YANKI ODASI: KAVRAMSAL BİR ÇERÇEVE

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DOI : 10.29228/JASSS.63626
Year-Number: 2022-Year: 15 - Number: 91
Yayımlanma Tarihi: 2022-09-17 13:35:21.0
Language : Türkçe
Konu : İletişim Çalışmaları
Number of pages: 457-474
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Abstract

İnternetin ilk dönemleri, birey ve grupların kendini kolayca ifade edebilmesini sağlayarak demokratik toplum idealine ulaşmaya katkıda bulunacağı yolunda iyimser öngörüleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Ancak, sanal dünyanın giderek benzer seslerin bir araya gelerek kendini karşıt görüşlere kapadığı homojen gruplarla dolmasıyla birlikte bu iyimser öngörüler de kaybolmaya başlamıştır. Yankı odaları olarak adlandırılan bu tür toplulukların varlığı internet öncesi döneme uzansa da blog, forum, sosyal medya gibi dijital ortamların ve kişiselleştirmeye imkân veren filtrelerin kullanıcıların internet ortamında kendini farklı seslere kapatmasını sağlayarak yankı odalarının oluşup varlığını sürdürmesini kolaylaştırdığı kabul edilmektedir. Grup üyelerinin alternatif görüşlere maruz kalmasını sınırlayan ve benzer seslerin sürekli yinelenerek pekişmesine imkân veren yapısıyla yankı odaları kutuplaşma, demokrasiye tehdit oluşturma, yanlış bilgilerin ve sahte haberlerin yayılmasını kolaylaştırma ve sapkın davranışları normalleştirme gibi olumsuz etkilere yol açmaktadır. Toplumsal diyalog ve uyum açısından zararlı bu etkileri azaltmak ise öncelikle bu tür toplulukların varlığını fark etmeyi gerektirmektedir. Konuya ilişkin farkındalığı artırmayı amaçlayan bu makalede yankı odalarının üzerinde tartışılarak eksiklikleri giderilecek kavramsal bir çerçevesi çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Literatür taraması olarak hazırlanan çalışma kapsamında öncelikle yankı odası kavramı filtre balonu ve epistemik balon kavramlarıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmış, ardından yankı odalarının özellikleri, ortaya çıkmalarına yol açan faktörler ve toplumsal etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış, son olarak da konuya ilişkin çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Abstract

The early days of the Internet brought with it some optimistic predictions that it would contribute to achieving the ideal of a democratic society by enabling individuals and groups to express their opinions easily. However, these optimistic predictions began to fade as the virtual world gradually filled with homogeneous groups, where similar voices came together and closed themselves to opposing views. Although the existence of such communities, called echo chambers, dates back to the pre-internet era, it is generally accepted that digital environments such as blogs, forums and social media sites as well as the filters that allow personalization enable users to shut themselves off to different voices in the Internet environment, making it easier for echo chambers to form and maintain their existence. Echo chambers, with their structure that limits the exposure of group members to opponent views and where similar voices are reinforced by repetition, lead to undesirable social effects such as polarization, posing a threat to democracy, facilitating the spread of false information and fake news, and normalizing deviant behaviour. Reducing the harmful effects in terms of social dialogue and cohesion first requires to be aware of such communities. This article, which aims to increase awareness on the subject, tries to draw a framework of echo chambers for stimulating discussions to overcome any shortcoming in it. In this review article, firstly the concept of echo chamber is discussed, then the characteristics of echo chambers, the factors that lead to their emergence and their social effects are tried to be revealed, and finally, some solutions are suggested.

Keywords

Kaynakça

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