The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Year 2020 Issue Year: 13 - Number: 81

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ LEARNING STYLES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICS COURSE

Hatice GÜZELYasemin DURGUT — 2024-10-28

This research was carried out to determine the effect of teaching according to 4MAT teaching method on high school students' attitude towards physics course and the relationship between students' learning styles and their attitudes towards physics course. The research was carried out in the 2016-2017 academic year. The study group of the research consisted of high school 2nd grade students studying in a public high school. In the research, quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group was used. In the research, Kolb Learning Style Inventory, Achievement Test and Physical Attitude Scale were used to determine the learning styles of the students. SPSS program was used in the analysis of the data and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Whether the data showed normal distribution was analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For the data that do not conform to the normal distribution of the test results, analyzes were performed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis-H test. It was found that the learning styles of students are different from each other. It was observed that the post-test attitude scores of the experiment and control group students increased. However, the ratio of increase was at the same level in both the experimental and the control group. Considering this result, it can be said that the 4MAT teaching method applied in the experimental group does not make a difference in student attitudes compared to the traditional method applied to the control group. It has been observed that students with different learning styles have different attitudes towards physics course. While the attitudes of students with common sense (Type 3) learning style towards the course were the most positive in the experimental group, the attitudes of students with dynamic (Type 4) learning style towards the course were the most positive in the control group.

RESEARCHES ON THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION

Aslı AVCI AKÇALIÖzgür BAŞ — 2024-10-28

Today, the use of technology in education is an essential and inevitable phenomenon in terms of realizing effective teaching activities. For this reason, the number of researches on the use of technology in teaching various subjects is increasing day by day. The use of technology has an important place in the effective teaching of social studies course which has great role in preparing students for life. So, the use of technology in social studies education has attracted the attention of many researchers and it has been observed that a significant amount of literature has been created on the subject. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the researches in our country on social studies and technology in terms of various variables. By examining the researches on the subject, it is expected to determine the trends in the literature and contribute to the production of new and original researches. This study, which is based on qualitative research method, was conducted based on the survey design. Within the scope of the research, a total of 82 researches, 35 of which are articles, 38 of which are master's theses and 9 of which are doctoral theses, were examined based on the document analysis method. These studies were analyzed through the publication classification form developed by the researchers. Descriptive analysis and content analysis methods were used to analyze the data. As a result of the analysis, it has been observed that the researches on the subject have increased significantly since 2006 and mainly the quantitative research method has been used. It was determined that the researches were mostly designed according to survey design and teachers were preferred as the study group. In addition, it was determined that the researches were carried out generally for the purpose of determining the attitudes and opinions of the participants.

AUTHORITATIVE EXPRESSION IN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE: SAMPLE TEXT REVIEW

Hatice FIRAT — 2024-10-28

In the concept of “authoritative expression”, which is used to express a kind of understanding that dominates the expression of the work in children's literature, the term authority is briefly used in the sense of “obedience, acceptance”. Therefore, authoritative expression is a concept related to the style of the author and it is undesirable to have children's books that are outside the “child relative” feature in children's literature texts. In this study, the authoritative narrative feature that is undesirable to be found in the works of children's literature is considered as a criterion and it is aimed to reveal the authoritative narrative feature with the examples given from the text. The importance of this study is that this study can contribute to the field since the studies on the feature of authoritative expression are limited in children's literature texts. In the research, the document review, which includes analysis of written materials containing information about the phenomenon or cases that are aimed to be researched, is used from qualitative research methods. The work titled “The Train Comes with Joy” written by Ulviye Alpay, which is a theater text written for children, was examined as a document and its data was obtained through content analysis. Content analysis is a method that helps to gather similar data within the framework of certain concepts and themes and to help interpret them in an understandable way. Direct quotations from the text are included and the findings are interpreted. As a result of the review, the work; It was determined that it was built on the superior sides of the train as a railroad and transportation vehicle. In the work, a lot of information is given about this subject, the information given is repeated frequently (the train is safe 23 times, the economic is 11 times, the comfort is 7 times, etc.), the superior aspects of other means of transportation are neglected (especially the negative thoughts about roads). given), a critical attitude was determined. In addition, it has been determined that the points that are thought to be right or wrong are clearly stated, and an environment that will enable children to question, think and produce their own ideas is not created. The presence of order sentences and necessity statements indicates that the grinder / advice model has been adopted. Based on these features, the author's work is formed for educational purposes; the text does not have a communicative feature open to different ideas; In short, it is concluded that the work was written with an authoritative understanding.

CARTOONS ANALYSIS IN TERMS OF VALUES INCLUDED IN THE SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM: THE CASE OF RAFADAN TAYFA

Nuray KURTDEDE FİDANFiliz KILIÇ — 2024-10-28

One of the important goals of the Social Studies course is to bring values to children. In the Social Studies course, many educational tools are used by teachers. In addition to literary products such as epics, poems and stories, cartoons are also important for the education of values. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the cartoon of Rafadan Tayfa in the context of the values in the Social Studies Curriculum published in 2018. The research was carried out with document analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The data source of this research consists of 79 sections of Rafadan Tayfa cartoon film. Rafadan Tayfa cartoon's episodes published between 2014-2016 and in 2 seasons were analyzed. In the research, most of the values in the social studies course curriculum were found in the cartoon of Rafadan Tayfa. It is seen that the most important cultural values and elements are included in the cartoon of Rafadan Tayfa. Besides, it is seen that the values of Scientificity, Solidarity, Sympathy are the most emphasized values. Scientific value is gathered under two sub-themes as theoretical and daily life information. Solidarity value is gathered in this cartoon under two sub-themes: friend solidarity and social solidarity. There are traditional dishes, traditional plays, national elements, local clothes, music, certain days and weeks from cultural values and elements. There are traditional dishes, traditional plays, national elements, local clothes, music, certain days and weeks from cultural values and elements. It was determined that values of freedom, independence and peace were given little place in the cartoon.

INVESTIGATION OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR LEVELS IN TERMS OF VARIOUS VARIABLES

Hatice KADIOĞLU ATEŞAyşe IŞIK ÖNER — 2024-10-28

Sustainability is one of the concepts that arise as a result of increasing consumption behaviors harm the natural environment. In terms of sustainability, it is a global issue that needs to be considered for many years on how to provide education to students to save and protect both today and tomorrow. It is based on the view that the needs of future generations will meet the needs of the present generation, taking into account the needs. The concept of convertible consumption is of great importance for sustainability. Individuals need to grow up with a sense of sustainable consumption, from early childhood to higher education. Accordingly, the aim of the research is to determine the pre-service teachers' sustainable consumption behavior level. In this context, the pre-service teachers' sustainable consumption behavior level was examined and it was predicted whether there was a significant difference according to various variables. In this study, where the pre-service teachers' sustainable consumption behavior levels were examined, a scanning model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The universe of the research is teacher candidates studying in Istanbul in 2018-2019 academic year. The sample of the research was determined by using simple random sampling method. Evren is a total of 1250 undergraduate students enrolled in the education faculty of a foundation university within the borders of Istanbul. The sample is 297 prospective teachers studying at the relevant university. As a result of the research, it was determined that the pre-service teachers' sustainable consumption behavior is at a medium level. A significant relation was found between the pre-service teachers' gender, age, department, environmental education lesson status, membership of the communities with environmental protection themes, the desire to do the profession, the degree of graduation from any undergraduate program and the desire to pursue graduate education.

PERSPECTIVES OF THE RETIRED ADMINISTRATORS AND SUPERVISORS RELATED TO THE EXISTING PROBLEMS ON EDUCATION SUPERVISION IN TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS

Oksana MANOLOVA YALÇINBilge Kağan BIKMAZ — 2024-10-28

The main purpose of this research is to specify the existing problems on educational supervision in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus with views of the retired administrators and supervisors. This is a qualitative research in the phenomenology style. The participants of the research are four retired administrators and six retired supervisors who have worked within the Ministry of Education and Culture in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Standardized open-ended interview questions was conducted as the data collection tool. The questions asked in the interview have been prepared as a result of comprehensive literature review and views of specialists in educational administration and supervision. Interpretive analysis technique was used in analysis of data obtained in research. According to the research results, the positive effect expected from education supervision has not been obtained due to the present implementations in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and as a result of this supervision cannot provide the necessary contribution to the education-instruction process. In this research supervisors and administrators collectively indicated the necessity of urgent update in education and supervision system and the requirement of to multiple-supervision in the education supervision system. However, the study reached to the conclusion of discredit of supervisors and administrators towards the expected alteration.

PERCEPTIONS OF THE PARENTS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF THE PROCESS OCCURRING DUE TO THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC ON PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Pınar AKSOY — 2024-10-28

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the process occurring due to the Coronavirus pandemic on children, based on the views and experiences of the parents who have preschool (48 to 72 months old) children. The study group consists of 28 parents in total, who were reached by means of convenience sampling method among the parents with preschool (48 to 72 months old) children, who live in the provinces of Ankara, Kayseri, and Tokat. Study data were obtained through individual telephone calls to the parents in the study group and the parents were addressed the question, “What are your views and experiences on the effects of the process occurring due to the Coronavirus pandemic on your child?”. The data obtained in this context were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that the process occurring due to the Coronavirus pandemic mostly caused preschool children to become stressed/frightened/anxious/worried/uneasy/unrestful/panicked. The statements delivered by the parents also revealed that this process caused children to become more aggressive/resistant/testier, to remain separated from school and/or friends, to get bored/revolt against the case, to stop their contact with the nature/outdoors, to behave more dependent to parents, to increase in use of computer and/or television, to increase in consumption of junk food and to get into thoughts of death/losing relatives. It was detected that preschool children can start spending more time with parents, learn to spend time at home/to set a play with siblings, to feeling close to/developing positive perception towards healthcare personnel and to increase their awareness of disease-hospital which is one of the limited number of positive effects of the process occurring due to the Coronavirus pandemic. It is recommended that parents be proactive and try to minimize potential hazards, making their children’s daily routines more organized and controlled, for healthy conduct of the “new normal order” that has emerged in this process.

CLIENT’S AND PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELORS’ PERSPECTIVE ON THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE: COMPARISON OF ONLINE, FACE TO FACE, AND PLASEBO GROUPS

Seher Merve ERUSŞerife Gonca ZEREN — 2024-10-28

In this research clients and psychological counselors’ therapeutic alliance levels during face to face and online counseling process were examined. 61 individuals (25 clients at face to face group, 21 clients at online group, and 15 participants at placebo group) and six psychological counselors were participated in the study. Psychological counselors offered service to each group. Working Alliance Inventory and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. Spearman Brown correlation analysis was used to examine correlations between clients and psychological counselors’ therapeutic alliance levels and Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare therapeutic alliance levels among the groups. As a result of the study there were positive relationships between clients and psychological counselors’ therapeutic alliance (goal, task, and bond factors) at face to face and online group. There was no relationship between participants and psychological counselors’ therapeutic alliance at placebo group. The result of the study revealed no significant differences among face to face and online groups in terms of clients and psychological counselors’ therapeutic alliance. Besides psychological counselors’ therapeutic alliance (goal, task, and bond factors) level in placebo group found significantly lower than face to face and online groups but participants’ goal factors found significantly lower.

ADAPTATION OF THE MUSIC PERFORMANCE ANXIETY INVENTORY TO TURKISH: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

Varol ÇİÇEKBahar GÜDEK — 2024-10-28

The aim of this study is to adapt the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPKE) developed by Kenny, Davis and Oates (2004) and revised by Kenny (2009) into Turkish and to perform validity and reliability studies. K-MPKE has been developed to measure the pre-performance experiences and underlying psychological vulnerabilities of music performers. After the adaptation of the scale to Turkish was completed with the contribution of field and language experts, the data were collected from 321 professional music education undergraduate students attending the music departments of three different universities in the 2018-2019 academic year, using appropriate sampling. The inventory was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, validity, reliability and translation-back translation methods. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the construct validity of the inventory and it was seen that the model data fit ratio values of the three-factor structure indicated a perfect fit. In all sub-dimensions and the entire inventory, items have an item-total correlation value of at least .20 and above. In the sub-dimensions of the inventory, mean correlation values between items vary between .28 (Psychological fragility) and .43 (Early Experiences), while the average correlation value between items for the entire inventory is .31. While the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients of the sub-dimensions of the inventory vary between .60 (Early Experiences) and .92 (Near Somatic Anxiety), the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient of the whole inventory is .94. The obtained results, inventory adjustments made have shown that there is a reliable and valid measurement tool that can be used to measure the level of musical performance anxiety in Turkey.

LITERARY CRITICISM OF MODERNIZATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF AHMET HAMDI TANPINAR AND THOMAS BERNHARD

Cüneyt ARSLANHazal YÜRÜKLÜ — 2024-10-28

In Western Europe, the modernization movement that has developed in the aftermath of the revolutionary ideas of the age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution has officially started with The Edict of Tanzimat (Ottoman Empire) in Turkish society, and it has continued in the Republic of Turkey. With the modernism, which was defined as the transition process from the old to the new and began to take its place in the literature as a concept in the 19th century, the authors modernized the literary narrative while they were criticizing this transformation that they were in. Modernization debates dating to the present day take an important place in Turkish literature, especially in the works of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar. Thanks to Tanpınar, one of the important values of Turkish literature, an important section of the process of adaptation of the Turkish nation to modernism is witnessed. Austrian Thomas Bernhard, one of the German-language authors, wrote his works at a time when Western Europe was about to overcome the impact of the war, and in his works he - just like Tanpinar - critically treated the renewal process unfolding from individuals to society. In this study which is written based on the methods of comparative literature science, modernism was analyzed from the perspective of Tanpınar and Bernhard, with the purpose of detecting the similarities and differences between both authors.

THE READING CRITIQUE OF INTELLIGENCE EPIQUE: HALIT ZIYA’S NOVEL AS THE READING OF FIRST PERIOD CRONIQUE [MIDTERM] OF MODERN TURKISH LITERATURE, FRENCH EPIQUE AS THE NOMENCLATURE SYSTEM OF TOP READİNG

İmran GÜR — 2024-10-28

The top reading system for solution Halit Ziya’s Novel has been improved by İmran Gür the reading system in the process of peculiar to Halit Ziya nomenclature. As civilazation nomanclature of cronique change has consist of the midterm readings [widespread academism: cult ephic] Cronique of French Ephic System in studying system peculiar to modern dynamism. Transforming is in modern nomenclature [modemism: contemporary reading system] systems. Halit Ziya’s Novel Peculiar to Imge as the solution of Modern Science System [The Index of World Science Teminology] the new milimetrique reading system. The French Literature Ephic as the narrative of modern is in the [modern eqipment: English mean: milennium reading system] anothomy of Tanzimat’s modern kathedralic language of realizations [civilization]. This culture is information minimarism peculiar to Ottoman Empire as change of modern cult in Ottoman. Modernization of Ottoman of Serveti Fünun is innovation of being modern as change of technique of modern narrative. Halit Ziya Novel, consist of nomenclature by Imge as a two different reality. This stuation is being of two different reality one and the same plane [the solution of the reality, as a new life form. İn a novel Similation [the solution of the theory of identical planets by Imge] of peculiar to art In the novalization of As a period cronique of Halit Ziya Novel is the indigenous a basic term. In the process of a period changes from beginnig to day systematized of peculiar to Halit Ziya Novel Readings under six title is gathering by Imran Gür.

READING THE NOVEL SENSE AND SENSIBILITY (AKIL VE TUTKU) IN THE LIGHT OF FEMINIST IMAGES

Duygu AYDEMİRHanife Nalan GENÇ — 2024-10-28

Sense and Sensibility, the first novel of British novelist Jane Austen and mostly about affection, was written in the letter format. The work was distributed in three volumes, and numerous amendments were made to it from the 1790s to 1811. The novel, which has been translated into various languages, mirrors the standards of the British society as far as social, monetary, scholarly, good and moral perspectives with its title and narrative structure. These models are significant regarding gender roles and how women perform their roles, capacity and position in both family and public activity. In this respect, the novel highlights feminist images that are either straightforwardly or indirectly embedded into the story structure. The tale, which is viewed as one of the master works of art of the British Literature, contains significant women's considerations as of the time it was composed, and makes various developments as far as the viewpoint towards women and the roles ascribed to them. Considering the novel in the light of these pictures of these images has the qualities to be a model for the work of today's literature in terms of being informative about the conditions and social structure of the period in which the novel was written, as well as showing the reflections of the changing perception of women. In the context of feminist methodology and gender, the meanings of marriage, inheritance and family were tried to be found in the novel. In this perception, especially the position of the woman is appreciated in terms of the references they contain either implicitly or explicitly. Since the main pivot of the novel is the phenomenon of women and femininity, the semantic and formal features of the work are tried to be read with feminist images. The linguistic features of the novel that can be adapted to language teaching show that the images we mentioned can be not only in terms of literary and feminist teachings, but also educational aspects. Therefore, reading the novel in the light of feminist images has given a broad perspective of women over the history.

“WHERE ANGELS FEAR TO TREAD”: THROUGH THE LENSES OF LEVINASIAN ETHICAL RELATEDNESS AND LAYDERIAN UNCONTROLLABLE DESIRE

Dilek Tüfekçi CAN — 2024-10-28

The first novel written by E. M. Forster entitled Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905) revolves around two distinctive cultures and societies. Forster deliberately juxtaposes the characters both from Sawston, England, and Monteriano, Italy to expose the effect of unfamiliar settings and values on the spirituality of the human being. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to examine the perceptions and manner of female and male characters to the established cultural norms and societal codes of the Edwardian society through the lenses of Emanuel Levinas’s “ethical relatedness” and Derek Layder’s “uncontrollable desire” besides the perspectives of many other scholars. This study attempts, on the one hand, to explore Levinasian “ethical relatedness” with its concepts such as “sensibility”, “subjectivity” and “proximity”, on the other, discovers Layderian “uncontrollable desire” in conformity with mimetic theory. In Levinasian terms, subjectivity to otherness indicates that all the characters interact with the other by means of their own ethical relatedness as is the case in the novel. In regard to Levinas’s notion, Forster also provides proximity among his characters mostly, spiritual and emotional proximity by considering the prereflective locus of the self. In order to do this, Forster employs distant countries, nations and classes. Apart from Levinas, this study also unveils the secrecy of “uncontrollable desire” in the inner mental life and rational thought of the characters through the Layderian perspective. The study concludes that both male and female characters, somewhat, behave inconformity with their own ethical relatedness and try to control their “uncontrollable desire”.

EVALUATION OF SOME NOVELS OF HUSEYIN RAHMI GURPINAR FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LOVE

Pelin DİMDİK EMEKSİZ — 2024-10-28

41 novels of Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar have been published. In this study, 25 novels of the author, which are directly related to the subject, were examined. We determined the views of Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar about love from related novels. Thus, we aimed to make it easier to understand what Gürpınar intended to say about love which he advocated in his works and to understand what he wanted to convey to the reader. The purpose of this article is to subject and interpret the love issue in Hüseyin Rahmi's novels in a psychological context. The issue of love emerges as an issue that keeps up to date in every period. Novels in which love experiences are processed always appeal to the reader. The author, who wants to make his novel more attractive, presents the novel with a love story, even if the main subject is not direct love. When the best-selling novels, most watched series and movies are examined, it can be said that many of them have a strong love story in their content. Love is part of human life. It is good to fall in love. There is no negative side in fondness, where positive emotions such as respect and love are experienced mutually. The end of the lovers in the novels of Hüseyin Rahmi is often tragic. Love suicide, love captivity, unrequited love, rejection, love abuse are among the topics covered in the works. The author seems to have wanted to draw attention to the dangers of love in his works. Too glorifying or underestimating love can have harmful effects, irreparable consequences. It is a fact that logic is lost in the face of the person who falls in love with. Roma give the impression written based on this principle.

EVALUATION OF DERVIS HASAN MEHDI’S ARTWORK TITLED TERCUME-I ŞÂHNÂME-I FIRDEVSÎ ON TERMS OF THE TURKISH ART WORKS

Ruhi KONAKMine DİLBER — 2024-10-28

Considered as one of the important works of Persian literature, Şehname, which deals with heroic and epic events, is one of the most known and read works of the Islamic world. Many copies of the book, which was written by Firdevsi in Iran, are decorated and numerous subjects described in the text are illustrated. In this respect, the Firedevsi Şehname, which has the feature of a valuable book, was read by Ottoman rulers with pleasure and for hide it in their libraries. During the developing period, while some Ottoman Sultans were preparing their ancestors or their own Şehnames, who made the translation of the Firedevsi Şehname too. New sections were added to these translated works in line with the appreciation of the Sultan who had prepared the book. Thus, the book, which became the Shahnameh of the related Ottoman Sultan, became an intermediary for the Sultan to explain himself or mention him. The Şehname that can look at the examples that come to our day, has an important place in terms of book arts as well as being a literary work. There are both the copies made by other authors, the copies made by other names, and translations of the original work in your library, museum and private collections at home and abroad. Tercüme-i Şâhnâme-i Firdevsî is located in Paris Bibliotheque Nationale. This work, in which there are examples of skin, marbling, painting and illumination art, was examined from the point of view of Ottoman book arts within the scope of the study. The volume, gilding, illumination, marbling and painting examples in the work, in terms of period, style features and artist samples were examined.

ANALYSIS OF KODALY SINGING-CENTERED MUSIC TRAINING METHOD AND A SAMPLE LESSON MODELING STUDY SUPPORTED BY KOKAS PEDAGOGY

Tuğçem KAR — 2024-10-28

Compared to other music education methods in our country, the lesser Kodály method is different and important since it is a system, not an approach. One of the most important factors that make this difference is that it is effective in solfege education. The Kodály method is a whole where every requirement is meticulously determined in the way of learning music and every stage is carefully constructed to respond to these needs. Early music education occupies an important place in the method, based on the opinion that its basic instrument is the voice of each individual, where the importance of active participation in music education is always emphasized, the development of hearing skills and the increase of musical literacy are aimed. In this system, it is aimed to educate literate individuals in the musical sense in the process starting from childhood to adulthood. The importance of early music education for the training of well-educated and cultured singers is undeniable. Considering that students are accepted to departments related to Voice Education in our country at the undergraduate level, it is foreseen that the achievements of this system will contribute to the professional singers of the future both in ensemble works and musical creativity, improvement and interpretation. The present study aimed to design a sample course modeling in line with the principles of Kodaly Education Pedagogy. In accordance with Bloom's Taxonomy, that is, the Full Learning Model, Kodaly's Fonomimi, Weighing, Finger Portrait, Tonic Sol-Fa, Stick Notation, and a model study based on hearing and improvization have been introduced. The study seeks to answer the question of how to plan a sample music lesson with cognitive, affective and psychomotor activities that serve the principles of full learning by using these techniques of Kodaly.

A CASE STUDY ABOUT THE ECHOES OF APPLICATIONS USED IN ON-LINE MUSICAL EDUCATION, ON CHILDREN AGED 8-15, THROUGH THE PERIOD OF COVID-19

Göksen TOSUNERNazife Oya LEVENDOĞLU — 2024-10-28

This study is done due to understand and describe the effects of on-line music lessons, levels of learning and lecturing sessions during the period of Covid-19's social ısolations. Though it is not a general study of its concept; it's related to a qualitative search on traditional studies. The main subject where this work focuses on, is the question that how does this Covid-19 pandemic effect the students' on-line lessons and levels of learning. In order to find an answer to that question, the students aged 8-15, taking on-line lessons from Kayseri (National Education Ministry) Katre Music School, were included to this study and monitored and watched for their attitudes during the period, within the research notes and students' diaries. In addition to those data sets (notes) taken from the students, some advices, about child development and pedagogy, were also obtained from the consultants and (or) supervisors. When at the part of analyzing of the study, all the obtained datas' analysis were realized by thematic and colored (coloured) codings. To increase the reliability and the validity of the codings that used through the research, 3 colleagues of specialist were also included to the study. To obtain additional knowledge to the study subjoining the open-ended question (quest) types of nitel works, a 10 questioned survey of 5 point Likert scale was used to figure out the efficiency of the education and also the experiences of the 20 students who took piano lessons via the on-line education modeling. Within the conclusions of findings during the research period, it was seen that, to achieve an efficient and uninterrupted process using the on-line education modeling in music lessons, some specific technological devices and high speed internet infrastructures are needed. In this direction, it was concluded as; by taking regular musical education, the multiple earnings positively affected the student's daily life through this isolation time.

ETHICS IN TERMS OF MONOPOLIZATION OF PRESS COMPANIES AND DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS

Görkem BORANMurat SEZGİN — 2024-10-28

It is well-known that media has the power to create an ideology over public opinion. People with capital who realized the power of the media started to enter into the media sector more than ever with the spread of the internet. The acquisition of businesses such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television and even distribution channels by the owners of capital created the concept of monopolization in the media and made this situation customary. While businessmen operating in different business areas such as energy, mining, oil, automotive, finance and tourism want to promote themselves and their companies and use the press in political relations, they also buy the media organizations to have a voice in public opinion. Holding owners make many compromises in order to gain some interests from the state, which puts intense pressure on those working in the media sector. The situation of the media in Turkey is deteriorating day by day as people who have worked and tried to hold on within this sector for years leave their places to the owners who have a large capital. Conglomerations in the sector cause many ethical problems by ignoring basic media principles. This study aims to present the critical aspects of a situation arising from monopolization that is contrary to the ethical framework and to prepare discussion forms. On the other hand, this study is examined in more detail in the master's thesis of the Department of Communication Sciences at the Institute of Social Sciences of Uşak University.

HEREAFTER REWARDS IN THE LIGHT OF RELIGIOUS TEXTS

Abdullah NAMLI — 2024-10-28

One of the most important essentials of faith is doubtlessly believing in the hereafter after believing in Allah. Belief in the Hereafter is one of the fundamental beliefs of divine religions, especially in Islam. There are many verses in the Qur'an that mention about the hereafter. The life of the world is temporary and the Hereafter is eternal. Going to heaven is the main goal of every Muslim who believes. Belief in the world is the most important condition for the attainment of Paradise. It is not possible to go to heaven without faith. However, in the Qur’an, it is not only mentioned to believe in going to heaven, but good deeds are also presented as an occasion to go to heaven. It should not be wrong to conclude from here that one cannot go to heaven without righteous deeds. Under certain circumstances, one can go to heaven by pure faith. Goodness is armor for faith and is always remembered with faith because it helps one to maintain and strengthen faith. Although the entry into heaven is determined by one’s own deeds, the intercession of angels and some righteous servants permitted by Almighty Allah is also valid. The heaven is rewarding place. The heaven blessings are multiple times more than the blessings in the world. The heaven and its blessings are infinite and endless. What is given in heaven is never the mathematical equivalent of what is done in the world. Therein, the infinite mercy of Almighty God comes into play, and in the eternal life, the people who goes to heaven are granted grace that they cannot repay with their deeds in the world. When you enter through the gates of paradise, the top of the heaven blessings that start with the water offered from Kevser pool to erase all sorts of sensual feelings from the heart is to touch the essence of Almighty Allah.

OVERVIEW OF THE EDUCATION PROBLEMS OF THE PERIOD FROM EGYPTIAN IBN HACER AL-HEYTEMÎ'S WORK “TAHRÎRU'L-MAKÂL”

Hasan ÇETİNEL — 2024-10-28

Ibn Hajar al-Haytami one of the leading shafii scholars in 16th century gained great importance not only with his sufi career also his analysis about educational problems of the period. In his work titled Tahrîru’l-Mâkâl, he tries to answer the questions of his friend, who left his profession after becoming a teacher that started to teach at one of the orphanages of the time, with great sensitivity about how he should behave regarding the problems that may be encountered during the education process. As a result of this effort, comprehensive analyzes have emerged regarding educational problems, some of which are still up to date. Among the problems related with education that Ibn Hajar tries to solve are whether the children can be assigned by the teacher outside the purpose of learning and teaching or not, who may have the authority to employ the child, what are the responsibilities of the teacher as well as the foundation administrators for the student's continuation to school and the use of the beating as a method in the education of the child. It is also possible to obtain some information about Egypt of the 16th century and therefore the Ottoman social structure between the lines of the answers given by Ibn Hajar. It was also noteworthy that some of the questions on education, which were tried to be answered by Ibn Hajar, were still up-to-date despite the passing centuries. For this reason, the article includes analyzes regarding these topics which are still actuel. Issues related to education and discipline, though not in depth, have been tried to be analyzed with different perspectives such as the presumption of innocence, which are among the basic principles of law, and the importance of evidence in punishment. The method of the research; it is based on the content analysis of the work named Tahrîru'l-Mâkâl, which is one of the frequently used research methods in social sciences, by adhering to the original Arabic text.

CRITICISM ON THE PHILOSOPHICAL METHOD OF IBN TAYMIYYA, AND HIS REASONS FOR THE TAKFIR OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHERS

Muzaffer BARLAK — 2024-10-28

It is possible to evaluate Ibn Taymiyya’s approach to Islamic philosophers and philosophy in two ways. The first one is the critical attitude towards philosophical method, and the second one is the refusal to the solutions offered by philosophers on theological issues. It is seen that Ibn Taymiyya’s criticism of the philosophical method is collected in three points. The first one is the status given to the mind in the face of narration, the second one is the necessity for the interpretation regarding the Verses of the Quran and Hadiths (i.e. the nas), the third is that the science of logic was identified as the only method to reach accuracy in any subject. Ibn Taymiyya claims that Islamic philosophers produce thoughts on an invalid basis that is not based on the basis of knowledge because of their attitudes on these issues; and therefore, they cannot stay away from making mistakes. It is seen that the issues, which are the subject of the rejection of Ibn Taymiyya, were collected under eight items regarding the opinions that Islamic philosophers put forward on theological issues. These eight articles include the seniority of the universe, the fact that Allah does not know the particulars (i.e. the cuz), the fact that the “mead” “resurrection” (i.e. the recreation of the bodies of people in the Hereafter) will not take place, prophecy, the angels, the word of Allah, the intercession, the denial of Allah’s “mashiat” (i.e. the freedom of Allah in His actions) and his mightiness. Ibn Taymiyya detailed the opinions of Islamic Philosophers on these eight issues, and expressed his criticism on each issue. In addition, he also added that Islamic philosophers became disbelievers because of their opinions on these issues. The purpose of this article was to address and examine ibn Taymiyya’s three critiques on the philosophical method, and his eight rejections on theological issues that led to him to criticize Islamic philosophers.

THE CONCEPT OF “SOUND” IN THE LIGHT OF THE QUR’AN VERSES AND DETERMINATION AND EXAMINATION OF SOME VERSES IN WHICH SOUND IS MENTIONED

Muhyettin POLAT — 2024-10-28

As equivalent to term “sound”, the word used the most commonly in Arabic is the word “savt”. In this article, the concept “sound” “صوت” and some terms and words expressing the meaning of the concept of “sound” will be discussed. It is of great importance to know how the concept of “sound” is handled in the Quran. We will examine these concepts and what is Qur’an’s point of view towards the effects of these words and concepts on human psychology within the framework of various explanations made by the commentators. As far as we have determined, some prominent sound terms in the Quran are mentioned as: “sawt”, “sayhah”, “nida”, “hams”, “Qavl”, “saeiqa”, “sakha”, “Qaria”, “amr”, “mukhasima”, “mukâlama”, “tarannum”, “hajah”, “najwa”, “nataq”, “lafz”, “duea”, “tadarae”, “azan”, “sûr”, “naqur”, “ dabha ”, “dhikr”, “tilawa”, “ant sound”, “bird sound”, “revelation sound”, “the sound of the Angels”, “the sound of the Jinnis”, “the sound of the Satan”, “the sound of Heaven”, “the sound of Hell”, “Woman sound”, “the sound of Music and Instrument”, and “the sound of Himar(Donkey)”.Since it is not possible to examine all of these terms in detail within the boundaries of an article, we found it appropriate to examine certain words and concepts in our article consisting of nineteen titles, including “sawt”, “sayhah”, “nida”, “hams”, “saeiqa”, “amr”, “tarannum”, “duea”, “tadarae”, “azan”, “sûr”, “naqur”, “ dabha ”, “ant sound”, “bird sound”, “revelation sound”, “woman sound”, “the sound of Music and Instrument”, and “the sound of Himar(Donkey)”. In this study, we will investigate these concepts in the framework of the data obtained from the classical Quran interpretations as well as the lexical and word meanings of these concepts.

MIGRATIONS OF ANDALUSIANS TO MOROCCO (AL-MAGHRIB) AND SOCIOCULTURAL EFFECTS IN THE REGION

Lütfi ŞEYBAN — 2024-10-28

One of the main resource geographies of scientific studies in the field of Andalusian history is the Moroccan country, the Maghrib. Morocco became a region of the Province of Ifrikia (North Africa) at the Umayyad Period. Then, in 711, the Muslims who conquered the area from Maghreb to Spain, made Al-Andalus a great Islamic land in a short time. During this duration, the Moroccan-based Maghreb's contributions to this duration were much more important than others. Thus, Morocco merged with Andalusia as a single organism for many centuries and gained the title of "African Andalusia". From the Andalusia, the relations that started with the Idrisids in the 9th century and then continued during the periods of Almoravids, Almohads and Merinids served both the protection of Al-Andalus and its enrichment in terms of human resources. From Morocco, these relations have led the region to achieve great gains in the fields of politics, economics, agriculture, science, culture, art and architecture. After the loss of Al-Andalus, it became known as “Living Andalusia” because it is the leading refuge of the Andalusians. So, in the 15-16-17 centuries, tens of thousands of Andalusians had the opportunity to live by migrating to this country. In this study, it is aimed to identify and evaluate historical events in Andalusian-Moroccan relations.

THE OPPOSITION OF ROMANI PEOPLE TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION

Yusuf GENÇCengizhan AYNACI , Hanife DOĞAN , Samet KULAOĞLU — 2024-10-28

Social exclusion is a social problem that manifests itself in many different areas and makes it difficult for some groups to participate in the society they live in. For ages, some groups of society have been excluded from the society in which they live and prevented from realizing and socializing themselves. Undoubtedly, the Romani people experience this social problem occurring differently in each society. Until the late 20th century, permanent policies could not be produced against the disadvantaged situation and exclusion of the Romani people from society. After this date, both local and international activities against the disadvantaged condition and exclusion of the Romani from social life began to produce solutions to their problems. This study aims to measure the relation of socio-demographic characteristics of the Romani people among disadvantaged groups in society with perceptions of social exclusion and to provide policy recommendations for increasing their participation in social life. The research was conducted using a quantitative research method and employed the survey technique. According to the research findings, the Romani were most often excluded because of their ethnic identity, educational status and poverty, and their exclusion was related to their life satisfaction. The perception of exclusion does not differ significantly by gender. In contrast, mothers have a higher level of perception about the exclusion than fathers due to the exclusion the children experience at school. There is a significant relationship between the economic situation and their place of residence and their perception of social exclusion.

THE JOINT STRUGGLE OF THE SELJUKS, THE ZANGID, THE ARTUQIDS, THE MOSUL AND ALEPPO ATABEGS AGAINST THE COUNTY OF EDESSA (1098-1149)

Bahattin KELEŞ — 2024-10-28

In the 11th century, the Islamic world faced the Crusader danger at an unexpected time. Europeans wanted to expel Turks from Anatolia, who began conquering Anatolia from 1071 and gradually seized a large part of Anatolian lands and began to gradually tighten the lands of the Byzantine Empire. The war was inevitable as they wanted to drive the Turks out of Anatolia, take advantage of the wealth of the Islamic world and take over the holy lands. These wars which started in 1096, were named Crusades,. The throne fights that started after the death of the Great Seljuk Sultan Melikshah in 1092 greatly shook the central authority of the state and the Seljuks were caught unprepared for the Crusades, which started in 1096. The Berkyaruk-Muhammed Tapar struggle did not leave time to deal with the Crusaders, and the central authority of the state was shaken for a long time. When Berkyaruk died in 1104, Muhammed Tapar, who sat alone on the throne, continued to fight the Crusaders on the Syrian territory relentlessly. In the Anatolian territory, initially Kılıç Arslan I and later Mesud I continued this struggle. The Crusaders started to come to Anatolia in large crowded armies since 1096 and established the County of Edessa in Urfa on 10 March 1098 and The Principality of Antioch on 03 June 1098. The Crusaders continued their way and reached Jerusalem, which they deemed holy, and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem on July 15, 1099. The Seljuks made great struggles to demolish the County of Edessa and continued this struggle until the end with the help of Mosul and Aleppo Atabegs and Zangids.

APPROACH OF THE PRESIDENT ISMET INONU TO SOCIAL POLICIES IN THE OPENING SPEECHES OF ASSEMBLY

Fuat UÇAR — 2024-10-28

President Ismet Inonu’s opening speeches of the Assembly comprises a very important period in terms of containing the Second World War and the transition to multi-party system. Although Turkey did not get involved in the Second World War, it felt the impact heavily as ifit got involved. Social policies, like other policies, emerged as a product of a new structuring process in the economy and social structure. Several economic measures taken to reduce the effects of the war had important impacts on social life such as black-marketeering, stockpiling and inflation. In this way, social policy implementations, like economic policies, primarily concerned civil servants, workers and small peasants of the society. Inonu's opening speeches of the Assembly had the characteristics of informing the Assembly and guiding the government. Inonu made significant evaluations towards social policies in these speeches which were also intended to inform the public through the Assembly. Within this scope, Inonu's speeches focused on various concepts from the point of social policies. These concepts were taxation system, land reform, struggling with infectious diseases and various legislative arrangements to adjustment of working life. In the opening speeches of Assembly, Inonu expressed the necessity of the economic measures taken by the government and desired public to save on and support. Social policy issues that Inonu emphasized in his speeches played an important role in shaping the social policies of later periods.

IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNITY AND GLOBALIZATION THE RADICALIZATION ISSUE OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN TURKEY

Hüseyin ARSLAN — 2024-10-28

Modernization and globalization are two important processes for human beings. Both processes have undergone significant changes in social life. In this sense, the most important social institutions affected by modernization and globalization are religion and religious groups that are the bearers of religion. Modernity has given great importance to the mind. Therefore, it has applied rational principles in social relations and institutions. Therefore, modernity is called “Age of Reason. In the modern era, especially with secularization, the power and influence of religion began to disappear and religion was replaced by models of explanation of rational science. Therefore, it is possible to say that modernism confines religion to a narrow space. Although modernism imprisoned religion in such a narrow space, with the onset of globalization, the obstacles to religion began to disappear. In other words, people witnessed the revival of religion in social life and the return of the sacred during the period of globalization. Religious groups in Turkey also influenced by modernity and globalization processes and have begun to come up with a variety of claims. The basis of these claims is the discourse that religious groups are secularized and distanced from their essential duties. That's the purpose of this study to discuss the religious groups in Turkey how they begin to secularization and radicalization. The first step is to focus on the role of religion in the modern and global era in the West. Then, moving from the current situation are discussed the danger of radicalization of secularized religious groups in Turkey. Finally, various proposals are made in order to prevent the radicalization of religious groups in Turkey.

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DAMS IN SOUTH-EASTERN TURKEY: APPLYING POST-FLOODING DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TO IMPROVE CURRENT DOCUMENTATION AND SAFEGUARDING STRATEGIES ON CULTURAL HERITAGE

2024-10-28

The construction of dams and their impact on cultural heritage are an ever-expanding problem, the more so in times of climate change and narrowly focused development policies. We analyze here a case study represented by three major reservoirs in the Middle Euphrates valley in southeastern Turkey (Atatürk, Birecik and Karkamış). We applied Post-Flooding Damage Assessment (SSHD/PFDA) to evaluate the impact of dams on archaeological sites. Our PFDA consists of the analysis of cross-correlation of multi-temporal Landsat imagery, geographical spatial datasets and archaeological data from surveys and excavations: it provides an unprecedented, detailed overview of the loss of especially significant cultural landscapes, and also highlights the limited accuracy of pre-flooding archaeological surveys and excavations. Finally, we suggest an efficient methodology, a critical tool and recommendations for improving future designs of rescue archaeological projects targeting endangered cultural landscapes, with an immediately achievable target of a better-documented cultural heritage threatened by dams. In particular, we see a need to strengthen the existing legislation with specific working protocols providing guidelines on the identification, documentation and safeguard of the cultural heritage. These protocols must be supported by the state, which in turn must require their implementation by the bodies involved in the construction of the dams, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Asian Development Bank or the Inter-American Development Bank. In order to monitor the quality of whole work, the Turkish government should create a commission of international experts in the field of heritage with the purpose of monitoring the various projects from the proposal phase to completion of the last protocol.

MADONNA AS A POPULAR CULTURE ICON

Özge GÜRSOY ATAR — 2024-10-28

Today, popular culture and mass culture concepts are used interchangeably. However, both are different concepts. Popular culture has been transformed over time. Mass media has also influenced popular culture, which is a product of daily life. In this study, after describing the popular culture and mass culture definitions made by the researchers, the fine line between these two concepts will be determined. . The article attempts to reveal the transformation of popular culture over time. Madonna, which is considered as one of the most important icons in popular culture history, has become an icon that commodifies itself by evaluating market rules well. In fact, what Madonna wants is to exaggerate the social rhetoric that sees women as a sexual commodity and evaluates them only with the "body". However, this situation has been transformed over time through the presentation of mass media. Comic book "Rock’s Roll Comics: Madonna" appears as one of the mass media that this transformation is seen. Images about how Madonna has become a pop icon with her voice, appearance and style in the comic book, which includes how Madonna has turned to music since childhood and what she has experienced along with her music career. In the study, visuals in the comics were analyzed by semiotic method. The aim of the study is to reveal that Madonna, which is the popular culture icon, is given only in accordance with the culture industry system rules in accordance with this special number of mass culture. In the study, it is aimed to reveal the transformation of an icon opposite the system to the mass culture product within the system by semiotic analysis method.

TREND ANALYSIS OF AVERAGE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION DATA OF AKARCAY CLOSED BASIN (AFYONKARAHISAR-TURKEY)

Sevda Coşkun — 2024-10-28

The extent of the present study comprises the Akarçay closed basin located within the border of the provinces of Afyonkarahisar and Konya. The present study is aimed to perform trend analysis of average temperature and total precipitation of three meteorological stations (Afyonkarahisar, Bolvadin ve Akşehir) with more than 30 years of observation (1970-2019) in the basin. Besides, the aim of the study is also to analyze the annual and seasonals trends of these data by considering the monthly measured average temperature and total precipitation data of meteorological observed over many years across the basin. The study will also contribute to the national and international literature on climate change studies with another example from Turkey. The research method is based on the Mann-Kendall Test and Spearman's Rho Test. The results showed significant increases in mean temperatures throughout the closed basin, both annually and seasonally. In the Akarçay Basin, summer is the season where the positive trend seen in temperature is strongest. In addition to increasing electricity consumption in the region because of the cooling requirement, this situation can also encourage the production of solar energy from renewable energy sources. Strong positive significant trends in summer temperatures in the akarçay basin can increase the frequency of wildfires and risk dry forests in the basin. As annual rainfall, Bolvadin increases significantly in stations, while Akşehir decreases significantly. There is no significant increase or decrease in Afyonkarahisar. It is understood that the temperature increases observed across the watershed do not have a significant effect on rainfall.

THE EFFECTS OF HOUSING AUTHORITY (TOKI) HOUSING APPLICATIONS ON THE HORIZONTAL DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES IN TURKEY

Mehmet Emin YAKUTMehmet Akif CEYLAN — 2024-10-28

In our country, there is at least one TOKİ housing application in almost all provinces and district centers. In fact, more than one application has been carried out in some city centers. However, since a certain population size and housing demand is sought in district settlements, these practices have not been implemented in very small district centers. However, TOKI practices are encountered even in villages due to various reasons. There are undoubtedly very different and important effects of TOKİ residential applications on urbanization. As a matter of fact, these housing projects create important changes on the population and social structures of the cities. However, academic studies on this subject in our country are not many. However, a remarkable increase in studies has recently been observed. In this article, Turkey's seven geographical regions from the selected cities, their impact on the horizontal development of the city of TOKI application has been considered with the help of satellite images. These cities are Afyonkarahisar, Batman, Bingöl, Burdur, Edirne, Karabük and Nevşehir. In these cities, which are medium sized in terms of population, it has been determined that there are mostly important changes in the horizontal development of the cities after the construction of TOKİ residences. Undoubtedly, the dimensions of the changes have been directly proportional to the choice of location and the number of dwellings. In some of the cities studied, TOKİ residences had a gravitational effect on the horizontal development of the cities. In some cities, horizontal development has taken place in different directions, except for the area where TOKI subjects are established. In Batman, Edirne and Karabük, TOKI's partial attraction effect was seen, while Afyonkarahisar, Bingöl, Burdur and Nevşehir were stronger. Therefore, there were a number of factors, particularly location selection and topographic conditions.

INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA IN CORONAVIRUS DAYS

Mücahit Sami KÜÇÜKTIĞLI — 2024-10-28

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of internet and social media in the population of Konya, Istanbul and Kocaeli, the three largest agricultural, industrial and economic cities in Turkey during the days of coronavirus pandemic. In today's world, internet and social media are among the most basic elements that facilitate information sharing and communication of individuals and institutions. Coronavirus epidemic disease which started in the first months of 2020 has negatively affected the whole world and Turkey. The use of internet and social media in the coronavirus epidemic disease process of Turkish people is examined within the framework of usage and satisfaction approach which is one of the most basic theories of communication.The article was prepared to investigate the changes in the use of the Internet and social media by Turkish people during the period when this epidemic was widespread. The research was carried out with the public who reached and used the internet, and the questionnaire was disseminated through social media. Descriptive statistical methods (number, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation) were used when evaluating the study data. "One sample t-test", " independent sample t-test" and "che square" test were applied. Data analysis was done in IBM SPSS 20.0 package program. Data analysis was evaluated at 95yüzde confidence interval and p <0.05 significance level. As a result of the research, internet usage has increased compared to the normal period and it has been determined that different social media applications have been used by individuals in this process. It was observed that there was no difference between men and women in terms of internet usage time, and it was revealed that there was a significant relationship in the purpose of internet use, in which social media was also questioned.

THE INFLUENCE OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY EVALUATION OF SHAMMOUT’S MODEL

Sanam EIVAZZADEH Aysel ERCİŞ , Bahar TÜRK — 2024-10-28

Increased competition, dynamism and complexity of the environment, highlighted private sector, growth of customer expectations and the emergence of new innovations in the service industry in Turkey, has caused major changes in firms alattitude towards the customer and has informed them about importance of customer. Issue of preservation and increase customer loyalty considered as a strategic challenge for companies. Companies use the guidance of relational marketing to find solutions to the issue of finding customers and making them sustainable. Relationship marketing approaches can limits dissatisfied customers and increases loyal customers. Researchers have adopted the following principles in conceptualizing relationship marketing: First of all, firms should strengthen their relations with customers and suppliers, in other words, they should consider the importance of not only trading but also creating communication. Second, they should focus on maximizing the value customers expect. Finally, they should focus on developing and strengthening relationships with customers and suppliers, the impact of effective people and internal marketing. In the study, the relational marketing tools required to provide customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry and to keep the customers in the long term as a result of the satisfaction were discussed. This research evaluates relationshipmarketing model in five-star hotels in Turkey.Therefore, relationship marketing developed model of Shammout in 2007 is selected. There quired data were collected through questionnaire and structural equation modeling (AMOS) was used for data analysis.The results showed that all relationship bonds except financial bonds by influencing the emotions and relationship quality can lead to customer loyalty. Finally, the Shammout model was approved.

THE REFLECTION OF THE CAUSES OF THE 12 SEPTEMBER MILITARY IMPACT TO THE PRESS: THE CUMHURİYET NEWSPAPER

Teslime AKGÜNÖnder DENİZ — 2024-10-28

Military interventions in Turkey, including the first one occurred on 27 May 1960 came about 10 years. Interventions in the form of seizure of civilian administration, with different reasons on different dates, were mostly successful, except for a few. Interventions, called coup, which have no place in contemporary democracies, have had many justifiable reasons for those who carried out. In order to legally explain the illegal structure of the coup, the political environment before the intervention was deteriorated as much as possible. In line with this idea, the most effective weapon used by the coup perpetrators was mostly the visual and written press. The military administration tried to explain its justification immediately after the coup by using the media effectively. Military intervention defensive mentality through the media, the legitimacy of Turkey's political and social structure after the greatest impact has been on the impact of 12 September 1980. Gen. Kenan Evren, especially the right to intervene, was tried to circumvent the state's official radio and television. In addition, statements made to the press have formed a wide news structure of private newspapers. Having witnessed Turkey's Cumhuriyet newspaper critical time in the historical process, like other private newspapers on the causes of the September 12 military coup has carried many articles on the page. In the issues published between 13 September 1980 and 13 October 1980, the reasons of the coup were communicated in detail, especially by the words of Gen. Kenan Evren. Cumhuriyet Newspaper, which criticized the results of the September 12th coup to the present day after the preparation process of the 1982 Constitution, did not reflect much negative discourse on its pages in a month after the coup. In our study, in the issues published between September 13, 1980 and October 13, 1980, the news about the September 12 military coup was analyzed by discourse analysis.

DURING THE PANDEMIC TERM THE RISING IMPORTANCE OF RECREATION AMONG THE UNIVERSITY YOUTH AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF RECREATION FACT

Sadiye KAYAARSLAN — 2024-10-28

Due to its preventive effect on stress, the importance of recreational activities has increased in today’s society that pandemic has been experienced. Outdoor recreational activities are limited during the quarantine period. Opportunities to relieve stress are also limited because the continuation of physical activity is restricted in closed areas. University students having physical activity at a certain level through their regular going to campus and coming from there cannot go to campus during this pandemic term. The youth who have the opportunity to reach many of recreational activities in campus are not be able to benefit from these opportunities sufficiently because of pandemic. In the literature among the studies in Turkey, there is no evaluation about the recreational activities of the youth during social crisis terms like pandemic and pandemic processes having global effects. This study is the product of effort that provides removing this gap in the literature to some extent. This research is carried out via literature survey. In the light of data acquired from the literature, the recreational situations of university students are evaluated within the scope of recreational activities fact and some evaluations are made on the fact of recreational activities and on the change in recreational activities due to Coronavirus pandemic at last period. In this study the recreational situations of the youth are discussed and the most popular activities for recreation among the youth, their attitude to these recreational activities and the obstacles in the way of them about this topic are evaluated. In addition, it is remarked that the quarantine period has increased their spare time and especially the families must guide them for recreation. Within the scope of information obtained from the literature the aim of this study is to draw attention to the recreational situations of university students and the problems they face in this topic, to indicate the rising importance of recreation during pandemic term and to bring forward some proposals which will provide them to reach a healthier socialization and personality development. In this study, epidemics triggering holocaust are evaluated as a social fact causing being disadvantageous from the aspect of individuals affected. It is found that during the process of pandemic intra-family (consequently intra-group) interaction has increased sociologically whereas other social relations are limited and intergroup interaction has decreased. As a result, starting from this rise in the recreational activities of university students during quarantine process, it is obtained that recreational activities have undergone a transformation as activities that are generally passive and individual rather than being active and in group and carried out in closed places rather than outdoors for these who live in cities especially living in apartment buildings. It is found out that there is a need for the studies which will create and raise awareness about the importance of recreation among students, their families, educators and society during all this time in quarantine. It is aimed that this study will contribute to the youth, society and creators of social policy about the importance of recreation by creating an awareness related to the topic during the quarantine period.

METHODS SUGGESTED FOR PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ENTERTAINING DIGITAL DEVICES

Recep DEMİR — 2024-10-28

The cartoons are extremely amusing animations that substitute for the tales of the past which were filled with secrets. Today, real-like animations can be produced after 200 years of historical development. However, throughout this development process, animations produced for the child have been criticized in many categories including violence, obscenity, sexuality, negative precedent etc. despite the national and international laws on child protection. In parallel with the development of technology, new digital products have been developed as alternatives to television programs and these products have given rise to a much bigger world of show business with the help of the internet connection. The gamer enters to the playground and starts to become a part of the game due to the development of technology such as virtual reality, 4D and 5D. The rise in the quality and attraction of entertainment increased the addiction to the digital screen and distracted children from real life. In addition, with the rapid development of urbanization, children whose play areas have shrunk had to be at home, and they had to meet their inherent game needs through digital entertainment. Therefore, many social, physical, mental problems were encountered. The harmful aspects of the technology have come to the fore rather than the benefit of it. In this study, video games and cartoons, which are the two main elements of the digital entertainment world, are discussed and the risks that these products cause for children are also discussed with examples from the literature. Then, efforts were made to bring solution suggestions to eliminate these risks.

CUKUROVA OBSERVATIONS OF THE BRITISH EMBASSY (25-31 JULY 1950)

Orhan TURAN — 2024-10-28

This study examines a report prepared by the British Embassy and submitted to London, following a visit made to Çukurova between July 25-31, 1950. Throughout the history, the British have prepared many reports on Turkish provinces based on their visits. One of those visits was made by two officials of the Embassy. In the report they prepared on their visit to Çukurova, they primarily provide general information about historical and geographical structure of the region. Likewise they express their foresights regarding the future of the country and the region in addition to their comments on other issues. The first part of notes that are composed of two parts embodies impressions about historical and geographical features of Çukurova as well as daily lives of workers and modern farms. The second part dwells on agricultural products grown in the plain, economic value of these products and effects of natural disasters on agricultural activities throughout the region. The notes embody some interesting observations on the political atmosphere during the first few months after Democrat Party came to the power. The study addresses various activities that aim to increase potential productivity of Çukurova under topics of the leading economic resources of the region such as cotton, wheat, citrus fruits, irrigation, oil exploration and port management. Based upon the travel notes provided from a foreigner’s point of view, this study mainly aims at offering an insight into the socio-economic development of the Çukurova region, a leading economic field of the young Republic. Being a result of a detailed research carried on in the British archives, this study analyzes the report on a visit to the region by the embassy officials of the time.

CIVIL AVIATION AS A TARGET OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM

Zülfükar Aytaç KİŞMANSelinnur GÜN — 2024-10-28

Terrorism is a phenomenon that often emerges by adapting to the character of the era. Terrorist acts, which can vary according to variables such as the character of the period, the place, the target audience, etc. can cause various negative effects in almost every area of life. Terrorism activities constitute a great danger for the civil aviation sector, too, which is one of the most important developments in our age and serving nationally and internationally. In fact, the terrorist incidents have prevented the development of the Civil Aviation sector from time to time and created periods of stagnation, causing it to be not preferred and thus affecting the civil aviation sector in economic, commercial, social and psychological terms. Terror attacks that took place in the Civil Aviation sector affected many people regardless of race and country because of the nature of the sector and reached at remarkable dimensions. Considering the characteristics of terrorism such as disrupting social peace by inflicting fear and terror, blocking the flow of daily life, causing damage to people's trust in legal authority, it is seen that terrorist acts in the civil aviation sector serve these purposes. When the international dimension of the civil aviation sector is taken into account, the reflection of these negative effects caused by terrorist acts is more noticeable. In this study, the development and history of civil aviation with its national and international dimensions have been examined. Starting from the emergence of terrorism activities, the events that have affected the civil aviation sector have been stated by giving examples, and the results and solutions regarding the issue have been put forward.

AN OVERVIEW OF ECOFEMINISM: WOMEN, NATURE AND HIERARCHIES

Yıldız Merve ÖZTÜRK — 2024-10-28

Ecofeminism is an interdisciplinary critical theory which claims that environmental and women's issues are interconnected because of the objectification of women and nature in a male-dominant society. According to this theory, the system forms a male-centred hierarchy and dualities, creating inequality in society and providing the superiority for men. On the other hand, the hierarchy and dualities are used to exert pressure on non-male beings and marginalize them. Thus, in the male-dominant hierarchical order dualities such as male/female, culture/nature, human/nature, white/black, unconscious/unconscious, logic/emotion, soul/body occur, and former dominates the latter. That is, in this order, man is superior to woman, culture is superior to nature, and logic is to emotion. Also, since the man is considered superior to the woman, all the superior features are attributed to the male and the inferior features are associated with the female. In this way, while man symbolizes culture, consciousness, logic and spirit, woman represents nature, unconsciousness, emotion and body. In this case, women and nature become close to each other in a male-dominant society and are similarly conceptualized. The main factor causing this bond is the ability of both nature and women to reproduce and create. For example, while women bring humans into the world, nature ensures the continuity of life on earth with natural resources. Another factor is that both of them have a passive role in society and are dependent. Women are pushed to live a domestic life and become passive due to their fertility. Women who cannot achieve their economic freedom become dependent on men. On the other hand, nature is not an active being intrinsically. Since nature cannot move and speak, it has a position that is dependent on humans. The bond between woman and nature naturalizes the fertility of women and feminizes the fruitfulness of nature. For example, the fact that the woman is closer to nature ensures that her reproducibility is perceived as a natural condition, and motherhood is portrayed as the woman's most natural duty. Besides, it is natural for women to be domestic because of their biological structure. Thus, the fact that women cannot acquire social identity and depend on men is normalied, and women exist as objects in society. On the other hand, nature stands out in the male-centred system with its productivity and generosity, just like a mother. Nature serves the patriarchal system with its renewable resources. Thus, the system perceives nature as an object that provides abundance, infinite resources and power. As a result, both women and nature are objectified and exploited in the masculine-dominated society. The system puts forward women's closeness with nature to exclude them from society. This study sheds light on how the male-centred hierarchy and dualities crush non-male beings while glorifying men; explains why nature and women are perceived closer to each other. The st

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE: EARLY AND LATE WITTGENSTEIN

Ozan Deniz YALÇINKAYA — 2024-10-28

Language philosophy which is a discipline that investigates the nature of language conceptually, analyzes various meanings, deals with meaning, explaining how it is formed, explains the relation between language, language reality and language-communication. It has been the main field of philosophy since the beginning of the 20th century. In the course of history of philosophy, most philosophers have been concerned with the issue of language and language problems. Thus the fundamental views on language from the early periods into twenty first century has been grounded by the perspectives of prominent philosophers. This paper focuses on studies of Wittgenstein, who is considered (by some) to be one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century, played a significant role in 20th-century analytic philosophy, providing an important guide to one of the liveliest and most challenging areas of study in philosophy between the works of Wittgenstein’s first period of Tracatus Logico Philosophilus and the second period of Philosophical Investigations. There were two recognized periods of Wittgenstein’s thought—the early and the later. On the other hand, due to the difficulty of his works, he is not well understood. However, it is the later Wittgenstein, mostly known in the Philosophical Investigations. In the Tractatus philosophical problems arise from misunderstandings of the logic of language, and he tries to illustrate what this logic is. However, in Wittgenstein’s later work, he provides this concern with logic and language. With his language-games, he seems to go against the logical positivist's view of language of that period. This paper attempts to give an expository information on the fundamentals of philosophy of language between the two periods, outlining a thematic overview of the various approaches of Wittgenstein.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SELF-EFFICACY AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF TABLE TENNIS ATHLETES

Kürşad Han DÖNMEZŞevki KOLUKISA — 2024-10-28

In this study, it is aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between social self-efficacy and problem solving skills of table tennis athletes. The research includes a descriptive study. The analysis of the data was carried out on the computer with the statistical package program. The research results that were obtained from the sample of the study, is limited to 399 table tennis athletes who participated in the 2018-2019 season championship in Turkey. According to the results; in terms of age categories of table tennis athletes, there was no significant difference between the youth and adult category scores in total problem solving. Regarding total self-efficacy, a significant difference between the youth and adult category scores can be seen in regard to age categories. This difference was due to the fact that the scores of the senior category athletes were higher than the scores of the junior category athletes. In addition, in terms of gender categories, no significant difference was found between the scores of youth and adults category in terms of total problem solving. The research clearly shows that in terms of total self-efficacy, there was no significant difference between the youth and adult category scores by gender categories, too. As a result of the variance analysis, a significant difference was found between the scores of table tennis athletes according to their place of residence in total problem solving. This difference was due to the fact that the scores of the athletes living in the urban cities and the athletes living in the district or below, were higher than those of the athletes who live in bigger metropolitan cities. In terms of total self-efficacy, a significant difference was found between the scores of table tennis athletes according to their habitat. This difference was due to the fact that the scores of athletes living in the district or below and the scores of the athletes living in the big metropolitan cities had higher scores than of the athletes living in the urban cities. In terms of total problem solving and total self-efficacy, no significant difference was found between the scores of table tennis athletes according to their family income levels. According to professional work experience in problem solving, a significant difference was found between the scores of table tennis athletes. This difference resulted from the scores of athletes with 1-3 years of professional experience, the scores of athletes with 4-7 years of professional experience, and the scores of athletes with 8-11 years of professional experience, than those of athletes with 12 years of professional experience. According to their professional experience on total self-efficacy, a significant difference was found between the scores of table tennis athletes. This difference resulted from the scores of athletes with 1-3 years of professional experience, the scores of athletes with 12 years of professional experience and the scores of athletes with 8-11 years of professional experience, than those of athletes with 4-7 years of professional experience.