The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Year 2022 Issue Year: 15 - Number: 89

SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHER CANDIDATES' VIEWS ON CONTROVERSIAL TOPICS AND TEACHING

Alev AYNUZHatice MEMİŞOĞLU — 2024-10-28

Issues that cannot reach a clear conclusion in the society, divide the society into two and cause differences of opinion which are called controversial issues. Controversial issues can be encountered in all areas of life like political, religious, social and etc. These issues, which are related to many areas, also affect the society. For this reason, opinions of teacher candidates on controversial issues are important. The aim of the study is to examine the opinions of social studies teacher candidates about teaching controversial subjects. The phenomenology (fenemonoji) pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group of the research; It consists of 38 teacher candidates studying at the 4th grade level. Teacher candidates were determined by criterion sampling method.The data were collected with a semi-structured interview form from 4th grade teacher candidates. The analysis of the research was done with the descriptive analysis technique. Appropriate categories were created depending on the opinions of the teacher candidates. The same procedures were carried out by two field experts. The categories created by the researchers were compared and the percentages of agreement were calculated.The agreement percentage was found to be 90.80 in total. Opinions are presented in table form. Direct quotations are given under the tables and they are discussed with researches. According to the results of the research, the concept of controversial issues by social studies teacher candidates; Although most often defined as relative issues, controversial issues; It was stated that it has the characteristic of having diversity of opinion and it is important in terms of gaining skills. According to social studies teacher candidates, the most controversial subject is economics.During the teaching of controversial topics, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of regular and impartial discussion management. The lack of discussion culture (etiquette) in the teaching of controversial issues was seen as a problem. When the statements of the pre-service teachers are examined, it is seen that "creating a democratic environment" is the most common solution to the problems experienced in teaching controversial subjects.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL SATISFACTION AND LIFE SATISFACTION

Yavuz Ercan GÜLBeyza Nur KOŞAN — 2024-10-28

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the school satisfaction and life satisfaction levels of university students. While school satisfaction expresses a general evaluation of students for their school, it also shows how satisfied they are with their university. Many factors such as university building, technological facilities, physical condition, academician behavior, dormitory and cafeteria facilities affect students' satisfaction with their university. Life satisfaction, on the other hand, is the positive or negative evaluation of the degree to which an individual is satisfied with his or her whole life. In other words, it expresses the difference between what an individual wants to achieve and what he has achieved. The participants of the study consisted of 176 university students. The study was carried out based on the relational screening method within the scope of the quantitative approach. In this descriptive study, students' university satisfaction and life satisfaction were described. As a result of the research, it was seen that the students were satisfied with their university, but they evaluated their lives as moderately satisfied. There is a highly positive and significant relationship between school satisfaction and life satisfaction. In other words, as students' life satisfaction increases, their university satisfaction also increases. Another result of the research is that life satisfaction is an important predictor of school satisfaction. In addition, it was determined that the school satisfaction of the students differed statistically significantly according to the age variable, and there was no significant difference according to the class and gender variable. It was concluded that life satisfaction did not differ statistically according to age, class and gender.

EXAMINATION OF MANAGERIAL PRACTICES OF SCHOOLS IMPLEMENTING PROJECTS (PROJECT SCHOOLS) IN TERMS OF SCHOOL-CENTERED MANAGEMENT

Hamza YILMAZTÜRKAydın BALYER — 2024-10-28

Schools (project schools) implementing special programs or projects have emerged as a new method in Turkish national education. The fact that these schools accept students especially by exam and most importantly that their teachers and administrators are selected by these schools have brought these schools to an important position. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the managerial practices of project schools from the perspective of school-centered management. Qualitative research methods and techniques and phenomenology design were used in the study. The working group is the managers of project schools from different school types in Istanbul. Selective sampling method, which is a purposeful sampling type, was used while selecting these managers. The interview form created with the semi-structured interview technique was used to collect the data. Themes, sub-themes and codes were created using qualitative research methods and techniques, and analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The expected results from the study are to meet the expectation of increasing the authorities of the project school managers in proportion to their responsibilities, another result is that the expected success cannot be achieved as a result of the contradiction of the theoretical practices and objectives of the project schools with the reality, and finally, the request for the regulation of project schools by opening more space for the scope of authority, unlike the regulations of other schools. It can be suggested that the project school regulations should be revised in favor of schools in order to meet social expectations and increase success in terms of authority and school-centered management.

THE EFFECTS OF TEACHING 3th GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL LIFE SCIENCE LESSON ON STUDENTS ATTITUDES AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT BY USING DUNN AND DUNN LEARNING STYLE MODEL

Nadire GÜNEŞGülay BEDİR — 2024-10-28

The objective of education is to contribute to the child's adaptation to his/her environment and success, and to ensure that s/he continues his/her life as a happy individual by taking active roles in the life cycle. Life sciences course is regarded as the first to realize this in the primary school of education life. In this regard, Life sciences course prepares the child for life and provides them for acquiring a social identity. The individual interacts with his/her environment throughout his/her life and performs learning activities as a result of this information exchange. Learning is an activity that proceeds throughout an individual's life. The concept of learning style, which refers to the ways that the person prefers during learning activities, has a significant role in teaching activities. This research employed Dunn and Dunn learning style model in Primary School 3rd Grade Life Sciences course based upon the idea that there would be positive changes in their attitudes towards the course by taking their preferred learning paths during their education into account. The research was conducted with 3/A and 3/C students who learn at a primary school located within the central district of Adıyaman during the second term of 2019-2020 academic year. Pretest-posttest control and experimental group design was used in the current research. In the study, which was assumed to be equivalent in terms of attitudes towards the course, student participation was ensured in the experiment (n =30) and control (30) groups. The lessons were conducted with the experimental group through use of the Dunn and Dunn learning style model, while the traditional methods were used for the lesson in the control group. Life Sciences Attitude Scale Academic Achievement Test were deployed to measure the change in students. The data were analyzed via a statistical package program. The research findings revealed that conducting the Primary School 3rd Grade Life Sciences course through using the Dunn and Dunn Learning Style model contributed to the development of a positive attitude towards the course and increasing their academic success the lesson.

PRISONED MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN: DEVELOPMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, RISKS AND DIFFICULTIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Hülya TERCANÇiğdem AYTEKİN — 2024-10-28

It is known that parental confinement, which can be experienced for any reason, is a situation that creates intense stress on children and young people. This intense stress continues throughout the period of parental confinement, and there are some developmental consequences and risks in early childhood, especially as a result of the disruptions experienced in the relationship between the child and the caregiver. Housing and economic problems that can be experienced after parental confinement, social labeling or pressure to keep this situation secret, and most importantly, the uncertainty of having a parent who is psychologically present but physically absent are examples of certain difficulties that can be experienced during this period. This review study is structured to present a general framework regarding the environmental deprivation, developmental outcomes and risks of early childhood children whose mothers are in prison, as well as to discuss some possible effects of parental confinement and forced separation from their mothers in early childhood in Turkey and in the world. Within the scope of the study, some research articles, compilation articles and thesis studies on the subject were examined, and in this direction, the opinions presented on the subject in the field were tried to be included. As a result of the studies reached, the outputs of imprisoned mothers and children were presented by evaluating the main headings of attachment theory, environmental deprivation and protective factors, and some suggestions were made for future research.

EXAMINING CLASSROOM TEACHERS' 21ST CENTURY LEARNING SKILLS

Yalçın KARALIGökhan COŞANAY — 2024-10-28

Global developments and changes in the 21st century have affected many areas, especially information and communication technologies. As a result of these developments, there have been differences in the lifestyles and needs of societies. In order for individuals to adapt to these differences and meet the needs of the age, important changes have been made in education systems. At the first of these changes are the updating of education programs and the skills that teachers, who are both teachers and learners of the 21st century, should have. The aim of this study is to determine the level of use of 21st century learning skills required by the age we live in and to examine the level of use of these skills in terms of gender, graduation status and professional preference variables. In the study, the relational screening model was used in the quantitative research approach. Simple random sampling method was used in the research and the research scale was applied to 269 primary school teachers. The collected data were analyzed in the SPSS 22.0 program. Since the research data did not show a normal distribution, Mann-Whitney U tests were used for two-category variables and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for three or more categories. As a result of the study, it was understood that the classroom teachers' use of 21st century learning skills was at a good level. It was seen that the highest level of use among the sub-dimensions of 21st century learning skills belonged to "cognitive skills". In addition, while there is no difference in 21st century learning skills sub-dimensions according to gender and graduation status, according to vocational preference; It was observed that there was a significant difference in cognitive, cooperation and flexibility, and innovativeness skills.

MORPHOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS IN MEANING OF THE ARABIC SENTENCE

Muhammet Selim İPEK — 2024-10-28

Morphology, which means "to change" in terms of dictionary, examines the forms of words in the language as a grammar concept; It is a grammatical concept that examines the rules at the point of deriving words with different meanings from that word. In other words, morphology studies the methods of word derivation. For example, from the verb كتب (write), words such as كاتب (writter), مكتوب (written), مكتب (office), مكتبة (library), كتابي (written), كتيبة (recorded), مِكتاب (typewriter) are derived. Although the root meaning of all these words is "to write", each word contains a different meaning. Some are verbs, some are nouns, some are adjectives. Again, in terms of gender, they are in masculine or feminine form. With these aspects, knowing these morphological structures of words in Arabic enables them to be meaningfully associated with the nouns before or after the sentence, which is an important presumption in determining the meaning in the sentence. As the Arab syntaxists say, the knowledge of morphology comes before the knowledge of syntax in language learning. They described morphology as the mother of sciences and showed this science as a starting point and also as a source and starting point for other sciences. They also emphasized that the person who does not know the science of consumables has lost a great deal and explained them with examples. In this study, it has been focused on the role of morphology and thus the morphological structure of the word in determining the meaning in the sentence, and it has been tried to show how important it is in determining the meaning with the different morphological structure of the same word in a sentence.

CASTRATION, IMPOTENCE, AND RECLAIMING MASCULINITY IN KEN KESEY’ S ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO’S NEST

Fikret GÜVEN — 2024-10-28

The decades following Second World War witnessed rapid changes in social, economic, and political life in American society. The war took its toll on the psyche of survivors while the post-war era produced a generation seeking peace and solace from the horrible experiences of past. The desperate need for peace and serenity along with an unparalleled economic growth caused the public to accept dictated values unquestioningly. While the dissident voices were repressed, devotion to the sameness became the general norm of the modern society. Ken Kesey’s novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1962) reflects the post-war suppression of individuality. The story revolves around the Chief Bromden’s harrowing experiences in hospital ward where he was formerly reduced to a shadow at the hands of strict hospital staff. All the patients in the hospital are afraid of authority figures, especially Nurse Ratched. She exercises a complete authority over them by restricting access to their medication and other basic needs. All the patients have submitted to their authority without any protest. With the introduction of Randle McMurphy, the Nurse’s influence comes to a gradual end. McMurphy acts as a surrogate father and helps patients to reclaim their masculinity. The fragile Chief Bromden goes through a mental maturation and escapes from the hospital. In reclaiming his masculinity, the Chief rejects the social expectations which parallels with the changes that took place in the aftermath of war in America. The post-war society, which was dominated by conformist ideals that crushed individuality, Chief achieves the outside world to acknowledge his individuality and joins the community as a reformed individual. The underlying reasons of Chief Bromden’ s problems, his delusional fantasy of perceiving society as a threat, the emasculating treatments of the Big Nurse, and McMurphy’s role in reclaiming the chief’s masculinity will also be analyzed.

THOUGHTS ON A POETİC FOLK STORY WRİTTEN İN LATE CHAGATAİ TURKİSH

Mehmet Mustafa KARACA — 2024-10-28

Throughout history, societies have felt the need to transfer the events that left important traces in their lives from generation to generation in various ways. One of the most important and widespread of these transfer methods is folk tales. “Cühûd”, which is understood to have been written in the late Chagatai Turkish based on its linguistic features, is a folk story in verse with a religious theme. Folk stories are one of the most popular literary genres in society. Many examples of this literary genre, which are frequently encountered especially in the Anatolian field, written in other dialects of Turkish, have survived to the present day, both orally and in writing. Folk stories, which were told and attracted attention among the ordinary people, also contributed significantly to the continuity of folk culture and its transfer from generation to generation. In addition, the fact that folk tales were mostly written by people who do not have full knowledge of Arabic and Persian, based on a spoken language far from artistic concern, and were compiled from among the people, made these works more valuable in terms of reflecting both the linguistic characteristics and cultural elements of the period, and in this respect, they gave researchers a rich language and language. provided cultural material. In this article, a folk story that appears to have been written in the late period Chagatai Turkish, located between pages 29b-33a of the journal registered under the name Teḏkīre'i Sulṭān Satūq Būġrāḥan, numbered Ms. or. oct. 1723 in the Berlin Staatsbibliothek Library, was transferred through transcription and the story was examined in terms of language and spelling features.

DIE KRIEGSSPUREN IN DER KURZGESCHICHTE “NACHTS SCHLAFEN DIE RATTEN DOCH” VON WOLFGANG BORCHERT

Merve KARABULUT — 2024-10-28

Die Menschen, die den Zweiten Weltkrieg und seine Folgen miterlebt haben, haben sehr schwierige Zeiten durchgemacht. Wolfgang Borchert ist auch ein Schriftsteller, der den Zweiten Weltkrieg als Zivilist, Soldat und Gefangener erlebte und all die Negativitäten miterlebte, die der Krieg mit sich brachte. Er ist einer der wichtigsten/anerkannten Autoren/Vertreter der Trümmer-/Nachkriegsliteratur, die nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg entstand und geprägt war von der Zerstörung von Städten, dem Auseinanderbrechen von Familien und den Traumata des Krieges. Er ist einer der erfolgreichsten und meistgelesenen Autoren der Trümmerliteratur. Als bedeutender Schriftsteller prägte er die Nachkriegsliteratur. Er macht in seinem kurzen Leben (26 Jahre) schwierige Erfahrungen. Daher kann man sagen, dass er meist über den Zweiten Weltkrieg und die Spuren und Zerstörungen des Krieges schrieb oder der Krieg das Hauptthema seines literarischen Schaffens darstellt. Seine literarische Welt basiert auf dieser Zeit, seiner inneren Welt und dem Krieg im Allgemeinen. Die Zerstörung des Krieges steht im Mittelpunkt seines Lebens und seiner Werken. Seine Kurzgeschichten, die er kurz, aber wirkungsvoll schrieb, lenken die Aufmerksamkeit der Leser auf sich. Die 1947 veröffentlichte Kurzgeschichte “Nachts schlafen die Ratten doch” von Wolfgang Borchert ist für ihn typisch/kennzeichnend. In dieser Kurzgeschichte, die literarisch in die Epoche der Trümmer/Nachkriegsliteratur einzuordnen ist, wird die Geschichte eines Jungen thematisch aufgegriffen, welcher in vom Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstörten Deutschland lebt. Ausgehend von dem Aufbau und Inhalt der Kurzgeschichte habe ich versucht, den Text zu untersuchen/analysieren. Außerdem werden die Hintergründe der auf den Trümmern erbauten Kurzgeschichte und die Spuren des Krieges in der Kurzgeschichte auch nicht nur im übertragenen Sinne, sondern wörtlich enthüllt. Abstract ^{The people who lived through the Second World War and its aftermath went through very difficult times. Wolfgang Borchert is also a writer who experienced World War II as a civilian, soldier and prisoner and witnessed all the negativity that war brought. He is one of the most important/recognized authors/representatives of the rubble/post-war literature that emerged after World War II and was shaped by the destruction of cities, the breakup of families and the trauma of war. He is one of the most successful and widely read authors of rubble literature. As an important writer, he shaped post-war literature. He has difficult experiences in his short life (26 years). Therefore, one can say that he mostly wrote about the Second World War and the traces and destruction of the war, or that the war is the main theme of his literary work. His literary world is based on that period, his inner world and war in general. The destruction of war is central to his life and works. His short stories, which he wrote short but effective, catch the attention of the readers.} ^{Wolfgang Borchert's 1947 short story "The Rats Sleep After All" is characteristic of him. This short story, which is classified as rubble/post-war literature, is about the story of a child living in Germany devastated by World War II. The short story is analyzed based on structure and content. In addition, the background of the short story built on the rubble and the traces of the war in the short story are not only revealed figuratively, but literally.} ^{Keywords: German Language and Literature, Wolfgang Borchert, Short Story, The Rats Sleep at Night, Post War Literature}

COLONIAL DEGRADATION IN CITIES OF SALT FROM FRANTZ FANON’S PERSPECTIVE

Özlem ULUCAN — 2024-10-28

Europe and North America can be regarded as the first colonial powers that come to mind to leave their mark across the globe in search of economic, political, and cultural dominance. Postcolonial theory and literature turned out to be the opportunity for the victims of this colonial order to express the colonial degradation stemming from the colonial order. As subjugated citizens of colonial order, both Frantz Fanon and Abdelrahman Munif, directly or indirectly, reflected their personal experiences in their works since they both witnessed the destructive economic, social, cultural, and psychological influences of colonial enterprises on the people. Accordingly, they raised against the injustices of the colonial order they encountered and both were exiled due to their marginal views. In Cities of Salt (1984), a petro-fiction novel, Munif narrates the colonial panorama of the Arabian Peninsula, beginning from the encounter with oil and proceeding with the disaster and transformation caused by the collaboration of native governors and Americans in search of the oil and its trade. Munif narrates how the discovery of oil in the oasis ceases both the desert landscape and the psyche of the inhabitants synchronically, providing a source of inspiration to this article to make a Fanonian analysis of the characters and events. Since, as a psychiatrist, philosopher, and author, Frantz Fanon is regarded among the pioneers of advocators of the subjugated in the world. Though Frantz Fanon’s socio-psychologic and socio-political detections seem to pertain to North Africans and Martinicans, he underlines that the general conclusions he reached about the behavior patterns of these people are the same as any other people people who are subjected to colonization. This article aims to re-evaluate the colonial degradation, trauma, and resistance in Cities of Salt from Fanon’s views on colonial heritage.

EXISTENTIALISM AND SAMUEL BECKETT’S WAITING FOR GODOT

Raşit ÇOLAK — 2024-10-28

As an approach existentialism defines human as an individual who thinks, acts, and feels. There are two types of beings in terms of freedom: being-as-an-object and being-as-a-subject. As for being-as-an-object, like a stone, human needs the other one’s existence to have a meaning. As for being-as-a-subject, free human ignores how other humans judge her/him. In terms of freedom, an individual makes choices, acts on them, and takes their responsibility. This study analyses Samuel Beckett’s “Waiting for Godot” (1948) according to existentialism based on the continuing relationship between the aspects of being-as-an-object and being-as-a-subject. In the play, Estragon and Vladimir wait endlessly for Godot by a leafless tree on a country road where nothing happens, nothing is certain, and there is nothing to do. Each character is considered being-as-an-object because of needing the other one for his existence. Every character is confined to a state of passivity and stagnancy by his own inability to act because he is literally the slave of another. Instead of communication, language is used as a means of spending time to express meaninglessness and absurdity of human condition. Human’s destiny is the postponed death, meaninglessness, and endless waiting surrounded by thought of death or suicide. The play depicts the lonely, alienated human condition in which humanity is doomed to be faced with absurdity of existence in lack of intrinsic purpose due to mental or philosophical limitation. The solution would be to make a choice and take action despite uncertainty.

L.N. TOLSTOY'S SEVASTOPOL STORIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CHERNYSHEVSKY'S CONCEPT OF

Duygu İKİSİVRİ AKDEMİR — 2024-10-28

“Dialectic of the soul” is a concept that emerged in the article of Russian literary reviewer, writer, revolutionary democrat, theorist Nikolay G. Chernyshevsky (1828-1889) in which he made his assessment about the literary creativity of Lev N. Tolstoy (1828-1910). This is the method of Chernyshevsky qualifies of the “dialectic” concept which is related to his own thought-world as a mutual feature of Tolstoy's creativity. As he was being interested in the process which emerged by the dynamics of the community he see that Tolstoy was focused on the psychological process which describes conflicts, contradictions, changes, and improvements that emerged on the human soul. He gave priority to studying the mentioned concept which was existed in Tolstoy's creativity with the theoretical approach of as a human the individual represents the community to which he belongs with behavior and psychology. The innovation which this concept states, to be explained of the psychological process itself and it is one of Tolstoy’s psychological analysis methods who is a pioneer of Russian literature. Tolstoy, especially in the early periods of his literary creativity, concentrated on human psychology and war stories in his works. This is proof of his detailed investigation of the human soul. He describes the human soul as a whole that contains a lot of contradictions and harmonious features and is comprehensive with all dimensions. While Tolstoy describes the psychological process of his heroes in detail in his Sevastopol Stories, he prefer to act with the method of telling the whole with every parts of it. The author puts forward the idea that a human can be both good and bad. Within the scope of our study, the emergence of the concept of "dialectic of the soul" used by Chernyshevsky will be explained, similar expressions of Tolstoy’s world of thought that match with the concept will be shown, and the features of psychological analysis around this concept will be examined based of the Sevastopol Stories of the author. By scrutinizing the transformation of the human soul during the process, which Tolstoy tells in the stories, it will be reached that the creativity matches the concept of "dialectic of the soul".

A NOVEL AT THE CROSSING OF LITERATURE AND SOCIOLOGY: YEDİÇINAR YAYLASI

Nevzat AĞÇAKAYAAbdulsemet AYDENİZ — 2024-10-28

Literature is the language of society. The individuals, the social environment they live in and social events are presented to the reader in a fictional pattern through literature. Literary texts can handle an unlimited number of social and historical events over a wide period of time. Literature, which somehow records the events in history, actually serves as a mirror to the society. In this respect, literature, and specifically novel, is realistic. Kemal Tahir, who played an important role in the formation and development of realistic novel in Turkey, on the one hand, tries to understand and explain the Anatolian people and the social structure of Anatolia through his works, and on the other hand, he portrays the historical periods and the social, political and cultural aspects of these periods. Yediçınar Yaylası, which is one of the novels rich in these issues, in general, touches on important historical and sociological arguments on the relationship between the centralised power and the rural in the Ottoman modernization process. Yediçınar Yaylası, which appears to discuss the social change, transformation and the reflexes of the rural against this change and transformation, in the process from the Tanzimat to the first period of the Republican Era, provides important information about socio-cultural, socio-economic and political organization. On the other hand, the study can be examined in the context of both literary sociology and historical sociology, as it deals with political and historical events such as the abolition of the Janissary Corps, the Tanzimat Edict and the Constitutional Monarchy as part of the structural reforms in the Ottoman modernization process, and the Egyptian Governor Mehmet Ali Pasha rebellion.

EVALUATION OF GREENWASHING ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABILITY: A CRITICAL VIEW

Duygu YILDIZ KARAKOÇEzgi KOVANCI — 2024-10-28

It has been seen that the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development, which draw attention to the rational use of natural resources and focus on the interaction between development and the environment, have been integrated into the strategies, visions and missions of companies since the 1970s. On the one hand, the business world has built its economic growth targets on sustainability, on the other hand, it has focused on green and environmentally friendly marketing practices with the increase in environmental protection awareness in the public. However, instead of making environmentally friendly production to avoid cost, companies' manipulation of this situation with false, misleading, deceptive or fraudulent content and advertisements has brought the concept of greenwashing to the agenda. Companies say that they adopt sustainability in their discourses act in the opposite direction and resort to green washing practices. Especially in recent years, due to the flexible and uncertain legal regulations, it is seen that companies do greenwashing more easily and frequently. Green washing practices, which are generally applied by companies and sometimes public institutions, cause negative effects on all dimensions of sustainability. In this context, the aim of the study is to reveal the possible effects of green washing practices by evaluating separately the three pillars of sustainability, environmental, economic and social sustainability, and embodying this on examples. As a result of the study, it has been predicted that greenwashing has negative effects on all dimensions of sustainability and it has been concluded that consumers, non-governmental organizations, media, environmental organizations can prevent greenwashing with their own efforts and binding public policies and legal regulations.

EFFECTS OF ‘PRE-PRODUCTION’ ON THE FILM AESTHETIC DURING FILM MAKING PROCESS

Ali Sait LİMAN — 2024-10-28

Film production has three main stages. These are pre-production, production and post production stages. In this study we have examined the effects of the “pre-production stage” on the other stages in terms of film aesthetic. As is understood from the definition and relation with technology, film narration is formed by cutting the story into divisions of scenes during the scenario phase in the process of pre-shooting and audiovisualizing the related scenes in the process of shooting and recombining available audiovisual materials by editting processes in post production stage in accordance with the story of the film. Thus, the story of the film which was an idea in the begining is written as scenario is now presented to the audiences as an audiovisual format in the final stage. Today film pre-production is getting more and more important in the production process characterising the aesthetic and technical conditions and effects of players in the film itself. Initially we have focussed on film production period and technical and aesthetical processes. Later on we tried to put forth the importance and influence of the pre-production in the process of film making. Thus it can be said that the pre-production stage is a determinative function in terms of film designing when basic and primeval decisions are being taken on the film for its technical and aesthetic quality.

ETUDE IN PIANO MUSIC BY FREDERIC CHOPIN AND FRANZ LISZT

Mehriban ALİYEVA — 2024-10-28

The Romantic period is defined as the "golden age" in which various types of art, especially music, reached an unprecedented peak. In the romantic period, which represents an important place in the history of music, many innovations have emerged in the name of piano education. F. Chopin and F. Liszt are prominent representatives of the period. Both composers enriched the expression possibilities of the piano with new style features and turned it into an instrument that appeals to a wide audience. In particular, these two composers made great contributions to the development of the etüde. Etudes have become a full-fledged artistic genre and have found a place in the history of music under the name of concert etude. Chopin and Liszt opened a new era in the history of virtuosity with their compositions in this genre. Today, composers’ etudes are used intensively by educators in piano training processes given in music education institutions. On the other hand, the lives and works of the two composers have been dealt with separately and in detail in many studies.However, in the field of musicology, it is seen that the studies comparing the etudes of these two composers are not sufficient in number. In this context, in the study, the romantic period in the history of music is explained, the development of music in Europe and Russia in the romantic period is summarized, the music of Chopin and Liszt is introduced with an overview, the development of the etude genre in the romantic period is examined, the similarities and the differences between the concert etudes of Liszt and Chopin were compared. It is expected that the study will contribute to the musicology literature and piano pedagogy in Turkey.

A CONTEMPORARY COMMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABILITY TO THE TRADITIONAL ÇAPUT/CACALA/PALA: PROPOSALS ON VOLUME-EFFECTIVE ARTISTIC WEAVING

Fatma Yelda GEZİCİOĞLU — 2024-10-28

The weavings described as “Çaput”, “Cacala”, “Pala”, etc which are considered as traditional techniques in Anatolia come out as a result of recycling of different fields of use of old, torn or unused fabrics, threads and apparels. These textiles are used in weavings as weft yarns by cutting them into strips or unravelling the threads. Today this type of weaving continues albeit at a diminishing pace. These textiles which are recycled and used for different purposes also serve as bags, packsacks, cedar covers, bed sheets, etc. One of those fields which pollutes the world the most in our day with behaviours such as fast consumption and “single use” is the field of textile. The regeneration of unused, old and torn textiles with a weaving technique is also a proof of how much this technique in our traditional culture is environmentally friendly. Weaving from piece fabrics by making fibers again and using them for various traditional techniques after changing them into raw materials should be accepted as traditional culture and memory to support environmentally friendly behaviours. The scope of the study is to examine the technique appearing in front of us as a traditional weaving and associate the same within the scope of structural creativeness and recycling the traditional one to the current one with the personal and lyrical flow of a cultural expression and its artistic approaches and applications through the use of different weaving pattern trials and various materials together with this technique. The objective at the study is to constitute an example of how the sustainability of the traditional technique through the innovative approaches in current weavings is ensured, and to transmit that the artistic dimension of visual effects, formed up as a result of material and technical use in genuine artistic works so brought out may constitute a step at the art of textile. The traditional values are associated with the field of art in the study, and the document scanning method, proper observation, documentation with photographs, reciprocal meeting, action (based on application) research method were used among the methods of researches. At the end of the research, traditional technique was combined with new techniques, and it is associated with the subject matter of the sustainable recycling within the context of the evaluation of waste material on the one hand and the samples with artistic weaiving applications having indicated that the colour, texture, shape and form producing different visual effects on the surface of the textile may be more variable, developable and adaptable, have been presented on the other. At the same time, it is aimed to create an awareness for the opinions such as slow fashion, less consume, “second hand is good” and so on against fast (intensive) consumption, fast-fashion, use and throw-away society, and constitute an example to the textile designers/artists of our current period.

HADITH CRITICISM FROM BIRTH TO PRESENT AND IN THIS AREA STUDIES

Mustafa DÖNMEZ — 2024-10-28

There are factors that prepare the birth and development of every science. In addition to preserving the hadiths that they heard and wrote from the Prophet and then conveyed to others, events that took place especially in the second half on the II. Century of the Hegira caused them to state some criteria in order to distinguish the sound ones of the hadiths attributed to the Prophet among those referred to him for political, sect and ideologic reasons. The criteria mentioned in the Tabi’in and Tebe-i Tabi’in periods, after the period of the Companions, developed as hadith criticism. The application of isnad, which we can call the chain of reciters, which is used as a functional measure in hadith transmission, led to the formation of the science of cerh and ta'dil or the science of narrator criticism, therefore, in the H. III. Century the science of narrator, which was revived in the IX centuries, has reached the present day by gaining a new dimension with the works written by hadith experts. The subject and scope of our research is to deal with the birth of hadith criticism, its historical process together with its stages, and to refer to the literature that has developed up to the present day. Due to the historical, scientific and literary dimension of the subject, it has led to various studies in this field. The aim of our study is to review the phases of hadith criticism, to evaluate the approaches of orientalists to isnad and text criticism, and to reveal the studies on hadith criticism in today's Islamic world as a continuation of the classical literature. In the method of our research, the aspects of consistency were tried to be determined by applying the qualitative research techniques of social sciences and analyzing the criticisms directed to the hadith criticism methods that were born and developed.

PURIFICATION TOOLS IN ZOROASTRIANISM AND HINDUISM: FIRE, WATER AND SACRIFICE

Ayhan ASLANOĞLU — 2024-10-28

Purification and purification tools are one of the common phenomena of all religions. Throughout life, people have used some tools such as fire/light, water, sacrifice, prayer/repentance, fasting, and visiting holy places for purification/cleansing. These purification tools have manifested in the same and/or different forms in religious traditions. Therefore, these tools are of great material and moral importance. The history of purification rules, which are defined individually in Zoroastrianism, is based on the Indo-Iranian culture. There are some religious practices among Zoroastrians regarding fire/light, water and sacrifice. Purification rituals, which are important in Zoroastrianism, are an important factor to get rid of bad actions. A chapter in the Avesta, the sacred book of Zoroastrianism, called the rules of purification, is related only to this topic. In the Hindu religious tradition, the concepts of cleanliness and pollution are closely related. In Hinduism, cleanliness is viewed from two perspectives, external and internal. In this sense, external cleansing is possible by washing the body or taking a bath. Internal cleansing is thought to be a spiritual cleansing using purifying actions and esoteric techniques such as yoga. These types of cleansing in Hinduism are usually carried out with various religious rituals. Although there are many purification tools in Hinduism and Zoroastrianism, the subject of the article is limited to fire, water and sacrifice. The article data obtained with the documentation technique were written down with the descriptive method of the History of Religions.

IBN MIKSEM: LIFE, ITS PLACE IN SCIENCE KIRAAT AND SHAZ READINGS THE ESSENCE

Muazzam YENER — 2024-10-28

Hicri dördüncü yüzyılda Bağdat’ta yaşamış ve soy zincirine göre Abdullah b. Abbâs’ın mevlası olan Miksem’e nisbetle İbn Miksem olarak tanınmıştır. Bağdat’ın iki meşhur imamından biri İbn Mücâhid (ö. 324/936) diğeri İbn Miksem (ö. 354/965)’dir. Hz. Osman’ın istinsah ettirdiği Mushaflara bağlı okuyuşlar, hicri üçüncü yüzyıla kadar Müslümanlar arasında hoşgörü ve müsamaha ortamında devam ediyordu. Ancak İbn Mücâhid Mushaf hattına uyan kıraatları “yedi” ile sınırlandırırken; bunun aksine İbn Şebûz ile aynı dönemde yaşamış ve onun gibi şâz okuyuşlarıyla zikredilen İbn Miksem, Mushaf hattına uymayan şâz kıraatlarda ısrarcı olmasıyla bilinmektedir. Bu ısrarcı okuyuşları neticesinde İbn Şenebûz (ö. 328/939)’un yaşadığı benzer birtakım sıkıntılar yaşamış, İslam tarihinde Kur’ân tilavetinde İcmâa aykırı okuyuşları yüzünden baskı görmüş, şiddetle eleştirilmiş ve dönemin halifesi huzuruna celbedilmiştir. Başta kıraatları “yedi” ile sınırlandıran şeyhul kurrâ İbn Mücâhid olmak üzere kıraat ve fıkıh âlimlerinden oluşan bir heyet önünde sorguya çekilmiştir. Bu okuyuşlarından vazgeçmesi için tövbe etmesi istenmiş, bu da yetmezmiş gibi kitapları da yakılmıştır. Bu baskıdan dolayı hatalı olduğunu kabul etmiş gibi görünerek tövbe etmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda İbn Miksem’in hayatı, İbn Mücâhid’in kıraatları “yedi” ile sınırlandırmasına karşı olan muhalefeti, tövbe ettirilme olayı, şâz kıraatlarla okuma ısrarı ve sebepleri üzerinde durulacak ve onun hatt’a muhalif okuyuşları, kıraat ve tefsir kaynaklarından karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınacaktır.

RUYETULLAH IN THE KALAM SYSTEM OF IMAM AL HARAMAYN AL-JUWAYNI

İrem KARALAR — 2024-10-28

When the content of the mutaqaddimun period kalam works is examined, it is seen that the issue of ruyetullah, which characterizes Allah's being seen, is handled with different dimensions. Although it is known that there are concepts and expressions related to ruyetullah in the Qur'an and the Sunnah, which are the two main sources of Islam, the fact that the subject has become a creed issue is based on different reasons. Firstly, the issue of seeing God is a phenomenon that believers are curious about and want to learn about the truth. Teherefor Philosophers, Islamic theological schools such from the earliest times dealt with the issue within the framework of reason-translation and expressed their opinions. Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni (d. 478/1085), one of the last mutakallims of the late period, transferred the system of the previous period to the next period, and also laid the groundwork for the period of the contractor because he was a man of the system. In the issue of ruyetullah, Juwayni presents both rational and rational evidence and also uses new systems. The systems that Juwayni created in the science of kalam also show their effect on the issue of ruyetullah. He examines ruyetullah in the category of possible adjectives and strengthens the view of the Ash'ari school in this direction. He criticizes this theory with counter-questions by including the mu'tazila's theosis of ray. He defends the theory of tradition regarding the possibility of ruyetullah. In addition, Juwayni represents the last point reached by the thought of Ahl as-Sunnah and provides the system transmission, since he is one of the last scholars of the progeny understanding is examined on the axis of mind-translation.

MUSEUM STORAGE MANAGEMENT: STORING OF WORKS ON PAPER

Nevra ERTÜRK — 2024-10-28

Conservation is one of the main functions of museums since their foundation. The storage areas are the most vital parts of the museums and the majority of the collections are located in storage areas. Expert staff, complete documentation, collection management and conservation policy, preventive conservation work and storage management are required for the sustainable management of the collections. In this framework, the aim of the article is to give information about the physical and environmental conditions of the museum storage areas which protect works on paper, storage systems and methods; to share new storing approaches of museums and to discuss the feasibility of these approaches in terms of works on paper. Research questions raised in this article are: What are the upsides and downsides of open storage, shared storage or storage area outside of the museum premises? Are the new storing approaches feasible to works on paper that are housed in the state museums affiliated to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Turkey? The scope of the article is limited to the storing of works on paper. General principles and approaches concerning the storage of works on paper in the framework of state museums affiliated to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Turkey are evaluated, and new storing approaches are explained with examples from abroad. Literature review is used as a research method in the article. Additionally, museum storage areas are visited both in Turkey and abroad. According to the findings, the main problems about museum storage areas in the world are; occupancy of storage areas, inadequate storage systems and unaccomplished or incomplete documentation. The aforementioned findings indicate how important it is to plan and manage the storage areas where collections are preserved for the sustainability of museums. In this context, there are some points to be taken into consideration when storing works on paper that are more delicate than inorganic materials such as stone, metal and ceramic. Moreover, works on paper should be stored vertically or horizontally on shelves, in drawers, boxes or by hanging or rolling according to their types, dimensions, weights and conditions. The physical conditions of the storage area should be designed considering the delicacy of the works; relative humidity and temperature values as well as light level should also be planned according to the structure and degradation process of the paper. Consequently, shared storage area among new storing approaches can be considered as sustainable conservation and management of works on paper which are housed in the state museums that are affiliated to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

DISTURBANCES AND PROTECTION PROPOSALS IN DENGERE MOSQUE

Esra ŞAHİNHicran Hanım HALAÇ — 2024-10-28

The prehistoric past of Burdur province dates back to the Paleolithic ages. Ancient cities such as Kibyra and Sagalassos which have important features in Anatolian lands, Hacılar mound which is one of the first settlements and many mosque, madrasahs, tombs emerged which were started to be built with the Turkification of Anatolia in 1071. Burdur province, located in the Lakes Region of the Mediterranean Region with its cultural and natural beauties, has been home to many civilizations from past to present, so there are the stuctures built in the different periods. Mostly the structutres built during the Ottoman period have survived to the present day. One of these structures, Dengere Mosque in Bölmepınar Village of Çavdır District of Burdur Province, is an important mosque reflecting the architectural features of the of the period it was built and being one of the oldest mosques in Burdur. The Dengere Mosque, which has survived to the present day and has not lost its orginality, has undergone periodic restorations and is still usable. Lastly, which was repaired in 1969 the period of construction of the Mosque is not known for certain. It is mentioned in the Journal of Foundation Monuments and Ancient Artifacts in Turkey that it may have been built in the 16th or 17th century.This structure, which draws attention with its hand-drawn decorations on its wooden ceilings, is evaluated in the category of mosques with wooden pillars. It was taken the road with the idea of preserving and keeping alive the works that shed lihgt on the history and reflect the identity of the region while the beginnig of this study. In this structure which has witnessed history was mentioned its the deteriorations that occured after the last repair period and an answer has been sought to the question of what measures can be taken to prevent these deteriorations. For this, first of all, the deterioration of the structure was determined and it was tried to identity the reason why the deterioration occured. Finally, suggestions are presented to eliminate the deterioration.

TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF TROPICAL DAYS AND SUMMER DAYS IN THE SUSURLUK STREAM BASIN AND MODELING ACCORDING TO THE RCP 8.5 SCENARIO

Mücahit COŞKUNSıracettin GÖZALAN ,Muhammet ÖZTEKİNCE ,Sevda COŞKUN — 2024-10-28

Climate change is being felt significantly today. Change is due to the nature of the climate, which is a dynamic system. The axis obliquity of the Earth, its orbital movements, solar activity, and the use of fossil fuels are shown as the leading causes of climate change. It is known that climate changes are not unique to the present day, but many changes have occurred in the geological past, the main character of which is prone to warming and cooling. In this study, the changes in the number of summer days and tropical days, which are indicators of climate change, were analyzed in the Susurluk Stream Basin located in the northwest of Turkey and the south of the Sea Marmara. In the research, the stations of 7 meteorological stations (Bandırma, Bursa, Dursunbey, Keles, Simav, Tavşanlı, Uludağ) located in the Susurluk Stream Basin were selected. Analyses of the trends of the maximum daily temperature numbers Dec 1970-2060 by examining the selected stations in three periods to cover the years 1970-1995, 1996-2020, and 2021-2060 (RCP 8.5) are included. The aim of the study is to determine the direction and severity of the trends in the number of tropical and summer days in the Susurluk Stream Basin due to the warming that has occurred in Turkey due to climate changes. Çalışma, tropikal ve yaz günü değişimlerinin incelenmesi konusunda Türkiye literatürüne katkı sağlamasının yanı sıra uygun alanlarda üretimi giderek artan tropikal meyve yetiştiriciliğine ve havza yönetimi çalışmalarına veri altlığı sağlaması açısından önemli görülmektedir. In this context, the changes in the number of summer and tropical days, which are considered as extreme events, between 1970 and 2060 dec analyzed using the maximum temperature data obtained from stations that have been measuring the basin for many years. In the study, 1970-1995, covering the years 1996-2020, the maximum daily average temperature in a period of meteorological observation stations belonging to the data are used when covering a period 2021-2060 years in CMIP5 RCP 8.5 scenario modeling the data as prepared under the project designed with the HadGEM2-ES global circulation models with the outputs of RegGEM4.3.4 regional climate data reduction methods were used. Mann-Kendall and Spearman's Rho test statistics were used as the method in the study. These two methods are the most preferred statistical methods in general in the field summer because they are beneficial. As a result of the study, there are negative trends in almost all stations in the number of summer days per year in periods covering the years 1970-1995, 1996-2020, and 2021-2060. In the first period covering the years 1970-1995, there were significant increases in Dursunbey, Simav, and Tavşanlı, while in the years 1996-2020, Bandırma, Bursa, Dursunbey and Simav, which constitute the second period; in the third period covering the years 2021-2060 (Future), there were significant increases in all stations.

ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT IMAGES USED IN MOTION PICTURES: EYE-TRACKING METHOD

Elif ÇINARNurcan YÜCEL — 2024-10-28

Rapidly increasing competitive environment and developing self-renewing sector without making consumers feel products, advertising, logos, emblems in the relevant media as the introduction of our life as the product placement has started to be the subject of important work in marketing. Although product placement has advantages and disadvantages, the method accepted and applied by the sectors manifests itself as promotion. The concept of product placement, which is in all areas of our lives, increases its activity day by day. However, how impressed consumers are by these introductions has also been the subject of curiosity about changes in their purchasing decisions. In this area, the neuromarketing factor has been activated and brain fluctuations have been measured when consumers see products, brands and logos. It is advanced by the logic of ‘the brain does not lie’, which is aimed at reliable results with neuropazaration focused on the subconscious. As the techniques and tools used differ, progress in data accuracy has also begun. In this study, which uses the Eye-Tracking analysis method by considering product placement and neuropazar together, it was attempted to determine the awareness effect of their visuals for motion pictures in which product placement was performed. A total of 5 visuals were selected from three different films that achieved significant success at the box office and placed products, these visuals include brands with a high level of recognition and widely known people who are used as a reference force. In the Heat Map data of the volunteer participants, there are analysis results of domestic and foreign participants and 22-25 years and other age groups (26-35). As part of the data obtained from the study, intense focus was not achieved, even if the images in which product placement was performed in selected motion pictures achieved their purpose. It has been found that brands, logos and emblems are small in size in the visual frame, not at eye level, focus is minimal. It is believed that revising these regions/areas or paying attention to these details in New Films will increase the level of interest of participants and produce more effective results. There has been a limited number of studies in the literature. For this reason, it is believed that the study will contribute to the literature.

THE EFFECT OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS ON IMPORTS: IMPULSE-RESPONSE AND VARIANCE DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS

Eyup ATİOĞLU — 2024-10-28

The share of technology imports in the deterioration of balance of trade in the Turkish economy in a way that perpetuates the import dependency is too high to be underestimated. The use and production of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), which increase the trade deficit of many countries, is increasing day by day around the world. In this study, the relationship between the number of unmanned aircraft systems registered in Turkey and the number of pilots and imports was examined with the VAR model. The dataset includes 37 observations on a monthly basis between 2017-04 and 2020-04. In the study, as a result of the established VAR model and impulse-response and variance decomposition analysis, it was revealed that the number of unmanned aircraft systems and the number of pilots decreased by giving a statistically significant response in the face of a standard error shock occurring in imports. It was determined that it was caused by the number of unmanned aircraft systems, and 0.19% was caused by the number of pilots. On the other hand, it was determined that 14.43% of the changes in the number of unmanned aircraft systems and 8.81% of the changes in the number of pilots were caused by imports. In addition, as a result of the Granger causality test conducted to reveal the causal relationship between the variables, no causality relationship was found between the variables at the 5% significance level, while Granger causality was found at the 10% significance level from the import to the number of UASs. According to the findings, both the number of unmanned aircraft systems and the number of pilots increase imports. In this context, it is of great importance to support domestic production and encourage research and development activities such as Teknofest (Aviation, Space and Technology Festival) with the aim of creating a foreign trade surplus in Turkey's unmanned aircraft systems sector.

INVESTIGATION OF NETFLIX ANIMATIONS OF BARBIE DOLLS IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL-CULTURAL INDICATORS

Şebnem GÜRSOY ULUSOY — 2024-10-28

Barbie dolls have become a figure in the game and toy understanding of girls from past to present. The first Barbie dolls were marketed by Mattel in 1959. The Barbie brand, which is frequently seen in the market not only with its toys but also with its by-products recently, has actually started to offer a lifestyle and a dream style. Especially recently, the mother, father and siblings of the character named Barbie have started to appear in Babie cartoons. It is seen that the dolls and their belongings sold under the Barbie brand are featured in the cartoon as animations of the same products. In particular, it is seen that Barbie contains a content that includes her family and family dialogues in the animations of the last period. Within the scope of the study, the change of Barbie dolls in cartoons from the past to the present is examined in the theoretical framework. Afterwards, the representation of family values and intra-familial communication patterns in the Barbie cartoon are evaluated through content analysis technique. Culture is about shared meanings. Language is the privileged means by which we give meaning to things, in which meaning is produced and disseminated. Meanings can only be shared through our shared access to language. In this sense, language is fundamental to meaning and culture. Language has always been seen as the primary repository of cultural values and meanings. Language constructs meaning. Culture is connected with feelings and thoughts as well as with concepts and ideas. In this study, the representation of family values and intra-familial communication patterns in the series animations of Barbie dolls are evaluated according to the theoretical framework included in the theoretical framework.

SOCIAL WORK PERCEPTION IN SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Sema SAĞLIK — 2024-10-28

It is one thing to realize the first steps taken towards a solution by identifying problems in school environments, it is another thing to be able to reach solutions. In this context, the research draws attention to the fact that education produces solutions together with all stakeholders and follows the solution processes in order to improve the academic success of students in secondary education and to ensure their socialization. At the same time, it reveals the need to carry out preventive activities and develop necessary policies to solve the biopsychosocial and spiritual problems encountered in schools. Meeting this need reveals the importance of school social work at the point of ensuring and maintaining child welfare. The main purpose of this research is to determine the perceptions of administrators, teachers and guidance teachers about the concept of social work. The study group of the research consists of 10 administrators, 10 teachers and 10 guidance teachers working in public secondary education in the 2019-2020 academic year through case sampling. The interview method was used in the qualitative research process in order to examine further and to reach a rich variety of information in the research. Qualitative data were collected with a semi-structured interview form, and Nvivo 12 program was used in the analysis. Descriptive and content analysis techniques were used in the analysis of qualitative data. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that the knowledge of the administrators, teachers and guidance teachers about the social work profession was insufficient, however, their views on social work were positive and the need for school social work was at a "high" level. In the light of the results of the research on the general philosophy of the working perspective that will ensure continuous improvement and development, it is recommended to establish school social work units in secondary education institutions and to employ social workers in these units immediately in order to make school social work functional.

IDENTIFICATION OF HOMELAND AND WOMAN IN TURKS: AN ARTISTIC READING THROUGH POSTERS

Aslı SAĞIROĞLUAslı SAĞIROĞLU ARSLAN — 2024-10-28

Homeland is a piece of land containing people who share the same historical and cultural background, speak the same language, and have mutual values like the flag and nationality. Patriotism, which is felt more essential and stronger in Turks than other nations, has qualities in both symbolic and local. This holy place is equated with “Mother” and expressed by values like ethics, honor, dignity, decency, and religion; it cannot be sold in times of trouble and is the truest of loves and lovers. The sacred homeland by the memories of martyrs who died for her is concrete proof of Turkish presence on the Earth. Qualification of the homeland as “Mother” in Turkish culture is vital in representing Turkish women’s values. The woman is the cornerstone of the family structure, the core of Turkish society and state in the Turkish view. Besides her cultural values, Turkish woman is seen as representative of moral values like chastity and honor; and take place in Turkish society by abilities in administrative, political, and social areas and motherhood duties. Also, by her warriors and heroic characteristics, she has made a name for herself throughout Turkish history; she even dared to die for her sacred concepts as homeland, state, nation, and honor with her man. This historical role of Turkish woman continued during the Independence War, and heroic epics were written in this era. In this scientific research named “Identification of Homeland and Woman in Turks: An Artistic Reading Through Posters”, the concepts of homeland, state, nation, and honor which have an important role in Turkish lifestyle is going to be examined and the “Homeland” concept in the propaganda posters of National Struggle and Early Republican Period by the reflection of woman image is going to be studied. In addition, the images on six posters will be examined in the titles of the “Woman” and “Homeland” concepts, and also the art features in the images will be determined within the scope of the research.

RECOGNITION OF RECONSTRUCTED-RESTRUCTRİNG FAMILIES AND DETERMINATION OF MAJOR AREAS OF CHALLENGING

Ceylan SÜLÜ AKGÜLRecep YILDIZ — 2024-10-28

This research was written in order to define the restructured-restructuring families, to get this family type out of the stigmatizing (they are called step-family) dimension and to bring it to the literature with its unexplored aspects and the depth of the difficulties experienced. In this context, firstly, the restructured- restructuring families were defined and the specific difficulties experienced between the parent and the child in these families were included. In the research, a qualitative research design based on phenomenological basis was created. Findings were obtained by conducting separate and in-depth interviews with twenty restructured-restructuring family members residing in Kırıkkale province. Families included in the study were determined by the purposeful (purposive sampling) sampling method based on the deliberate selection of individuals. The interview findings were analyzed by first creating common conceptual codes and then creating related themes using the Maxquda 2020 program. The themes and sub-themes used in the research are; It was determined and shared as 'Children, New spouse, Ex-spouse, Time spent in marriage, Psychological Difficulties, Economic Difficulties, Legal Difficulties, Cultural Myth Difficulties, Privacy Difficulties, Socio-cultural Difficulties'. As a result of the findings obtained, it has been determined that both the main determinant and the dominant difficulty area of restructured-restructuring families are 'child/s'. It is among the striking data that it has been determined that marriage and family unity are repeatedly interrupted and may lead to divorce, especially in cases where family structures, roles, intra-family interaction network, hierarchy, power and balance are restructured and an appropriate intervention cannot be offered.

ON SOURCES OF THE AMBIGUITY IN THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE

Umut Turgut YILDIRIM — 2024-10-28

Violence defines a phenomenon that has existed in human behavior and attitudes from the past. Therefore, it is necessary to accept violence as one of the prominent determinants of human-human and human-nature relations. Political violence as a form of violence has a long and illustrious history. However, considering the increase in violent acts in social relations in recent years and the increasing international terrorism, it is seen that the importance of violence and political violence serving political purposes is increasing. With this increase in importance, political violence, which has increased its popularity in the academic field, has become an issue that is constantly discussed by various views and approaches in addition to the accumulation from the past. One of the common points of these discussions stands out as the difference of opinion on the definition of political violence. As a result, political violence remains an ambiguous term that practically every field addresses from different perspectives, making it very difficult to agree on. From this point of view, this study focuses on the reasons for the ambiguity of the meaning of the concept of political violence in recent years and it is argued that there is uncertainty in the classical sources that discussed the violence. In addition, the study examines the effects of this diversity in views on the current meaning of the concept of political violence. The study, which examines the concept of political violence through the views of classical and contemporary political philosophy thinkers, aims to figure out the uncertainty of the concept of political violence in this context. The study employs qualitative research methodologies, and descriptive and hermeneutic analysis to examine the conceptual ambiguity of political violence. To begin, the notion of violence, as well as the reasons and forms of violence, are discussed. Following that, the contrasts in the literature's interpretations of the concept of political violence are addressed. Finally, these discussions are analyzed through political philosophy thinkers. As a result of the study, it is argued that political philosophy thinkers have different views on the concept of political violence, that thinkers evaluate violence in the context of their philosophies, and that's why the concept of political violence becomes ambiguous.

THE CHANGE OF REDISTRIBUTIVE PUBLIC POLICIES FROM THE 1980S TO THE PRESENT

Sena ŞAHİNCanan KATILMIŞ — 2024-10-28

Public policies have shown different trends in different periods according to the general political understanding in the world. The welfare state understanding, which rose after World War II, paved the way for the development of redistributive public policies in this context. While a more interventionist and social state understanding prevailed in this period, this situation started to change with the effect of globalization in the 1970s. The economic crises in the world and the insufficiency of social policies in solving these crises paved the way for the rise of neo-liberal understanding. In this study, redistributive public policies are examined in order to analyze how the change in dominant political ideology affects the social aspect of the state. In the study, the concept definition and general review of public policies were first made; then information about redistributive public policies was given in this direction. The effects of neo-liberal ideology on redistributive public policies were evaluated by examining how these policies were generally regulated before and after the 1980 period, which was a turning point in the history of the social state.

FISCAL SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOCRAT PARTY PERIOD IN TURKEY

Mustafa Doğukan ÇAKMAK — 2024-10-28

The general elections of 1950 in Turkey are called the "White Revolution". The reason for using this concept is that the single-party period in Turkey ended with a democratic election and a young party that was still in the establishment phase took over the power. It can be said that the Democrat Party radically changed the policies that the single-party regime in Turkey tried to implement with pressure. Instead of the self-enclosed, protective and impartial state understanding in the first period; Turkey's preference was for NATO, especially in this new period, which was pursued with the pursuit of a new "front finding" around America and the Western Bloc. In such a period, all the economic, political and social developments have undergone significant changes in line with the preferences of the ruling party of the period. In this respect, the 1950s in Turkey is a special period that is seen as an important milestone in both economic, political and social fields. This research, which focuses on the economic, political and social dimensions of the 1950s in Turkey, focuses on important examples that concern both the relevant years and recent history. This research, which focuses on the economic, political and social dimensions of the 1950s in Turkey, focuses on important examples that concern both the relevant years and recent history of 50s. In this study, in Fiscal Sociological and social dimensions: "Socio-economic analysis of American aids and the transformation of the agricultural sector", "Korean War and NATO membership: Entry of Turks to the Western World", "Introduction of populism to Turkish political and economic history", "migration, urbanization and reconstruction activities on: the rise of the slum and the debates on the construction of Istanbul”, “Democratic Party's policies towards immigrants: Balkan immigrants”, “social impact of the decision to recite the azan in Turkish” and “transformation of consumption habits: breakfast, coffee and tea example” were investigated. In this respect, within the framework of the examples discussed, evaluations were made for the sociological analysis of the period's public finance.

BORROWING PRACTICES AS A SOURCE OF FINANCE IN MUNICIPALITIES AND AFFILIATED ADMINISTRATIONS: THE CASE OF ANKARA METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY, EGO GENERAL DIRECTORATE AND ANKARA WATER AND SEWAGE ADMINISTRATION

Mustafa TUNAErol DEMİR ,Sevilay BOSTANCI — 2024-10-28

In this study, the borrowing and debt structures of municipalities as a source of finance have been examined. Borrowing purposes, the borrowing processes applied by municipalities, types of borrowings and debts, debt raised from international and domestic banks and financial institutions, the budget expenditures of three years alone and, revenues, expenditures, and debts for the three years budget of Ankara Metropolitan Municipality (ABB), EGO General Directorate, ASKİ General Directorate between 2019-2020 and 2021 expenditures were analyzed. The guarantees from given for external debt stocks of local governments, treasury-guaranteed for foreign debts of ABB, ASKİ General Directorate, EGO General Directorate, the consolidated balance sheet and debt distribution of local governments between 2015 and 2020, the budget realization status of municipalities between 2015 and 2020, the equity revenues of municipalities according to their types and share received from general budget tax revenues were separately examined. Data used in this study were taken from primary sources and data analysis and evaluation were carried out using the financial data from ABB, ASKİ General Directorate, EGO General Directorate. Results showed that borrowing in municipalities is common due to deficits in municipalities which makes them difficult to have sufficient financial resources to meet services in parallel with the continuous increase in urban needs of people. For this reason, the issue of borrowing in municipalities has been found worthy of research. In this context, ABB, EGO General Directorate, ASKİ General Directorate have been determined as exemplary areas of the study.