TÜRK ÇOCUKLARININ TÜMCE İŞLEMLEME SÜREÇLERİ: GÖZ İZLEME ÇALIŞMASI

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DOI : 10.29228/JASSS.43172
Year-Number: 2020-Year: 13 - Number: 80
Language : İngilizce
Konu : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Temel Alanı- Dilbilimi
Number of pages: 213-230
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Abstract

Cümleyi kavramak, hem cümleyi oluşturan herbir kelimeyi anlamlandırmayı hem de kelimeler arasındaki hiyerarşik ilişkiyi anlamlandırmaya bağlıdır. Günümüze kadar birçok bilim adamı cümlelerin kavranmasını bir çok farklı yöntem kullanarak araştırmıştır. Bu araştırmada, cümlelerin kavranması, herhangi bir dilsel gelişim bozukluğu olmayan okul çağındaki çocuklarda göz izleme yöntemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Veriler on set cümleden oluşan, her setin dört farklı anlamsal durum içerdiği, gerçek anlam, mecazi anlam, yan anlam ve teknik anlam taşıyan cümlelerden oluşmaktadır. Herbir durumda hedef kelime, ilgi alanı belirlenmiş ve toplam 40 cümle kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada dört farklı anlamsal durumda bulunan Türkçe cümlelerin işlemlenmesini inceleyebilmek için göz izleme metrikslerinden ‘ilk odaklanma süresi’, ‘ toplam odaklanma süresi’, ‘toplam ziyaret süresi’ kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları toplam odaklanma süresi ve toplam ziyaret süresi değişkenlerinde dört anlam kategorisinde anlamsal fark göstermiştir. Toplam odaklanma süresi ve toplam ziyaret süresi değişkenlerinde gerçek ve yan anlam kategorileri arasında, mecazi anlam ve yan anlam kategorileri arasında anlamlı fark vardır. Bunun aksine gerçek anlam ve mecaz anlam, gerçek anlam ve teknik anlam ve mecaz anlam ve teknik anlam kategorileri arasında anlamsal bir fark bulunmamıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları aynı sözcüğün farklı anlamları farklı şekilde işlemlenebileceğini ve farklı zorlukta olabileceğini göstermiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları yan anlam içeren cümlelerin gerçek, terim ve mecazi anlam içeren cümlelerden daha uzun sürede işlemlendiğini göstermiştir. Çocukların gerçek anlamla yan anlam arasındaki bağı kurmada zorlandıkları düşünülmektedir. Eğitimciler çocukların bilişsel kabiliyetlerini geliştirmeli ve onlara gerçek ve yan anlam arasındaki bağı kurmalarına yardımcı olmalıdırlar. Çalışmanın sonuçları çocukların daha sık karşılaştıkları anlamları daha hızlı işlemlediklerini göstermektedir ve çalışmanın bulguları Giora’nın Graded Salience Hipotezi ile uyumludur.

Keywords

Abstract

Sentence comprehension depends on the understanding of both the individual words and their hierarcical relations with other words. So far, researchers have studied sentence processing by using different methods. In this study, sentence comprehension of school-aged children without developmental language disorder were investigated by using eye tracking measure. The data collection tool consists of ten sets of sentences in four different meaning conditions such as literal sense, figurative sense, polysemous sense and technical sense. In each condition the same target word, area of interest, were identified, which make a total of 40 target sentences. In this study, ‘the first fixation duration’, ‘total fixation duration’ and ‘total visit duration’ are used as the metrics of eye tracking data to analyze the processing of different types of Turkish sentences. The results revealed that in TVD and TFD parameters there was significant difference among all 4 categories of meanings. Furthermore, there was significant difference in TVD and TFD parameter among literal and polysemous meaning categories and figurative and polysemous meaning categories. On the contrary there was no significant difference among literal and figurative, literal and technical and figurative and technical meaning categories. The results of this study indicate that different meanings of the same word can cause different processing difficulties. The processing of polysemous meaning takes longer time than processing of literal, figurative and technical meaning. The children have difficulty in making connection between the literal meaning and polysemous meaning. Educators should improve children’s cognitive abilities and help them to create the connection between the literal and polysemous sense. The results suggest that salient meaning is more activated than the less frequent meaning. The results of the study are in consistence with Giora’s Graded Salience Hypothesis revealing that salient meaning is activated faster than the nonsalient meaning.

Keywords

Kaynakça

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