The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Year 2021 Issue Year: 14 - Number: 84

EVALUATION OF TEACHERS' VIEWS ON THE EDUCATION OF SEASONAL AGRICULTURAL WORKER MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN

Gülsün ŞAHANAhu UZUN — 2024-10-28

The workers who will work in agriculture every year in our country migrate periodically with their families. School-age children of immigrant families start school late and have to leave early. This situation causes disruptions in the education of children. Education of children who migrate seasonally to work is not at the desired level. The responsibility of the family, especially the responsibility of the mothers, is important in the education of migrant children. It is known that children are more successful in families who care about the education of children. It was revealed in the exams that the children of educated mothers were more successful. The role of mothers is important in the education of the child. There is a need for studies not only for the education of children but also for the education of mothers. Education should be given not only to children but also in families. Starting from literacy education, families should be provided with education on health, agriculture and nutrition. The aim of this study is to reveal the educational problems of seasonal agricultural workers mothers and their children and to develop solutions according to the opinions of the teachers. The research was carried out in accordance with the case study, one of the qualitative research methods. In the research, the data collection tool is semi-structured interview forms created as a result of expert evaluation. The study included 11 primary and secondary schools in a district in Southeastern Anatolia, where seasonal migration was intense, and 11 teachers who worked or worked in the Vocational Training Center. In the study, it was concluded that seasonal agricultural worker families do not include studies on the education of mothers, there are difficulties in the mothers' coming to school, support education is insufficient for the children who leave school late, and the studies about their education are not at the desired level.

EVALUATION OF THE THESES RELATED TO THE CRITICAL THINKING

Almina GÖNÜLBegüm BAŞAR , Mehmet Kaan DEMİR — 2024-10-28

Critical thinking is an issue that has been considered and researched for thousands of years. Critical thinking researches remain popular both in other countries of the world and in our country. However, when the literature is examined, there is no study investigating the researches on critical thinking. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the master’s and doctoral theses written on Critical Thinking in Turkey, according to various criteria. Graduate theses were accessed from the website of the Council of Higher Education by writing “Critical Thinking” in the thesis scanning section. In the study, 332 theses written between 1999 and 2020 and that have permission to publish, were analyzed by content analysis method. The data were analyzed with SPSS using frequency and percentage techniques. According to the results; the studies, about three-quarters of which are master's theses, are mostly carried out by female researchers, theses examined are mostly counseled by male lecturers, lecturers with the title of doctorate professor do more thesis consultancies than others and more researches on critical thinking has been studied in Gazi, Çukurova, Hacettepe and Atatürk universities, and in this way, in the Central Anatolia region. In addition, approximately one-fifth of theses were made in 2019, it is preferred that thesis juries are 3 people, theses have pages between 101-150 and titles consisting of words between 11-15, the number of sub-problems is mostly between 0-5 and they are mostly conducted with the scanning model.

THE PRINCIPALS’ OPINIONS ABOUT THE USE OF AUTHORITY, DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY AND SEIZE OF AUTHORITY.

Ebru Burcu ÇİMİLİ GÖKKemal KAYIKÇI ,Serdar ÖZÇETİN ,Ramazan GÖK — 2024-10-28

The aim of this study is to remark the principals’ opinions about the use of authority, delegation of authority and seize of authority. In this research, holistic single case design, one of the qualitative research methods, has been used. The study group of this research has been selected, in appliance with the integrated single case pattern, by using the maximum diversity sampling method and voluntary basis. School principals of 9 schools in the center municipalities of the city of Antalya have been contacted by using semi structured personal interview forms. For the analysis of the collected data, content analysis has been used. NVivo 9.2 package program was used to encode and categorize the data. The results of the research show that the principals’ conceive their authorities as insufficient and in some cases, in order not to witness resistance, instead of using their authority they use their relations. All of the 9 principals stated that, if they have the power of selecting personnel, creating funds and the freedom of using their funds for the school, they would make the school a more efficient place. In some instances, they experienced difficulties in using their authorities and they were intruded by the intervention of their superiors, politicians and unionists. It has been found out that delegation of authority is perceived as a necessary practice as it positively affects teamwork and motivates people. In the delegation of authority, fairness, merit, specialization and written announcement appear to be the main principles. It has been observed that the most important factor that makes the transfer of authority difficult is the distrust of subordinates, and school principals trust the vice principals they recommend more among their subordinates to whom they will delegate authority. The major factors that make the delegation of authority difficult are found to be; the distrust to the subordinates, the regulations not being clear and the will of holding power.

AN EVALUATION OF JENNY HOLZER'S ART PRACTICES THROUGH LIGHT AESTHETICS

Alkan BAYRAKTAR — 2024-10-28

The effects of the relationship between conceptual art and philosophy have started to manifest themselves with different practices since the 20th century. In this process in which discourses simplified and daily elements gained importance, widely accepted aesthetic attitude of art was ignored and with the "art-life" approach, the art for everyone was created. Jenny HOLZER, one of the contemporary artists of the concept of art-life that appears in the context of a broader version of conceptual art, was born in Ohio, USA. He graduated from Ohio University Rhode Island School of Design in 1977. The artist, who was interested in painting for a while, later abandoned this understanding and was interested in conceptual art for more than 30 years. Holzer touched on many topics through texts throughout his life, and he processed these texts on very different materials. These range from colored papers to animal bones, from marble blocks to inscriptions on t-shirts. In these texts, the language of the artist stands out with particularly impressive and harsh attitudes. The artist especially exhibited his text-oriented works in public spaces other than exhibition halls and in line with these experiences, he aimed to bring his works together with his audience more easily. It is also observed that many of the works of the artist that met with his audience in the public sphere emerged on the basis of technology. In our study, the works of Jenny Holzer, which are integrated with pure technology and called "light aesthetics", were examined. Considering this limitation, the sub-texts of these works were examined, and the artistic fictions of the artist and the creation philosophy of his works were emphasized.

THE IMPACT OF DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT ON THE MEDIATION NEEDS OF TURKISH STUDENTS WHO LEARN GERMAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF TEXT WRITING IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE

Ayhan Yavuz ÖZDEMİRErgün SERİNDAĞ — 2024-10-28

The dynamic assessment, which forms the theoretical foundations of Vygotsky's perspectives such as sociocultural theory and proximity development, stands out in the field of teaching English as a foreign language as a subject of research. However, as a result of the field summer screening, it was determined that the issue is not known much in turkey and abroad in the field of German teaching as a foreign language. For this reason, the study tested whether dynamic assessment positively affected the needs of the university preparatory class students who learned German as a foreign language in interactive conversations aimed at learning and teaching. Pre-test, finaltest and tracking testing were used as a data collection tool. The experimental group applied an enrichment program between pretest and finaltest, while the control group was traditionally taught. Interactive conversations between learners and tutorials have been recorded and transcription of recorded conversations. The collected data were recorded in columns created according to help typology and analyzed with a qualitative interpretational perspective. In addition, the collected data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS program with the Mann Whitney U-Test. In this context, this study, which is a mixed method research, aims to be a pioneer for the studies on german teaching as a foreign language. As a result of the study, considering the need for help in the context of the writing skills of Turkish students who learn German as foreign languages, significant difference was found in the final test, no significant difference between the experiment and control group, and there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in the follow-up test.

PREDICTING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ INTERNET ADDICTION IN TERMS OF INTERNET AFFINITY AND LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS

Emel BULUTŞerife Gonca ZEREN — 2024-10-28

With the rapid increase of technological developments day by day, the Internet has gained an important place in the lives of individuals. The Internet, as being a tool that people need access almost every moment and anywhere in daily life, has become the most powerful one among the communication tools, surpassing the influence of television, radio and written media with its services in the century we live in. Fulfilling the needs such as online shopping, chat, bill payment, getting cinema or theatre ticket, and psychological help services in the virtual environment are some of the factors that explains the increase in the Internet useage. These online activities are seen affinity sources especially fort he digital youth born into technology. In addition to this individuals' tendency towards activities such as fun gambling, chatting and networking are clearly seen in the Internet environment, and these causes the use of the Internet, which is already very attractive, to turn into addiction. Addiction is defined as a controlling problem which experienced by people who have difficulty dealing with problems and who have a high impulsive tendency. This study aims to explore the role of Internet affinity and learned resourcefulness in predicting Internet addiction levels of university students. The sampling of the study consists of 229 woman and 221 man, totally 441 students attending a state university in Istanbul. The data were collected through Young's Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, Internet Affinity Scale, Rosenbaum’s Learned Resourcefulness Scale and Personal Information. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the the results; university students’ Internet addiction positively correlates with Internet affinity but negatively with learned resourcefulness. In addition, Internet affinity and learned resourcefulness predict Internet addiction.

THE INVESTIGATION OF EMOTION MANAGEMENT BEHAVIORS OF HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS

Serap BERBER ABAKAİbrahim KOCABAŞ — 2024-10-28

Schools include many Dynamics such as managers, teachers, students, parents and they are also educational organizations with a wide range of people and institutions. In this context, it is important to recognize organizational and individual emotions and to manage them effectively in order to ensure that the educational organizations are kept alive according to their aims, to establish a positive organizational climate, to increase their performance and to ensure healthy communication. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of the teachers’ positive and negative feelings in the schools they work in and to reveal the emotion management behaviours of the managers working in the formal secondary education institutions in the direction of the opinions of the teachers. The data of the research used in the survey model were applied to 553 teachers working in official secondary schools in Avcılar, Başakşehir, Fatih and Esenler districts of İstanbul. The first part of the data collection tool used in the study was composed of demographic variables, the second part was “Positive and Negative Emotion Scale” developed by Watson, Clark and Tellegen (1988), the third part was “Emotion Management Behaviours Scale of Managers in Terms of Management Processes” developed by Çoruk and Akçay (2012). The data were analysed by SPSS program. According to the data obtained from the research, it was observed that teachers feel positive emotions in the “frequent” level and the negative emotions in the “less” level in the institutions where they work; there is a significant, negative and moderate relationship between teachers’ positive and negative feelings; it was determined that seniority and service area variables of the region where the school is located have a statistically significant difference in the frequency of feeling positive and negative feelings. In the context of the level of behavioural management of the principals, it was seen that the opinions of the teachers working in the 2/4 service area of the service sector are more positive in the planning, communication, coordination and evaluation subdimensions when the service processes of the school are examined in the subdimensions of management processes. Based on these data, schools in other service areas (2/5 and 2/6) need to be improved in terms of teacher assignment and employment. The “coordination” subdimension was calculated as the lowest average management processes in the emotion management behaviours of the principals. In this respect, it is thought that activities should support each other in educational organizations in terms of time and purpose and that principals should inform teachers about the activities in a timely manner. Finally, a significant, positive and moderate level was found among the decision making and evaluation processes; a significant, positive and high-level relationship was found among the other management processes.

COMPARISON OF THE COURSE BOOKS PREPARED AT THE SAME CLASS LEVEL IN TERMS OF ATTACHMENTS AND DISCOUNTS

Selbi ATALANFulya TOPÇUOĞLU ÜNAL — 2024-10-28

Turkish is a rich language in terms of vocabulary. The biggest indicator of this vocabulary in practice is proverbs and idioms. Proverbs and idioms are a cultural transmitter that reveals the vitality of the language and enables students to bridge the past and the future. Proverbs and idioms, which have an important place in our language, are conveyed to students through textbooks in schools, although they are conveyed in different ways in the oral and written tradition. In this respect, students should be brought together with publications containing rich vocabulary and vocabulary elements that reflect the power of narration and rich content. The most common tool that brings these texts together with students is the compulsory textbooks that MEB distributes to all students free of charge. These books are written by private publishers or MEB publications and published with the approval of the Board of Education and Discipline. The aim of this research is to compare the similarities and differences of three 7th grade Turkish textbooks prepared by two different publishers in terms of idioms and proverbs. The research is a qualitative research. The universe of the research is the books (7th grade Turkish textbooks prepared by MEB (2) and Özgün ”publishing houses) which were accepted as textbooks for 7th grades of primary schools in 2019-2020 by the Ministry of Education Board of Education and Discipline. The presence of idioms and proverbs in three books was determined by content analysis through TDK Proverbs and Idioms Dictionary. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the textbooks prepared by different publishing houses were not sufficient to provide students with the same vocabulary in the same grade level.

A REVIEW ON THE SOCIAL STUDIES TEXTBOOK 7 TH GRADE OF THE CONCEPT AND IMPORTANCE OF MIGRATION

Merve AVCI — 2024-10-28

Social Studies course focuses on the concept of migration and types of migration, especially in the 7th grade Social Studies course, the concept of migration is discussed and explained. This subject is taught within the “People, Places and circles” learning area. Migration has become a very important concept nowadays. Migration movements cannot be thought of with one dimension, every migration and every migration movement has certain causes and effects. Considering this aspect, it will be more possible to understand migration movements and the reasons for migration. In order for the students to absorb the concept of immigration and to have an idea about it, this subject should be explained in a good and understandable way. In the Social Studies course, in the 7th grade textbook, the subject of migration is mentioned and concepts are given. In this study, the importance of migration has been emphasized by drawing the conceptual framework of migration, and the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of migration movements and population structure in our country from past to present are explained with definitions and examples. In the 7th grade Social Studies course, the concept of migration and its features are examined within the scope of the learning area, and the topics and contents are emphasized. In this study, document analysis based on qualitative research approach was used. The 7th grade Social Studies textbook was examined and how the subject was handled was mentioned. Accordingly, in the Social Studies textbook, it has been observed that the types of migration and the history of migration from the past to the present, population movements and population density in our country are given in detail, especially tables, graphics and visuals are frequently used.

INTERMEDIAL TRANSFERS AND TRANSFORMATIONS ACROSS PERIODS: THE LITERARY WORK GOETHE'S 'FAUST' AND BUSHIDO'S 'MEPHISTO'

Cüneyt ARSLANSefa YILDIZ — 2024-10-28

In this study, the term intermediality, together with the term intertextuality, should serve as a theoretical model for analyzing two diverse texts or types of text from the fields of literature and music on the basis of their medial transmission. The intention is to determine the mutual effects of literature and music on the basis of diachronic text which are to be semantized with one another in the first instance. In addition, it should be stated that the term intermediality, which comes from the corpus of media studies, also makes a notable contribution to new discourses within the recalibration of the subject of German studies in the 21st century. On the basis of theories of intermediality and intertextuality, the following central questions are to be dealt with in the present work: - What is the intermedial relationship between literature and music? What are the similarities or differences between the writing systems of literature and music? Which stylistic devices play a role in the media transformation? At the level of these questions, two texts from different epochs and art genres are used as objects of investigation; Johann Wolfgang Goethe and his great work "Faust" (19th century) and the German-speaking rapper Bushido and his lyrics "Mephisto" (21st century).

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE NOVEL IN THE CONTEXT OF KİRALIK KONAK, KÖR BAYKUŞ AND BİR KIŞ GECECİ EĞER BİR YOLCU

Fethi DEMİRNahide Ece SÜSLÜ — 2024-10-28

Literary genres are not static patterns in which certain fixed forms, contents, and styles are dull. They differ, change and develop with almost every new text. A novel is the leading one among literary genres that transforms according to the age, society, relationships and cultural atmosphere, and continues to exist by constantly undergoing metamorphosis. In this sense, the sociology-oriented classic novel(realist novel) is first replaced by the modern novel giving insight into the inner world of the individual over time and then comes the postmodern novel, born in the multicultural environment created by globalization. Together with the change into the different genres or forms according to movements, terms, countries and cultures, especially the upper titles of the novel can be coded as basic concepts showing the retrospective development of a novel. The radical attitudes including paradigm changes in the context of the content, style and author-text-reader relationship in the historical development process of the novel can only be concrete within the framework of classical, modern and postmodern novel notions. On the other hand, it can be very useful to compare the differences between these main concepts in the teaching of the novel as a literary genre, so this article was written to discuss all these facts. In this context, these works; Yakup Kadri's Kiralık Konak chosen as an example of a classic novel from Turkish literature, Sadık Hidayet's Kör Baykuş, as an example of a modern novel from Persian literature and Italo Calvino's Bir Kış Gecesi Eğer Bir Yolcu as a postmodern novel were chosen . These works are comparingly examined in the context of fiction, person, place, time and narrator. In this way, the differences between classical, modern and postmodern novels were tried to be defined through these three examples of novels from different countries and periods.

DAILY LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL IMAGE IN GERMANY UNDER

Gülnaz KURT — 2024-10-28

This study aims to reveal both implicit and explicit images related to daily life and profession in Germany involved in the German coursebook titled Linie 1 Deutsch in Alltag und Beruf. To this end, the whole coursebook was investigated employing the content analysis method, and a total number of 1396 visuals related to daily life and profession in Germany were detected. After that, these visuals were also thematically categorized. Six different themes were generated based on categorizations and codes found in Neuner’s "Experiences of universal existence" and Güvenç’s "Guide to Cultural Contents and Elements". These themes are environment, education, nutrition, family, leisure time, and professional life. These 1396 visuals were analyzed, and 603 of them were included as the main data of this study. They were categorized in accordance with the six pre-determined themes. In addition, these categorized visuals were also analyzed within themselves, and the images that these visuals created for the reader were also interpreted according to the pre-determined themes. The results revealed valuable insights related to how daily and professional life were represented in the related coursebook. Based on these images, it can be said that great importance was attached to preserving the environment and historical elements, and they were tried to be introduced to the reader. Circle seating was preferred to facilitate face-to-face interaction and communication in the classroom, great importance was given to visualization, and vocabulary cards were frequently used in language teaching. Besides, images of snacks and a healthy diet related to German food culture were also noticed. When it comes to the family themes, results showed that communication among family members was prioritized, and family members were often visualized as spending their leisure time together doing various activities. Another essential point that results revealed is that people also had fun with their friends, spent their leisure time in nature, doing physical exercises, and reading. As for the professional life theme, job safety, collaboration, and cooperation were highly important.

PROBLEMS FACED IN ANIMATION ADOPTATIONS OF HODJA NASREDDIN JOKE

Zülfikar BAYRAKTAR — 2024-10-28

It is obvious that Hodja Nasreddin jokes play an important role in Turkish oral narrative tradition. Rather than his historical personality, Nasreddin Hodja is a joke character who is famous for his jokes in the world. The main reason for achieving such a success in the line extending from local to universal is that it reflects people in all aspects. The jokes of Hodja Nasreddin do not only include Turkish people but all human beings’ common issues and all the issues are solved in an atmosphere of certain tolerance. Nasreddin Hodja jokes have been studied by numerous researchers from past to today. Many researchers have revealed different perspectives on Nasreddin Hodja and jokes related to him. The jokes of Hodja Nasreddin have been updated within verbal, written and digital cultural environments and survived until today. Within this context, it is possible to state that animations are significant devices for new generations, especially to children, regarding the transfer of the jokes of Hodja Nasreddin. However, there are some problems faced in the process of the adaptation of the jokes based on both perception levels of children who are the primary audience of animations and structure of the texts. That is why the jokes of Hodja Nasreddin are not commonly used within the animations. In thıs paper, basic problems in the area and possible solutions to these problems are discussed with the aim of enabling a more common use of the jokes of Hodja Nasreddin in animations.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN TURKISH TRANSLATIONS OF THE HAPPY PRINCE BY OSCAR WILDE THROUGH YURI LOTMAN’S PERSPECTIVE OF SEMIOTICS OF CULTURE

Burcu YAMAN — 2024-10-28

The Analysis of the Cultural Elements in Turkish Translations of The Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde Through Yuri Lotman’s Perspective of Semiotics of Culture. The aim of this study is to analyze the cultural elements and their symbolic meanings in source culture through Yuri Lotman’s concepts of semiotics of culture. The analysis has been practiced on the original text published in 2008 by Floating Press. The ten different translations of the work by Özgü Çelik, İbrahim Şener, M. Ali Ayyıldız, Roza Hakmen & Fatih Özgüven, Nihal Yeğinobalı, Ayşe Banu Karadağ, Suat Ertüzün, Aylin Yıldız, Gökçe Deniz İnce, Derya Öztürk have been studied by the help of translation semiotics method through Yuri Lotman’s concepts of semiotics of culture such as semiospher, assymetry, dialogue and symbol. Semiospher is universe of meaning includes history, myth, traditions and many more. According to Lotman’s perspective of semiotics of culture this universe of meaning should be analyzed to realize the dilogue. As a result it is clear that one of the main problem in translations of cultural elements is the assymetry. The findings show that some of the tanslators avoid translating the cultural elements unique to the source text culture and wipe out the sign in target text. This appraoach causes cultural gaps. Translation is not only transformation of language but also transformation of culture. In this sense, to read the work interms of semiotics of culture and to have an analyzing approach will helpful for the problems such as assymetry.

THOUGHTS ABOUT RELIGION AND DEATH: AN ANALYSIS OF JULIAN BARNES’S NOTHING TO BE FRIGHTENED OF WITH REFERENCE TO DERRIDA’S THE GIFT OF DEATH

Mehtap DEMİRTÜRK — 2024-10-28

The term death is one of the most crucial terms for the entire world from the beginning of the history; while in the previous centuries it had been discussed through a religious perspective, as time progresses and civilisations develop; people have a tendency to explain it through a rationalistic perspective. Death and afterlife are popular terms for both in the world of philosophy and literature; and the French philosopher Jacques Derrida and the British writer Julian Barnes are among these to evaluate it with their own points of view. Both figures are recognised as atheists and they put forward their ideas by focusing on the illogical presumptions on religion. In these two works, there is neither a sense of emotion, grief nor mourning after the death of a person is met. As Derrida asks logical questions to understand death and religion, Barnes expresses his and his favourite artists’ ideas sometimes in an amusing and sometimes in a serious way. While Derrida tries to explain the subject within the scope of responsibility, Barnes comments about religion and death with an atheistic point of view and with reference to the details of his life with his family background and thoughts of his favourite artists and writers. The purpose of this study is to analyse Barnes’s autobiographical essayistic work Nothing to Be Frightened of in the light of Derrida’s assumptions about death, religion, nothingness and free will in The Gift of Death.

THE STRUCTURING OF IDENTITY IN THE DRAMA OF NAMIK KEMAL: NATION - HISTORY CONSCIOUSNESS

Gökçen SEVİMM. Fatih KANTER — 2024-10-28

The identity which is the most dominant element of the social system is a multidimensional concept. This concept possessing an extensive scope is shaped on a cultural, social, and common basis. The questions of who am I, where do I belong in the relationship of the individual with the society confronts the individual with oneself. An individual who starts to question who they are and where do they belong by putting an effort to interpret their existence tries to apprehend this confrontation within the context of their relationship with society. The individual who recognizes their self/self-identity meets in the common sense of belonging by forming with people like themselves. The formation of identity and sense of belonging takes place in a temporal and spatial level. The reform movement starting with Tanzimat (Reform Era) takes effect in the field of literature. Namık Kemal who is one of the Tanzimat artists tries to enlighten and raise awareness in the people during the reform process. Kemal puts emphasis on the historical consciousness and concept of the nation in raising awareness for people in the structuring of a new identity and society. He believes that the perception of the nation and historical consciousness affecting the identity structuring process and sense of belonging are the connective elements of societies. Kemal uses these two symbolic values that would prompt the collective consciousness in the dramas as the formation of national identity and a collective element that expands from individualism to collectivism. Namık Kemal who wants to sustain the identity structuring process of individuals and society with the relationship established with the past bears the perception of the nation to the moment through history in order to ground the future and prompt/awake the national consciousness. He bases the “being one” concept by discussing the relationship between past, present, and future. Namık Kemal believes that a generation knowing its history/ancestors would value the concept of nation included in the ideal value with a more inner feeling. He draws attention to the people who are not aware of their history and cannot internalize their history at the moment would damage the concept of nation.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC AND EXTRA-LINGUISTIC ELEMENTS IN THREE TURKISH TRANSLATIONS OF WILDE’S THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY

Nur GÜNEŞ UÇARÖzkan KIRMIZI — 2024-10-28

The Picture of Dorian Gray, the perfect reflection of light and shade, stimulating both the heart and brain simultaneously, is regarded as one of Oscar Wilde’s greatest works and among the masterpieces in English Literature. That is why, it is considerable to analyze Turkish translations of this literary work in order to find out how it was conveyed to Turkish language and construed by Turkish readers. This study aims to provide a comparative translation criticism through Katharina Reiss’ model of translation criticism as the backbone of the examination. The differences in three different translations of The Picture of Dorian Gray made by different translators have been analyzed according to the linguistic and extra-linguistic elements identified in Reiss’s translation criticism model. Within the framework of this translation criticism model, the linguistic components comprise of semantic, lexical, grammatical and stylistic elements of the target texts, while the extra-linguistic elements involve seven categories as the immediate situation, the subject matter, the time factor, the place factor, the audience factor, the speaker factor, and affective implications. For the examination and identification of the translators’ strategies, Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation strategies have been used as a means of the comparative analysis with relevant examples presented in sub-categories on different levels. According to Vinay and Darbelnet’s strategies, there are two extensive groups that comprise of direct translation covering the procedures of borrowing, calque and literal translation, and oblique translation involving the procedures of transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Consequently, it can be explicitly concluded that the translators chose to use different strategies from one example to another based on distinct variables, which results in remarkable differences in the target texts.

THE NOTION OF HOME AND HOMELESSNESS IN BULGAKOV'S "THE WHITE GUARD" AND "THE MASTER AND MARGARITA"

İmge ALPAY — 2024-10-28

The home, signifying a person's private space and the symbol of their privacy, has a meaning described as a sacred space, a reflection of the national mentality, and small modeling of the world in classical Russian literature. Until the October Revolution in 1917, the traditional house, which had been perceived as a unifying value for the national culture by giving integrity to life, was destroyed with the introduction of communal apartments called kommunalka as a sanction of Soviet ideology, and it is considered as a symbol reflecting the communist order in the works written after this period. In this context, the image of the house in classical Russian literature, undergoing a change in the first quarter of the 20th century, reaches a form describing communal apartments in works produced after the 1920s. With the demolition of traditional houses in the 20th century, many people living in communal apartments experience internal conflicts by not being able to keep up with this new order due to their past habits. In the 1920s, the conflicts created by this new order on the individual were reflected in the literary works within the framework of the notions of home and homelessness. The notions of home and homelessness, which was approached by many authors such as A.P. Platonov, B.L. Pasternak, L.M. Leonov, A.G. Bitov, and V.S. Makanin, are also reflected in Bulgakov's works, dealing with the transition process of the Russian society in the 20th century. In this context, Bulgakov's works titled The White Guard (?�?�?�?�я ?�?�?�р?�?�я, 1925) and The Master and Margarita (?�?�ст?�р ?� ?�?�р?�?�р?�т?�, 1966/67) are the main subjects of our study. The main factor that necessitates this limitation is the suitability of these two works based on the contrasts in treating the notion of home.

AN OVERVIEW OF CREATIVITY IN DESIGN AND THE QUESTION OF CREATIVITY

Elif TARLAKAZANSevinç KÖSEOĞLU ULUBATLI — 2024-10-28

Creativity is the cornerstone of generating new ideas. Creating something new and designing original products while creation is the most important subject of the designing process. If the designer cannot produce authentic designs in the process from the first step to the last, the result cannot go beyond imitation.

The value of a specific design is evaluated by its originality and originality is achieved by creating designs that are different from what already exist. Thomas Edison would not have invented the light bulb if he had adopted to the idea of burning candles in the dark like the people of his days. He came up with a creative idea, fulfilling its requirements and eventually invented the light bulb over time. His original invention glorified his name and placed him among the most useful people in human history.

The concept of creativity, which forms the basis of originality, is also indispensable in the fields of design arts like graphic, ceramic, sculpture, painting, etc. The first step of the design is to shape it as an original idea. The more distinctive and creative the design is, the more unique it is. The extent of originality of the design makes it more precious. In this context; an ideal design is to create the idea with the best way of expression and with the most accurate elements. Creativity is the most decisive part of the creation process.

This research is prepared for the concept of creativity and its importance in the determining factor of design authenticity in all art disciplines.

MUSICAL HEARING ABILITIES OF PROSPECTIVE CLASSROOM TEACHERS (ERCIYES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION CASE)

Levent DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU — 2024-10-28

This research aims to measure the musical hearing abilities of prospective primary school teachers with a focus on the 2018 Music Teaching Program targets of the Ministry of National Education. For this purpose, the research was completed in 3 stages. In the first stage of the research, literature research was done to find sources that could shed light on the subject. Then, the prospective classroom teachers were selected. In this context, seventy-two 2nd year students of Erciyes University Faculty of Education Department of Classroom Teaching were included in the study. In the second stage of the study, a musical hearing test was developed to measure the musical hearing ability of prospective classroom teachers. Expert opinions were used in the development of the test. Accordingly, 4 criteria were designated to generate the test: ability of distinguishing loudness, ability of repeating a voice at the same frequency, ability of repeating a rhythmic pattern he heard and ability of repeating a tune he heard at the same frequency and rhythmic pattern. In order to increase the internal reliability of the test, two questions were formulated for each criterion. Subsequently, the test was applied to 72 prospective students in the second year of the Department of Classroom Teaching. In the third stage of the research, the data obtained from the test was analyzed and the results were displayed in frequency-percentage tables. According to the results, prospective students were successful on the first question for the ''ability of distinguishing pitches (low-high)” with a rate of 62.5% and on the second question successful with a rate of 63.8%. The majority of applicants were not successful on the first question for “the ability of repeating a voice at the same frequency” test with a failure rate of 82.9 and an 88.9% failure rate on the second one. Applicants were successful on the first question for the “ability of repeating a rhythmic pattern they heard” with a rate of 47.2%, failed with 52.8%, and were successful with a rate of 73.7%, failed with a rate of 26.3% in the second question. Applicants were successful in the first question of “ability of repeating a tune they heard at the same frequency and rhythmic pattern” with a rate of 8.3%, failed with a rate of 91.7%, and were successful with a rate of 12.5%, failed with a rate of 87.5% in the second question. The results were correlated to the activities aimed at achieving the objectives of the 1st stage (1-4) classes in the Ministry of Education Music Teaching Program (2018) and it was determined that prospective classroom teachers do not have the necessary musical hearing ability especially for the activities in the field of application. Subsequently, the research was reported.

TÜRK RESİM SANATI TARİHİNDE İLK VE ÖNCÜ KADIN SANATÇI MİHRİ MÜŞFİK

Leyla ÖNEN — 2024-10-28

In the 19th century, reforms took place in many areas with the Westernization movement known in the last period of the Ottoman Empire. There was a development in the western axis in the political, social, cultural and artistic fields. There have been many positive developments in women's education and social equality. With the inclination of elite and highly educated women to art, women started to take part in artistic and cultural activities. During this period, Mihri Mushfik (1886-1954) was one of the first artists in the art of painting with pioneering steps. Mihri Hanım played an important role in the development of contemporary Turkish painting by coping with the difficulties of being a woman in the turbulent times of the Ottoman Empire. In this study, it is aimed to examine the life and works of Mihri Mushfik, one of the leading women of contemporary Turkish painting, based on the political, social and cultural events of the period she lived. The study covers the years between 1886 and 1954.This study is based on the effects of the events that took place in the Ottoman period and the years after the proclamation of the Turkish Republic on the artist's art. In the study, the works of the artist, which were formed with the effects of Western art, were discussed. In this study, it is tried to determine the place of women in contemporary Turkish painting in the example of Mihri Mushfik. The fact that the name of the artist, who struggles with the problems caused by gender inequality, is included in few sources reveals the importance of the work. This research was created by qualitative research method. The descriptive-scanning method was used in the research. In this study, information about the artistic production process and activity of the artist was obtained by the method of literature review. Work images of the artist were included as the material of the research.

THE RELTIONSHIP BETWEEN IDENTITY AND DESIGN IN DIGITAL PORTFOLIOS

Serpil KAPTAN — 2024-10-28

It may be observed that both business life and conditions got hard for the workers in the world where the entire world has turned into a single market and competition has become global. For the people who work in the processes of creative labor, creating ideas in best way throughout those processes and concretizing the processes is extremely important. It is also important that the individuals who work in the fields such as designing, art, architecture and engineering present their products to the employees and possible target groups as well as they conduct their production in our current world. The importance which reading gains in parallel to the development of capitalism has enforced workers to express themselves more frequently. Within this context, individual presentation files or portfolios, in other words have gained importance in the business life. Portfolios are produced to reveal the professional competencies and identity of the person. Portfolios are works in which the relationship between content and form should be applied in artistic context. In this respect, the portfolio produced can be considered as the artistic expression of the people. İn the other hand, portfolios are indisputably related to the concepts of individual identity, self and personal brand. In this with study, the relationships between the portfolios which are digitally prepared these days and the identity of the workers were analyzed. Digital portfolios are now included in the mass communication field. For this reason, they create a complex communication and design process. The objective of the study is to establish a relationship between the processes of graphic design and the concepts of individual identity, individuality and personal trademark in the portfolios that have been objectified. In this sense, the method of literature review was conducted throughout an inter-disciplinary perspective. The study searches the processes of graphic design of the portfolios which are digitally prepared in different platforms and forms.

THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT STUDY HABITS OF FINE ARTS HIGH SCHOOL CELLO STUDENTS ON MUSICAL INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE SELF-EFFICACY BELIEF

Ceren ALBAYRAKDamla BULUT — 2024-10-28

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of individual musical instrument study habits of Fine Arts High School cello students on musical instrument performance self-efficacy belief. In this research descriptive general survey model was used. The sample of the research is comprised of 128 cello students studying at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th grades of 14 Fine Arts High School chosen with maximum variation sampling method of purposive sampling methods from several provinces located in 7 regions of Turkey.As data collection tool, firstly, “Personal Information Form” was used to obtain information about students demographic characteristics. In order to determine musical instrument study habits related to individual musical instrument subject,“Individual Musical Instrument Study Habits Scale” developed by Küçükosmanoğlu, Babacan, Babacan and Yüksel (2016) in 2014-2015 Academic Year and in order to determine musical instrument performance self-efficacy levels, “Musical Instrument Performance Self-Efficacy Belief Scale” dveloped by Girgin (2015) were used. The effect of individual musical instrument study habits of cello students participating in the research on musical instrument performance self-efficacy belief was examined in terms of several variables. It was determined that the effect of individual musical instrument study habits of Fine Arts High School cello students on musical instrument performance self-efficacy belief was positve. When we examined the effect of individual musical instrument study habits of Fine Arts High School cello students on musical instrument performance self-efficacy belief according to the variables, it was determined that there were significant differences in gender and study time variables and no differentiation in the variables of their class levels and the region they study in.

RABÎ’ B. HABÎB’S (D. 175/791) METHOD OF INTERPRETING HADITH RELATED TO FAITH

Ahmet ÖZDEMİR — 2024-10-28

Rabî 'b. Habib (d. 175/791) was one of the early hadith scholars of the Ibadiyya school. The work named al-Câmiu's-Sahîh, which is the oldest hadith book of the Ibadiyya madhhab, also belongs to him. In this work, he has included information on many subjects such as belief, worship, morality, manners, and sirah. Particularly in the third volume of the work, creed debates such as the attributes of God, the nature of faith, blasphemy, shirk, and the state of the person who committed major sins are included. Rabî 'b. Habib included many verses, hadiths and the views of the Companions in order to support his opinion in his discussions on religious issues with his opponents. Rabî b. The method followed by Habib on the relevant issues, on the one hand, reveals the effect of the scientific discussions and hadiths of the relevant period on the understanding and interpretation of the hadiths, on the other hand, sheds light on the effect of sect devotion on the interpretation of the verses. The aforementioned discussions are also in Rabi b. It is also important in terms of revealing the view of the Ibadiyya sect, which Habib is a part of, towards religious observances. In this context, this study, which will shed light on the degree of accuracy of the general opinion that "Hâricîs have generally understood the religious texts superficially and externally", is Ibadî muhaddis Rabî's b. It will shed light on Habib's approach to hadiths related to belief. In addition, in this study Rabî 'b. The nature of the issues that Habib discussed in his work, the general characteristics of the narrations he used as evidence, and the method and methodology of evaluating the hadiths in question will be revealed.

EVALUATING OF THE USE OF LARGE-SCALE BUILDINGS BUILT BEFORE THE 20TH CENTURY WITH NEW FUNCTIONS AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONSERVATION HISTORY

Saadet Mutlu KAYTANCan Şakir BİNAN — 2024-10-28

The process of modernization and renewal was started with the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. The newly established state had started to form a different organizational and administrative functioning. These modernization movements had also been seen in the architectural and cultural environment. One of the consequences of this change is the need for a series of large-scale structures in the urban area within the framework of new needs. In cases where the state's new building program was restricted by situations such as budget constraints and construction works could not be carried out, re-use of the buildings built in previous periods came into agenda. These structures, which were not regarded as architectural heritage in the first years of the Republic, were reused with new functions at that period, in order to meet the new structure requirements. These structures, which were built in the past but were not considered as cultural assets at the time of their allocation, are considered as architectural heritage today. Therefore, these structures should be examined within the framework of a different perspective. Within the scope of this study, large-scale structures that were built before 20^th century and re-used in a way other than its original function after the establishment of the Republic were identified across Turkey through the institution’s archives, and the areas in the province of Istanbul were examined on site. The allocation date, original and new functions of the buildings have been examined, the cases where the features of architectural implementations made within the scope of functionalization were included in the correspondences have been investigated. The practices carried out in these buildings were tried to be evaluated in terms of conservation history and the perspectives on the buildings were examined in this direction. It has been determined that the process resulting in the allocation and re-functioning of the buildings, which are considered as historical today, was reflected in the documents, this situation accelerated with the establishment of the Republic, and both the allocation of cultural assets and the acquisition of new functions intensified in the period until the 1980s. In this context, the research process was initiated with the establishment of the Republic and terminated in the 1980s. In the study, the cases of allocation of buildings have been investigated specifically in documents within the context of Turkey’s political, social and architectural environment from the first years of the Republic to the 1980s, and the framework of the interventions made within the scope of allocations of the large-scale structures with new function has been tried to be drawn in the context of conservation theory and history.

STANDARDIZED HOUSING PRODUCTION IN BAUHAUS AND UNDERSTANDING OF STANDARDS IN LIVING SPACES THAT ARE CONTINUING UNTIL TODAY

Lale ŞAŞMAZ ÖZDÖLNur URFALIOĞLU — 2024-10-28

The understanding of standardization in design and production started to gain importance with the modern architectural style in the early 1920s. The demand for standardization in this period aims to facilitate many design methods in order to speeding up the norm and order processes. With the establishment of the Bauhaus school, important contributions to art and architectural education have been made. During the persistence of Bauhaus education and even after Bauhaus, the understanding of modern architecture left influencing traces in architectural understanding. Norms that are reflected in Bauhaus education pretend specific regulations which are still part of our lives. This new regulations and even patents were important indications of standardization processes in the Bauhaus period. In order to reach the standard, methods such as typing and determined processes have been applied especially in housing production. The design of personalized living space is developed by determining personal needs in living units. In this context, minimal living spaces were created based on human scale. In the course of standardization and its reference to the modern living style, housing types have been described the transformation into a ´machine for living´ and further this typology is related to the concept of social housing. Apart from the Bauhaus school, architects such as Le Corbusier and Neufert contributed to the standardization of living spaces by developing norms based on the human scale. In this study, the typology, methods and perspectives in living spaces in terms of the Bauhaus thought, and the development of standardization in personal living spaces will be examined.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS IN THE CITY OF UNYE

Barış TAŞAli YAMAK — 2024-10-28

Settlements are among the important tangible assets that show humanity and their activities in every period of history. Geography, examines all settlements from different aspects within the scope of settlement geography. The settlement geography is systematically divided into two subdivisions as rural and urban settlements. In this study, which is handled within the scope of urban settlements, Ünye city, which has developed industrial and commercial functions, has been examined. Being the center of a district area of Ordu province, Ünye is a city settlement that is the center of the surrounding settlements in terms of its functions. Industry and trade are the most dominant function in urban settlements. In this context, Ünye is a developed city settlement in terms of industrial and commercial functions. However, industrial and commercial functions differ in terms of spatial in Ünye city. In the study, these differences were revealed in line with the basic principles of geography. With the help of Geographical Information Systems, field observations and qualitative and qua titative analysis methods, industry and trade function areas in Ünye were analyzed. The most important finding reached in the study is that the industrial and commercial areas are located in different places in the city. While commercial areas were gathered in the city center, industrial areas developed in places other than residential areas, where road transport can be easily realized. It is thought that such studies will contribute to decision-makers in the sustainable development of the cities, in planning how and in what direction the industrial and commercial areas should develop.

HOW DO THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PERCEPTIONS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS STUDENTS DIFFER FROM DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES?

Hidaye Aydan (SİLKÜ) BİLGİLER — 2024-10-28

Purpose: This study aimed to measure whether the perceptions of public relations and publicity department students differ by class, age, gender and whether they know Turkey Isbank’s new projects or not. Findings: As a result of the evaluation of the data, it has been revealed that public relations students, despite being aware of the activities carried out by the institution, did not have enough information about the first project within the social responsibility projects of 2018. In addition, the perceptions of public relations students towards the institution differed in terms of various variables. This difference is as follows: while students' perceptions about the institution differed according to their awareness of the new project of the class and the institution, there was no difference in their perceptions according to gender and age. Originality/value: The value of this study is that it is carried out on university youth based on the assumption that young consumers may have a high level of social responsibility awareness.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND EXPECTATION: AN APPLICATION WITH PROBITREGRESSION ANALYSIS

Furkan Fahri ALTINTAŞ — 2024-10-28

R&D, innovation and technology activities alone do not make sense in keeping the environment in the environment and achieving competitive advantages. In addition, businesses are required to provide policies, strategies, initiatives, developments and managements aimed at ensuring customer satisfaction and meeting customer expectations. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine the probability values of customer satisfaction variables to be met by probit analysis in meeting the customer expectations within the framework of the perceptions of customers from 3 service sectors in the West Black Sea region. In the research, firstly, compliance analysis was conducted to test the suitability of the data for probit analysis. According to the results of the compliance analysis, 12 models provided within the framework of meeting the expectations were found suitable for probit analysis. Secondly, 24 probit equations were created based on the parameters of female and male customers within the scope of the demographic structure. According to the findings, it was determined that the satisfaction probability values of satisfaction variables were high for all satisfaction variables and that there were no significant differences between the expectations probability values of customers' expectations. . Again, according to the findings, it was determined that the probability values of male customers to meet their expectations compared to female customers were higher than all satisfaction variables, but there were no significant differences between female and male customers. In the continuation of the findings, among the 12 satisfaction variables, the most likely variable to meet the expectations of male and female customers was "priority thinking of customer interests" and the least variable was "reliability of companies".

THE DEVELOPMENT OFADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM BASED MICROSOFT ACCESS 2016 (SIAMAR PONTREN) IN ISLAMIC BOARDINGSCHOOLAT MALANG CITY

Madziatul CHURIYAHNikmatul FİTRİYAH — 2024-10-28

This development and research aim to produce applications for archiving storage of incoming and outgoing mail. The name of the application is SIAMAR PONTREN. The research was conducted at Al-Ishlahiyah Islamic Boarding School, Malang City. The type of research method used is Research and Development. This research uses quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained from the results of media validation questionnaires and user trials. Qualitative data were obtained from suggestions and comments provided by media expert validators and users. The results of the evaluation of quantitative trials that have been managed show that 83% of the products are feasible to be tested. And 95% of the quantitative results show that the product is effective.

AN EVALUATION ON THE USE OF SOVEREIGNTY IN DEMOCRATIC STATES

Hasan YILMAZ — 2024-10-28

One of the means by which the state establishes a basis for legitimacy in the social structure and derives its strength from it is sovereignty. The structure that holds the power, dominates, establishes authority; It can shape the society in accordance with the current order with the authority and power given by being a supreme authority. Regardless of its source, sovereignty can come to life in the hands of a power. In democratic states, the people themselves determine the power for certain periods. Voters make these decisions in a pluralistic approach in line with their rights protected by law. However, even if it is democratic, some problems may arise in current democracy practices. Problems such as the acceptance of a certain part of the society as voters on the condition of age and nationality in general, the ways in which the political rights and demands of the citizens who do not participate in the elections will be met, the declarations and programs of the existing political parties are not met in a certain part of the society. In addition, problematic issues such as how the rights and demands of minorities are reflected in the practice, the situation of the ruling party voters not accepting the decision taken by the ruling party affect the use of sovereignty regardless of the type of democracy. This study discusses the sovereign right and power relations in a democratic state, the emphasis has been given to issues that may arise when using the right of people's sovereignty.

TECHNOLOGY AND TEACHING: TEACHERS 'APPLICATION AND OPINIONS

Hülya TERCANPınar BAYHAN — 2024-10-28

Purpose: Now children open their eyes to a cyber-world that will result in different experiences and opportunities. This means that children have been actively using technology since early childhood. Considering these, the importance of teachers' thoughts about the use and integration of technology in the classroom in early childhood is emerging. The aim of this study is to examine the ideas of teachers working in preschool education institutions about technology usage and integration of technology in the classroom. Method: In this study, in order to obtain appropriate data, a quantitative research method was used. The study was conducted with preschool teachers working in preschools in Ankara. General Information Form and Technology Integration Opinion Form of Preschool Teachers' were used as data collection tools. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Descriptive analysis is used in the statistics of data. Findings: When the findings of the study were examined, it was found that the majority of the teachers did not receive any training about the use and integration of technology in the classroom, but the majority of them used technological devices in their activities. While most teachers do not use any program to prepare activities, they still need an in-class internet connection. It was determined that teachers needed computers most of the technological tools. Although teachers find the use of technology necessary for children's learning and development, they find it inconvenient that children are intertwined with technology. Implications for Research and Practice: It is thought that this research will play an important role in promoting the use of healthy technology by revealing what educators think about the use and integration of digital technology with children. It is also thought that this study can guide future research on the use of in-class technologies to achieve certain learning objectives.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS RELATED INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES

Özge ÖZTÜRKYusuf Cemalettin ÇOPUROĞLU — 2024-10-28

Innovation concept, which is used frequently today, mean not only new products but also commercializable, money-saving new products. Innovative entrepreneurship play an important role in the development of countries. Innovative entrepreneurs constantly develop innovation, such as new products, new markets, new production processes or new organizations. Metacognitive awareness of innovative entrepreneurship is the awareness of one's own thinking processes and managing these processes. As the metacognitive awareness is high, the tendency of the person on this issue will increase. For this reason, it is necessary to regulate the media features in a way that supports awareness of innovative entrepreneurship. This information has been the starting point of our study. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between university students' metacognitive awareness of innovative entrepreneurship and their environment characteristics. In this study, environment features were tried to investigate in two sub-factors as supports and obstacles. In addition, the scale used to determine metacognitive awareness of innovative entrepreneurship was tried to be measured in four sub-dimensions as estimation, planning, monitoring and evaluation. 1660 senior students studying at 12 universities in 10 provinces in various regions of Turkey have participated to the research. The data obtained in the study were analyzed by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 program. According to the analysis results of the data collected in the research, when the correlation coefficients of the research variables were analyzed, it was found that there was a statistically significant and positively correlated (r = 0.408; p <0.05) relationship between the metacognitive awareness scale of innovative entrepreneurship and the scale for determining the environment characteristics. As a result of this study, it was concluded that we should increase the supporting factors in their environment in order to increase the metacognitive awareness of university students on innovative entrepreneurship.

HÂCE NASÎRÜDDÎN TUSÎ'S ASSISTANTS AND STUDENTS IN MERAGA OBSERVATORY

Özkan DAYI — 2024-10-28

We can say that with the arrival of Hülegü to the Near East geography since 1256, the Ilkhanid dynasty began to dominate this region. One of the important figures in the history of Ilhanli, Hâce Nasîrüddîn Ebû Ca‘fer Muhammed b. Hasan Tusî (1198-1273) has an significant influence on the formation of the scientific staff of the Ilkhanid state as well as the establishment of the Ilkhanid state. It is known that Hâce Nasîrüddîn Tûsî, who created an observatory, library and education center in Meraga with the support of Hülegü, carried out important studies that shaped the history of science with some scholars and distinguished students who were his assistants of educational activities and scientific studies. The students who got the education of Hâce Nasîrüddîn Tûsî, appeared as scholars who enriched the science World of the Ilkhanid state after the death of Tûsî. In our study, we will touch on the scholars who worked under the leadership of Hâce Nasîrüddîn Tûsî, who helped him at the Meraga observatory and the students who received education from Hâce Nasîrüddîn Tusî. By conveying detailed information about these people, we aim to explain their scientific activities, resumes, works and their place in the Ilhanli scientific world and to depict the scientific situation of the Ilhanli country. In our research by using the source works and biography books of the period, we will introduce the scientific committee which isn’t sufficiently known of Hâce Nasîrüddîn Tûsî who many studies have been done about him and the selected student community that was educated by Tûsî. The main subject of our article is created by the scientists around Hâce Nasîrüddîn Tûsî.

FROM THE PEN OF DR. THAIN CYRUS HAMLIN AS A MISSIONARY AND HIS MISSION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE THROUGH THE EYES OF BOARD’S PERSPECTIVE

Turgut KARAÇOBAN — 2024-10-28

Cyrus Hamlin is a missionary sent to Ottoman lands in 1829 by the "American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions" (ABCFM). However, this definition is very inadequate because Cyrus Hamlin is not an ordinary missionary. From the moment he came to Istanbul, the capital city of the Ottoman Empire, he not only did missionary activities but also carried out many different works in many distinct fields. He sometimes acted as a missionary teacher, sometimes as an artist and sometimes as a merchant. In short, he preferred to be a man of action rather than an ordinary missionary. Despite this fact, Hamlin sees all his work within the boundaries of missionary and even regards it as a sine qua non of the missionary. For Hamlin, missionary is huge cause he believes in his cause and has done everything he does for the sake of it. The educational activities and commercial initiatives he carried out in the Ottoman Empire were not adopted by the American Board, and he often drew its reaction. Drawing an exceptional missionary profile, Hamlin has been in a constant struggle with Turkish bureaucracy and other Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire. After officially cutting off his relationship with the American Board, Hamlin founded Robert College and continued his missionary activities by this college. Our study deals with the article "The Biography of Cyrus Hamlin as a Missionary" published in a magazine of the American Board. This article written by Dr Thain is significant in terms of praising the life and activities of Cyrus Hamlin, a member of ABCFM by which he had previously criticized. Dr Thain's narrative was presented to the reader by mixing the pieces of information in the two books written by Cyrus Hamlin.