İNGİLİZCEYİ YABANCI DİL OLARAK ÖĞRENEN TÜRK ÖĞRENCİLERİN RİCA ETME TERCİHLERİ: YAŞ, CİNSİYET VE YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYESİ FAKTÖRLERİ
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Abstract
Bu çalışma, İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen Türk öğrencilerin dolaylı anlatım ve nezaket yaklaşımlarıyla ilgili farkındalıklarını anlamak ve farklı durum ve şartlarda İngilizce rica etme eylemlerini gerçekleştirirken, ‘güç’, ‘sosyal mesafe’ ve ‘talebin boyutu’ gibi edimbilim başlıklarını ne derece dikkate aldıklarını araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Çalışma, yaş, cinsiyet ve yabancı dil bilgisindeki seviyenin öğrencilerin pragmatik yeterliliklerini etkileyip etkilemediğini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları Bursa ilinde bir lisede okumakta olan 35 öğrenciyi ve ana dili İngilizce olan, İngiltere ve Amerikalı 14 yetişkini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmanın verisi 15 çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan ve araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan bir anket yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Doğrudan, dolaylı ve alışılagelmemiş dolaylı rica etme eğilimleri test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen Türk öğrencilerin kullandığı stratejilerin yaş, cinsiyet ve yabancı dil bilgisindeki seviyeleri tarafından etkilendiğini göstermiştir. Kız öğrencilerin genellikle dolaylı ifadeleri tercih ettikleri ve bunun bütün yaş grupları ve yabancı dil bilgisi seviyelerinde erkek öğrencilerden daha yüksek oranda olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yine, yaş ve yabancı dil bilgisi seviyesi yükseldikçe, doğrudan rica etme eğiliminin azaldığı gözlenmiştir ki bu durum dolaylı anlatımın yaş ve yabancı dil seviyesinin artmasıyla doğru orantılı olarak arttığını göstermektedir.
Keywords
Abstract
The present study examined Turkish EFL learners’ awareness of indirectness as a politeness strategy, and to what degree they considered or would consider the principles of ‘power’, ‘social distance’, and ‘size of imposition’ while performing their requests under various situations and conditions. The study aimed at revealing whether gender, age, and linguistic proficiency level affected the pragmatic competence of the learners. The participants were 35 High School students in Bursa, Turkey, and 14 native speakers of English from Britain and the USA. The data were collected by the help of a 15-item multiple-choice questionnaire which was prepared by the researcher. Direct, indirect, and non-conventional indirect requesting tendencies were tested. Results revealed that the strategies preferred by Turkish EFL learners are affected by linguistic proficiency level, age, and gender. It was observed that female students preferred mostly indirect requesting utterances, which always surpassed male students’ tendencies at all ages and linguistic proficiency levels. It was also observed that directness decreased as the age and linguistic proficiency level increased, which suggested that indirectness increases together with the age and linguistic proficiency.
Keywords
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