Author :
Abstract
Öz: İngiltere ile Fransa, gerek Avrupa’da hegemonya kurmak gerekse denizaşırı topraklarda sömürge elde etmek için XVIII. yüzyıl boyunca sürekli olarak birbiriyle mücadele halinde oldu. Bu rekabet, Koalisyon Savaşları sırasında da devam etti. Bu dönemde Fransa’nın kaderine yön veren Napolyon Bonapart, bu müzmin hasımı yenilgiye uğratmanın en kesin yolunun doğrudan doğruya İngiliz Adaları’na saldırmak olduğuna karar verdi. Ancak İngiliz Donanması’nı etkisiz hale getirmeden bu planın hayata geçirilebilmesi mümkün görünmüyordu. Nitekim iki ülkenin donanmaları 21 Ekim 1805’te Trafalgar’da karşı karşıya geldi. İngilizlerin belki de en büyük avantajı Horatio Nelson gibi çok tecrübeli bir komutana sahip olmalarıydı. Nil Savaşı’nda uyguladığı yeni ve akıllıca stratejiyle Fransız Donanması’nın Akdeniz’deki varlığını bir süre için dahi olsa ortadan kaldırmıştı. Şimdi ülkesini işgalden korumak için yeniden Fransızların karşısına çıktı. Bu sefer Fransız Donanması’nın yanında İspanyol Donanması da vardı. Müttefikler, gemi sayısı, büyüklüğü ve silah miktarı itibariyle daha üstündü. Ancak Nelson, bu sayısal üstünlüğü ortadan kaldıracak tarzda yeni bir saldırı stratejisi ortaya koydu. İkiye ayırdığı donanmasıyla Müttefiklerin dışbükey yarımay şeklindeki savaş hattını iki noktadan bölmeyi başardı. Sonuçta İngiliz denizcilerin tecrübeleri ve Nelson’un planının tam olarak hayata geçirilebilmesi bu kritik savaşın neticesini belirledi. Bu başarının kazanılmasında en büyük pay sahibi Nelson ise savaş sırasında aldığı kurşun yarası nedeniyle hayatını kaybetti.
Keywords
Abstract
Abstract: Britain and France have been in constant struggle with each other throughout the 18th century, both to establish hegemony in Europe and to obtain colonies in overseas territories. This competition continued during the Coalition Wars. Napoleon Bonaparte, who guided the fate of France during this period, decided that the most definite way to defeat this belligerent opponent was to attack the British Isles directly. However, the realization of this plan did not seem possible without neutralizing the British Navy. As a matter of fact, the navy of the two countries confronted in Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. Perhaps the biggest advantage of the British was that they had a very experienced commander like Horatio Nelson. With his new and wise strategy during the Battle of the Nile, he had abolished the French Navy's presence in the Mediterranean even for a while. Now he again appeared before the French to protect his country from the occupation. This time the French Navy was with the Spanish Navy. The Allies were superior in number and size of ships and weapons. However, Nelson introduced a new attack strategy that would eliminate this numerical advantage. With the navy he divided into two, he managed to divide the Allied convex war line into two points. As a result, the experience of British seafarers and the full realization of Nelson's plan determined the outcome of this critical war. Nelson, who had the biggest share in this success, lost his life due to a gunshot wound during the war.
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