ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN RUH SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN SOSYOEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER: MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ

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DOI : 10.29228/JASSS.54103
Year-Number: 2021-Year: 14 - Number: 88
Yayımlanma Tarihi: 2021-12-31 16:46:02.0
Language : Türkçe
Konu : Şehir ve Bölge Planlama
Number of pages: 183-210
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Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin ruhsal sağlığını etkileyen sosyal belirleyicileri tespit etmektedir. Bu sosyal belirleyiciler kendi içinde öğrencinin eğitim süreci ile ilgili faktörler ve öğrencinin ailesinin sosyoekonomik statüsü gibi iki kategoride incelenmiştir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak dünyada çeşitli ülkelerde akıl sağlığı ve/ya depresyon düzeyini ölçmek için kullanılan ve kişilerin kendi kendini değerlendirmesine dayalı olan Genel Sağlık Anketi-12 (GSA-12) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Mersin Üniversitesi Çiftlikköy Kampüsünde 995 lisans öğrencisiyle yürütülmüştür. Anket, merkezi yemekhane ve çarşı bölgesinde öğle arası zamanında öğrencilerin bir araya geldiği yerde ve zamanda yürütülmüştür. Böylece daha kısa sürede daha çok öğrenciye ulaşma amacı güdülmüştür. Anket verileri SPSS paket programı 20.0 sürümü kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrenci skorları normal dağılım göstermediği için veriler parametrik olmayan yöntemler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan parametrik olmayan testler sonucunda birinci yönteme göre hesaplanmış GSA-12 skorları dikkate alındığında cinsiyete, yaşa, kalınan yere, aile tipine, daimi ikamet adresine, hane reisinin (babanın) yaşadığı yere, hane reisi kırda yaşıyorsa mesleğine, babanın eğitim seviyesine ve öğrencinin aylık harcamasına göre üniversite öğrencileri arasında anlamlı farklar bulunmamıştır. Buna karşın, öğrencinin okuduğu bölümü kaçıncı sırada tercih ettiğinin, toplam öğrencilik süresinin ve yıl kaybı yaşayıp yaşamadığının, okuduğu bölümü isteyerek mi yoksa istemeyerek mi tercih ettiğinin, öğrencinin babasının (hane reisinin) kentte yaşaması durumunda yaptığı işin, öğrencinin annesinin eğitim düzeyinin, öğrencinin ailesinin aylık ortalama gelir düzeyinin, öğrencinin ailesinin geçim düzeyinin ve öğrencinin kendi geçim düzeyinin, öğrencinin GSA-12 skorlarını ve depresyon riskini belirlemede anlamlı düzeyde ayrıştırıcı olduğu görülmüştür. Buna göre öğrencilerin ailelerinin sosyoekonomik statüsünden (eğitim + gelir + meslek) daha çok ailenin gelir düzeyinin öğrencilerin depresyon düzeyini belirleyen temel ekten olduğu görülmüştür. Üniversite öğrencilerinin genel ruh sağlığı düzeylerinin yaygın tarama araçları ile tespit edilmesi ve zamanında müdahale edilmesi, üniversite yıllarından sonra daha büyük ve daha maliyetli sorunların ortaya çıkmasının önlenmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify the social determinants that affect the mental health of university students. These social determinants are examined in two categories, such as factors related to the student's educational process and the socioeconomic status of the student's family. For this purpose, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), which is used to measure the level of mental health and/or depression in various countries around the world and based on self-assessment, was used. The research was carried out with 995 undergraduate students at Mersin University Çiftlikköy Campus. The survey was conducted in the central cafeteria and shopping area, at the place and time where the students came together during the lunch break. Thus, it was aimed to reach more students in a shorter time. Survey data were evaluated using the SPSS package program version 20.0. Since the student scores did not show a normal distribution, the data were evaluated using non-parametric methods. When the GHQ-12 scores which are calculated according to the first method are taken into account, there were no significant differences among students according to gender, age, place of residence, family type, permanent residence address, place of residence of household head, type of occupation if the head of the household lives in rural areas, education level of the father, and monthly expenditure of the student as the results of the non-parametric tests. On the other hand, the order of preference of the department that the student study, the total time that the student has spent in the university, whether he/she has lost year, whether he/she prefers the department voluntarily, the father's job (if the student's father lives in the city), the education level of the student's mother, the average monthly income level of the student's family, the student's family's subsistence level, and student's own subsistence level are significant in determining the student's GSA-12 scores and/or depression risks. As a result, it was discovered that the income level of the family, rather than the socioeconomic status (education + income + occupation) of the students' families, was the main factor determining the students' depression level. Detection of the general mental health levels of university students with widespread screening tools, and making timely intervention are of great importance in terms of preventing the emergence of larger and costlier problems after university years.

Keywords

Kaynakça

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