The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Year 2022 Issue Year: 15 - Number: 90

INVESTIGATION OF PRESCHOOL TEACHERS' CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

Hatice KADIOĞLU ATEŞELİF KALFA — 2024-10-28

This paper; Conflict management strategies of preschool teachers in Istanbul Province, Küçükçekmece district; age, marital status, education level, school type, number of teachers in the school, tenure, professional seniority variables. The sample of this research consists of 230 preschool teachers in Küçükçekmece district of Istanbul in the 2017-2018 academic year. “Conflict Management Strategies Scale” was used to collect data in the research. A five-point Likert type scale was used to determine the frequency of the behavior in each item in the scale. The data obtained in the research were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows statistical package program. In the analysis of the data, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used. As a result of the analysis of the research data; Significant differences were found between the conflict management strategies of preschool teachers and the variables of educational status and number of teachers. Associate degree teachers use conflict management strategies avoidance, compromise and compliance more than teachers with undergraduate and higher education degrees. It is seen that the teachers who have 1-10 teachers in the school where they work use the strategies of avoiding and complying with conflict management strategies more than the teachers who are 26-30. It was conducted to examine the conflict management strategies of preschool teachers in terms of gender, age, marital status, type of school, pre-school education institution, tenure at the school, professional seniority, managerial experience, having or not received in-service training.

THE EFFECT OF CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION APPROACH ON STUDENTS' EMPATHY SKILLS

Şehide KILINÇMehmet Akif SÖZER — 2024-10-28

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of culturally responsive differentiated instruction approach on primary school 4th grade students' empathy skills. The quantitative dimension of this research, which was designed in an exploratory pattern with a mixed research method, was designed according to the semi-experimental design with non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group. In the qualitative dimension of the research, the case study was used. The research was carried out in two public primary school in the central district of Adana in the spring semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. The study group of the study consists of a total of 99 students, 51 in the experimental group and 48 in the control group, selected by criterion sampling. Quantitative data of the study were collected with the "Empathic Tendency Scale'' and personal information form" which was developed by the researcher. Qualitative data was also collected using a semi-structured student interview form, student diaries, and observation form. Two-way ANOVA for Repeated Measures from parametric tests was used in the analysis of quantitative data. Content analysis was used to determine the opinions of students, who participated in experimental group, about the application process and empathy skills. According to the quantitative findings obtained from the research, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the empathic tendency pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group students in favor of the post-test. In the qualitative findings obtained from the study, it was stated that there was a positive change in the students' perspectives on making friends with students from different cultures, respecting people from different cultures and empathy skills after the application. In addition, it has been concluded that the culturally responsive differentiated teaching practice contributes to students' value development in affective dimensions such as respecting the thoughts of their friends, respecting differences, non-discrimination and getting closer to their friends. As a result, when the quantitative and qualitative findings of the research are evaluated together, it was been shown that culturally responsive differentiated instruction contributes positively to the development of students' empathy skills.

WHAT DO SCHOOLS SELL? THE NEOLIBERAL TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS’ INSTITUTIONAL IDENTITIES

Orhun KAPTANMithat KORUMAZ ,İrem UÇAR — 2024-10-28

Changes in the global market affect public service institutions in almost every country. Abandoning the traits and roles attributed by the industrial revolution and the second world war, states gain a new look similar to that of for-profit institutions, which guides policy makers to manage social states as corporations with the purpose of surviving in the fierce atmosphere of global competition. The increasing individualization and the transformation of individuals into commercial enterprises threaten the conventional stance of public utilities that were originally designed as collective bodies in the service of the common good. Although it is especially expected from educational institutions to become instruments of individual improvement that have the capacity to turn individuals into valuable assets who could beat their opponents in the competition, the levels of readiness of these public institutions for such a transformation are still doubtful. This study aims to understand school leaders’ views about institutional identity which are assumed to be under the influence of neoliberal educational policies. To fulfill this purpose, we designed qualitative research according to which we interviewed ten public school principals whose schools’ websites are declared to be among the ten most actively used public school websites by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) of Turkey in 2021 and we analyzed 234 news and memorandums in these websites. Our analysis methods were critical discourse analysis (CDA), content analysis, and thematic analysis. We concluded that competition among schools has resulted from a need to raise necessary funds to manage schools, which directs school managers to consider students as sources of finance. We also inferred that the efforts of managers to survive in a competitive atmosphere beclouds the instructional leadership behaviors of school managers.

TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD BAKERY IN SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT: THE EXAMPLE OF ANTAKYA

Hüseyin Kürşat TÜRKANAyşe GÜLTUTAN — 2024-10-28

Hatay, which has hosted many civilizations throughout its history, also contains many ethnic groups and beliefs. This richness that has existed has been added to it over time and has come to the present day; has enabled many areas to have cultural identity. Therefore, this ancient city has the title of “city of gastronomy” with its rich cuisine. Ovens have an indispensable place and importance for the meals made in Antakya, which has a rich and diverse culinary culture. Neighborhood bakery continues today, both in a modern and traditional way, as in the past, in Antakya, the central district of Hatay, and in other districts (Iskenderun, Arsuz, Belen etc.). Many products, from tray dishes to pastries, from cakes to various local flavors, are traditionally baked in Antakya ovens. Therefore, ovens are seen as kitchens and exist as the main place that cooks the meals prepared at home. Neighborhood bakeries, which are included in daily life, are one of the places frequented by the people of the neighborhood and also assume a social function by increasing the interaction between the people living in the neighborhood. In addition to daily life, ritual activities related to ceremonial life take place in neighborhood bakeries, where the neighborhood culture is deeply felt. There are various products made specifically for the holidays. Neighborhood ovens, which were used as the kitchen of a house in the past, took over the processes of the kitchen during the cooking phase. In this region, where traditionally baked goods are also abundant, people left the cooking work to the oven, and they obtained pastry products from the ovens along with the bread. Ten kilns that continue to function in the traditional building and eighteen people in this building are the source of this work carried out in the specified area. The aforementioned study was conducted with participatory observation and survey method, although it was aimed at fieldwork. In this study, “Uzun Çarşı, Kurtuluş Caddesi, Anafartalar Avenue and Kantana District” in Antakya, the central district and first settlement of Hatay, were taken as a sample; The socio-cultural interactions of the bakery culture, which continues in the traditional way, and its place in the neighborhood culture will be emphasized. Information about the stages of the products made in traditional neighborhood bakeries will also be given.

CODESWITCHING AS A LANGUAGE CONTACT PHENOMENON

Mustafa GÜLEÇ — 2024-10-28

This study focuses on codeswitching as a language contact phenomenon in Turkish-Dutch migration settings. Firstly a conceptual analysis is made concerning the overall valid term bilingualism. Then codeswitching is discussed on the basis of some output examples from the field. A brief critical account of three approaches (i.e. lexical borrowing of Poplack, Matrix and embedded language (ML and EL) framework of Myers-Scotton and code copying of Johanson) regarding codeswitching has been presented and discussed in the background of some assertions of Backus concerning insertion, alternation, borrowing, conventionalization, entrenchment and mixed language. Consequently, a brief critical analysis of these terms, which are to some extent difficult to define, has been made against the indirect assumption with respect to the presence of a ‘pure’ language. As it has been shown in the examples in the main text below, bilingual perspective focuses on insertion and embedding locations between the two languages concerned, but it does not provide an explanation for deviations for instance in monolingual perspective. If we assume that we have examined all output forms as random sentences in the ML in monolingual sense and the deviating forms in the EL simply as borrowings, then we could see that bilingual interactions have major impact on the structure of the ML mainly as a result of a lexical import. In this sense, ‘do’ constructions in bilingual speech are similar to concept formation with borrowings in monolingual use. This implies that bilingual use as well is the derivative of monolingual grammatical operations.

PAINTING THE FEMINST STORY THROUGH IMAGERY IN CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN’S THE YELLOW WALLPAPER

Seher ÖZSERT — 2024-10-28

This paper observes the imagery used in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1892) like a feminist painting revealing the psychology of the female protagonist. In the story, the narrator protagonist, Jane, provides lucid images of various entities such as her room, the wallpaper, and the changing colours of the wallpaper by the effect of the sun and the moon, the transformation of the observed patterns, dancing shapes, the house, the environment etc. The descriptions of the wallpaper in a constant movement reflect the changing mental and physical condition of the protagonist whose focus is fixed on the wallpaper. The fluid patterns on the wallpaper project the female narrator’s unstable mind, repressed emotions, and psychological degeneration. Tearing off the wallpaper in the barred room and the new-born female imagery symbolise the female struggle for freedom trying to break the chains of her imprisonment under the Panopticon surveillance. The study focuses on the imagery used to enlighten the female emancipation in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper (1892) by analysing the multiplexed mindsets especially from feminist perspectives. The methodology in this research follows analysing the short story as a feminist painting by Gilman (1892) and it gives an analogous sense to the non-enslaved female figures in the paintings of Francesca Woodman, Remedios Varo and Salvador Dali. Acknowledging the prevailing feminist discourse, the study concludes that, by the help of the divine power of imagination, Gilman, in her The Yellow Wallpaper (1892), paints the story of a triumphant woman who first reads the patterns on the wall and writes her own story on the overthrown male authority.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXAMINING THE POSTURE DISORDER OF CLARINET PLAYERS AND PREVENTION OF POTENTIAL INJURY

Kaya KILIÇ — 2024-10-28

It is seen that the stance and playing positions of the clarinet players are not given enough importance in the clarinet education methods or teaching methods. In this case, the performers are at risk, which may adversely affect their health, as they do not have sufficient knowledge about the subject. Correct positioning of the body also eliminates the risk of injury. Not paying attention to the bad posture, which is also called an occupational disease, and not taking the necessary precautions can lead to bad results that can lead to injury of the player over time. According to the personal and physical characteristics of the instructor, it is necessary to convey important information to the clarinet students such as correct breathing technique, posture of the body, positioning of the hands and shoulders, and the correct position of the head. In the article, the problems experienced by clarinet players due to the posture disorders they encounter most and the muscle strains, pains, cramps and problems in the musculoskeletal system that occur during or after the performance are mentioned. In order to prevent potential injuries, the exercise and warm-up programs that should be done before playing are discussed in detail in the article and suggestions are made. Disorders such as upper cross syndrome and forward head posture disorder experienced by clarinet players who have played in the wrong position for many years are also described in the article. The aim of this study is to help the clarinet players to prevent injuries that may occur during or after the performance due to posture disorder and to help increase the performance quality of the performers with source information.

EDUCATION CURRICULUM AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIAL TALENT IN VISUAL ARTS

Mehmet Ali GENÇ — 2024-10-28

Talented students in the field of visual arts have the ability to learn quickly and transform what they have learned into a product by using it in a new context. This feature is the basic requirement of obtaining original or synthesis artwork. This difference of students necessitated a different curriculum in visual arts education. The application process of the curriculum, the art products and the environment in which the student grows up are as important as the content of the curriculum. There is a lack of publications addressing the curriculum for talented individuals in the field of visual arts. In this study, the field of visual arts, the content of the education to be given to talented individuals and the application process were examined. The aim of the study is to assist educators who provide special talent training in visual arts with the course content and application process. Based on the literature, the following conclusions were reached in this study: The curriculum should be discipline-based (internal disciplines of the arts) as well as being interdisciplinary. In addition to basic skills, the development of social and cognitive skills gains importance in order to obtain an original or synthesis product. The curriculum should be made more difficult for students to push their capacities, it should be designed as broad-based themes for flexibility, less information at the data level, abstract concepts and generalizations should be given more place. Learning styles such as critical examination of art samples made for a new or synthesis product, observation, research, experimentation, and biographies should be utilized. In addition, since talented students present features such as polysemy in addition to multiple perspectives in their paintings, artistic expression opportunities of the vertical space understanding in painting should be presented to the students.

KNITTED WOMEN'S OUTERWEAR INDUSTRY DESIGN AND MARKETING OPINIONS

Vildan BAĞCI — 2024-10-28

The knitting industry, in which there are many companies throughout Turkey, has an important share in employment and exports. Women's outerwear knitted products have gained an important place in this field. With the development of technology, companies that try to meet the demand with increasing production speed are developing design and marketing techniques. The fact that companies produce quality products is an important factor in being preferred by customers, so the sectors' design, raw material selection and supply, production, marketing etc. of knitted products is an important factor. It is important that they work consciously in line with customer needs and satisfaction in their processes. Being more careful about quality is an important factor in ensuring the continuity of the companies that make marketing abroad. In this research, our aim is to determine the opinions of the business officials producing knitted women's outerwear in Ankara and Istanbul provinces regarding their demographic characteristics, corporate and personnel characteristics of the business, design and marketing understandings and practices. In the research conducted in Ankara and Istanbul provinces, the interview form developed by the researcher was applied to 32 officials. The findings were transferred to the SPSS 14.0 statistical program and presented in the form of tables with statistical evaluation. As a result of the research, it is understood that enterprises prefer face-to-face communication in marketing their products at home and abroad. It is seen that the products are sold wholesale to the Marmara region at home and to Asian and European countries abroad. Authorities stated that they could not get paid due to the long maturities in the marketing of their products and they had a problem. It has been determined that fashion is the leader in color selection, where designers are influenced by customer demand and fashion factors in creating designs. It is thought that the data obtained in this study will be a guide for those who want to study in this field.

MUSICAL ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL MEMORY PHENOMENON LULLABIES: KARS AND ARDAHAN LULLABIES

Fatma Ceyda ÇINARDALYakup AÇAR — 2024-10-28

In this research, it is aimed to investigate musical analysis of lullabies, which are the product of oral culture, in today’s world, where living conditions change due to various economic and socio-cultural reasons and natural and traditional cultural transfer decreases. Content analysis technique from qualitative research methods was conducted of this descriptive study. Categorical analysis technique was used when examining the content of lullabies. The data sources of the research are 24 lullabies that were found to be sung in Kars and Ardahan province-wide. Within the scope of the content analysis technique, musical analysis of lullabies was carried out and elements related to the music culture of this region were indicated. The categories of lullabies determined to be of a makam’s nature were determined by performing melodic analysis. Accordingly, the low-pitch, high-pitch, sound field, makam scale, decision-pitch, strong-pitch, seventh-pitch, cruising and melodic expansion rates in lullabies; in usul (procedural) analysis; unit, time, level, duration values, metronome and procedural transitions are discussed. In the context of these categories, the identify information of the lullabies examined in terms of makam and usul has been established. Fruquency and percentage of descriptive criteria were used in the analysis of the data. The findings show that 21 of the lullabies were in kırıkhava and 3 of them were uzunhava type among the analysed 24 lullabies. The most common makam scale is Uşşak (50%) regarding to procedural use, this revealed that a lullaby was sung in a maximum of 4/4 usul (53,8%). Overall, the results showed that with careful analysing, the analysed lullabies analyzed were highly similar to Kars-Ardahan music culture with regard to their makam and usul characteristics.

ART AND DESIGN ON THE METAVERSE NETWORK: USER INTERFACE DESIGN (UI) AND USER EXPERIENCE DESIGN (UX)

Hülya DEMİR — 2024-10-28

The evolution of human mentality continues dynamically in line with technological developments. This evolution has created the problem of creating the need for a new virtual universe beyond the physical world and making designs for this world. In all these searches, the concept of "Metaverse" emerged as a new phenomenon defined as beyond the universe. Metaverse refers to a new universe based on people's bonding with other people and places with their avatars, which have turned into virtual representations by abstracting from physical places and physical beings. Today's people are able to create art objects in unusual forms in this new network, and even if they are not artists, they have the opportunity to be directly involved in the management of processes such as buying, selling and designing by positioning these objects within the concept of NFT, a new definition introduced by Metaverse. Beyond being an artist or not, the field of artistic discussion is centered on who will create the visual design of this universe. Since the Metaverse network is a 3-dimensional universe that serves the visual perception of people with VR glasses, there is a need for a large informatics and design team to design this universe. Especially recently, it has been underlined that there is a need for different job competencies than visual communication designer or graphic designer with expressions such as user experience designer and user interface designer. In this sense, the fact that the study universe is a new phenomenon, the small number of studies on the related problem situation, and the lack of information in the analysis of the design discipline and the Metaverse relationship formed the basis for the preparation of this study. In this context, the interaction of design and art discipline with the Metaverse network has been examined within the article study and the position of User Experience (UX) and User Interface Design (UI) Expertise as new professional groups formed within the design discipline has been tried to be analyzed with the Descriptive Content Analysis method as a qualitative research.

INTERDISCIPLINARY TRANSFORMATION OF WEAVING ART IN TODAY’S SENSE OF ART

Gültekin AKENGİN Sibel KURTOĞLU — 2024-10-28

Existential illustrations, senses, shapes have combined with different dimensions and zones, as a result of this, presence of art production has showed up by disappearing the interdisciplinary boundaries. In this process; artist’s manifest, quality of audience and boundaries of zones have changed, also art has given particular particular importance to sense before image. The interaction of existing art fields with different disciplines has also moved beyond plastic arts in today’s sample. This research mentions the transformations resulting from interaction with different disciplines of weaving techniques from traditional Turkish handicrafts within the framework of today’s sense of art. This research aims to examine the transformation of weaving art interdisciplinary art, investigate it in the sense it has in the past, and examine how it is handled from today’s perspectives. It is mentioned what changes the weaving, which has local characteristics, has undergone by examining the combine of painting art, which is universal art space, and other plastic arts. The study is limited by the usage of carpet and rug weaving from traditional Turkish handicrafts in interdisciplinary art space and in this process, primary and secondary sources have been used, written sources have been scanned and visual examination have been done. The research is important both in terms of serving as a model for contemporary art understanding and in terms of addressing the period experienced as a result of the interaction of traditional arts with different fields and offering interdisciplinary art sample. With this research, it is concluded that the interaction of a traditional art with different disciplines can modernize a local area, traditionally classified weaving products are integrated as contemporary status with the help of inter - arts interactions.

EXAMINING STRATEGIC COMPETENCE AND PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE OF EFL LEARNERS THROUGH SIMULATION ACTIVITIES

Kübra ÖZDEMİR — 2024-10-28

With globalisation and recent language teaching theories, learners are required to be competent in English conversations. However, it is highly demanding in the EFL context. Since classroom and course book language differ from the target language's authenticity, EFL learners have little chance to practice. With simulation activities, the gap is attempted to fill in this research. Additionally, simulations can improve learners' strategic competence. Besides, strategies should fit in with what is socially acceptable and appropriate. Regarding their value in establishing and maintaining a successful conversation, it is significant to improve strategic and pragmatic competence. Hence, this research aims to contribute to the gap between the EFL context's nature and the Communicative Approach's requirements. The research investigates Turkish EFL learners' strategic and pragmatic competence through simulation activities. For this research, thirty participants studying at high school were recruited using criterion sampling. The criteria required individuals to 1) be a high school EFL learner and 2) have B1 level English proficiency. The research was conducted in three sections. First, samples were subjected to multiple-choice Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) and a strategic competence questionnaire as the pre-test. Following this, they were exposed to simulation activities for eight weeks. After training, the same data collecting instruments were conducted as a post-test. Finally, the results were compared. Results show that the participants' pragmatic competence statistically improved after the training. Further, most of the samples changed their preferred strategy from non-linguistic means to more linguistic ones. Thus, it can be inferred that simulation activity positively affects the EFL learners' strategic and pragmatic competence.

THE PLACE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN THE DIGITALIZED WORLD

İsmail DEMİR — 2024-10-28

Nowadays, religious institutions and organizations can reach large audiences thanks to the opportunities provided by mass media, and individuals can easily acquire religious topics in this way. The sermons, which used to be heard only in the mosque, made it possible to reach large masses thanks to these digital tools, and religious information became accessible in every environment. In this way, it became easier to convey the religion. For this reason, examining the relationship between mass media and religious education in the digitalized world is the main purpose of this research. In addition, in this study, it is important to try to justify this issue by making evaluations about the effects of mass media on religious education. In this context, the relationship between religious education and digitalization of mass media today has been covered in detail and various relevant suggestions have been made. In order to be able to look at the subject Decisively, many previous studies have been reached and meaningful comparisons have been made between them and various examples have been given. At the same time, the fact that the society can benefit from religious education more effectively by using digital tools correctly can be seen among the important results of the research.

SOME REFERENCES ON SURE ASR

Mehmet ÇALIŞKAN — 2024-10-28

Surah Asr is a Makki surah according to the preferred view. The sura has three verses. Despite its shortness, Surah Asr is a summary of the Qur'an. Imam Shafi's statement about this surah, "If no other surah other than the Qur'an had been revealed, this surah would have been enough" is famous. This expression is an example of looking at the Qur'an in a dimensional way. After starting the century with an oath and reminding that all people are in harm, the Surah divides those who are harmed into believers, those who do righteous deeds, and those who advise each other to truth and patience. The addressee of the Qur'an is human. The Qur'an, which came to guide people, has explained in this surah, not the reasons for people's loss, but in what situations and situations they will gain. Man can act as if he was created without a purpose, regardless of the purpose of his creation. This is the cause of frustration. If a person is aware of the purpose of his creation and listens to the voice of his Lord, if he lives according to the things presented as the salvation prescription above, he will reveal the meaning of his life. The news that is stated and indicated by oath at the beginning of the surah is that people will be in harm's way. An oath comes from one thing and increases the strength of what is reported. What is specifically forbidden here by an oath is that people lose their lives in this world and the hereafter and end their life adventure with disappointment. In return, being on oneness to the extent of the Qur'an and doing the things done and the words said within this framework is a means of salvation beyond harm. A believer's life is dynamic. Religiosity is not to interfere in anything, but to pursue good deeds. The aim of this study is to listen to the message of the Qur'an once again in the context of the chapter of Asr and to reveal the considerations we can reach about the related chapter. As you research the Qur'an, it is always possible to reach new and even current issues that shed light on issues. Based on this view, we wanted to think about the meaning of Sura Asr, which is one of the three suras with three verses in terms of the number of verses of the Qur'an, and the goals that this meaning leads, and to indicate the points that we can reach as a result. In our article, the translations of the verses Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Kur'an-ı Kerim Meali based on.

THE EFFECT OF THE CHANGE IN TOURISM AREAS OF UPPER SCALE PLANS IN ISTANBUL ON THE CITY: CULTURAL AREAS

Server Funda KERESTECİOĞLUSacide AKIN — 2024-10-28

Tourism is one of the dynamics that changes the structure of cities and affects them most in a spatial context. The words city and tourism together constitute an activity in a spatial context. As tourism is among the many social and economic forces in the urban environment, it presents different results for tourists, hosts and industry (Edwards, Griffin and Hayllar, 2008). Tourism has become an important phenomenon that affects the change of the city beyond an urban activity. The city itself is itself a product of tourism. Therefore, the phenomenon of urbanization and tourism should be treated with an integrative approach. Globalization, which has been active since 1980, is a multidimensional phenomenon, including economic, cultural, social, political, and technological dimensions in which homogenization comes to the fore with the acceptance of the universal. In terms of tourism, the relationship of the emerging world city hierarchy with globalization shows the current relationship of each city with places beyond its geographical boundaries. This relationship sometimes forces cities to act according to the change and global urban strategies by spreading their cultural heritage and local characteristics worldwide. (Ashworth and Page, 2011). On the one hand, this situation allows people to communicate more and learn about each other. On the other hand, it threatens the globalization of culture caused by the expansion of cultural relations. Putting cities in a competitive environment, the effects of globalization have manifested themselves in urban planning and practices with the policies that have developed in Turkey. Trying to integrate into the global economy with mass tourism, one of the greatest potentials of Turkey is Istanbul with its architectural heritage, historical richness, cultural elements, and values. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the relationship between the city and tourism that drives the global tourism economy in Istanbul integrally and to examine the effects of tourism areas on the change of urban space in the plans related to tourism policies in the post-1980 period, against the threat of globalization of culture. The present study examined the effect of the change in tourism areas on the city via 4 approved upper-scale plans of 1959, 1980, 1994, and 2009 to date produced in Istanbul by comparing the plans in terms of the spread of the tourism sector in the city, determination of the city macroform, and contents of the legend. By looking at the plans and legends of 4 different periods, it can be seen that the macroform of the city has expanded from coastal areas in the south and the Bosphorus region to the north and inland regions. It was noted that tourism areas were first included in the 1980 plan in upper-scale plans, and with the spread of the city's macroform, tourism areas increased, and the content of legends diversified in the plans for 1994 and 2009. In addition, it has been determined that there is no defined cultural area, and areas are serving the heritage areas, conservation areas, and cultural activities related to the cultural environment are included in the tourism areas. As a result of the study, the effect of the tourism sector on the city in upper-scale plans is seen as the growth of the cultural sector within the tourism sector. In order to make the cultural sector visible and take measures against the threat of globalization of culture, the cultural sector should be taken into account in urban plans and policies, and a separate legend should be created for cultural areas in upper-scale plans.

A NEW EXPANSION IN REPRESENTATION OF SPACE; AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

Ahmet Şadi ARDATÜRK — 2024-10-28

As a creature subject to movement, man has always made designs for transportation and developed them. From the design of the wheel to the present, vehicle designs are in a structure that progresses without stopping, uses the knowledge of each other, develops by stacking on top of each other and is constantly renewed. This process is not only at the point of eliminating the function; It has been associated with many meanings from being a man to power, from belonging to social status. The automobile sector can be expressed as one of the main areas of capitalism and consumption. This study touches on a point observed in the existence of autonomous vehicles, which are started to be used today within the framework of movement, transportation and automobile. It includes a meaning of a space beyond mobility and transportation, which is the basic function of automobiles. In addition to this, the concept of space appears as a subject that is constantly examined in the design environment. Before moving on to the meanings defined by the design change discovered in autonomous vehicles, a chronological step of automobiles and their technological developments was created with visualizations, and these steps were expressed with drawings. In this context, it is stated that autonomous vehicles can replace the basic function with another function with a design change that exists in their essence. Within the framework of the study, the infrastructure of which was created by the literature review for both movement and space concepts, the information from the observation was combined with the literature and figurative samples were drawn to express this. Visual and video analysis within the basic structure has created the most effective way to understand vehicle designs and their design meanings. The study focuses on discovering how the purpose and pattern of action of the concept of transportation has changed and its (new) meaning has evolved today.

A NEW MODEL IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: ETHOS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONARY COLLEGE CAMPUSES

Ömer Faruk BAYRAMFeride ÖNAL — 2024-10-28

Missionary activities, which have a religious background, are associated with the architectural environment in every period of history. A station is a region aimed to where the missionaries are erranded to penetrate and involves the structures formed by the church and the surrounding small buildings. The role of the church, which had been the focus of missionary activities for a long time, began to change in the 19th century. As a result of the rationalism movements that affected the whole world, education becomes secular. The emergence of the Protestant ideology based on the Reformist-Calvinist tradition is followed by the Enlightenment movements and the Industrial Revolution. The Protestant College model, which forms its core in Europe, is transported to the continent of America and finds its sui generis final form. Adventurous and secular missionaries educated in these innovative, secular and scientific Protestant institutions will now work hard to transfer this very new model to the farthest corners of the globe targeted by imperial states. In this period, the architectural buildings of the missionaries cover a wide range; in addition to the church structures, buildings such as press houses, schools, dispensers and hospitals are among the architectural products built by the missionaries. Protestant college campuses are the new stations of the mission regions in the contemporary world. The religious organizations of minority groups in the Ottoman Empire, which has a multi-national, multi-cultural and multi-religious social formation, are clustered around the church of each community, within the framework of the religious freedoms provided by the state for a long time. As a result of becoming education secular now, religious minorities in the imperial lands start to establish their own schools giving more importance to scientific education and these schools emerges mostly around the capital city, Istanbul. The education of Muslim people is tried to be provided in madrasahs and schools of the state, which can be said to be inadequate in terms of catching up with the era. In the Enlightenment period, the Ottoman Empire puts a great effort to open new schools under the influence of the Western Empires, and these schools are generally with military formations and are massive structures and the organization of these schools are planned under a single building. At the very beginning of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire meets Protestantism for the first time with the Protestant missionaries landing to Izmir, and the Protestant College campus model is implemented in the imperial lands. In addition to the traditional education models of the state and religious communities, these institutions providing scientific and contemporary methods are in high demand from the local people. Eventuall, quite large campuses and building complexes emerge in important city centers of Anatolia. These settlements generally located on the peripheries of the cities, drawing a dominant image in the city plan with their large areas and on the silhouettes of Anatolian cities with the various structures they contain in their campuses with their iconic structures, acquire a strong impression in the memory of the civic.

AN EVALUATION ON URBAN TRANSFORMATION PRACTICES IN HISTORICAL CITY CENTER OF KONYA

Esra ÖZDİLNur URFALIOĞLU — 2024-10-28

Cities that emerged with the settled life of human beings gain a historical identity with the original historical structures found in time and are expressed as historical cities.The transformation of urban textures, which change and deteriorate over time for various reasons, also affects the historical identity of the city and various precautions must be taken in order to survive this historical identity. With the urban transformation methods based on preservation, improvement, renewal or revitalization, it is aimed to preserve and maintain the original historical textures, structures and various legal arrangements have been made from time to time in this context. While a large part of our cities developed unplanned with the irregular construction brought about by the rapid population growth in Turkey, especially after the 1950s, the historical city textures were also affected by this situation. While the urban transformation methods in this context contribute positively to the existence of the historical texture from time to time, it has been seen that inappropriate methods that damage the texture are implemented from time to time. The historical city center of Konya was selected as the main subject of the study and the examples of urban transformation practices that directly or indirectly affect the historical texture of the city are examined through their pre-and post-transformation situations. In this context, before Konya is specially examined, the concept of urban transformation and its legal bases are mentioned. Then, the development of cities with similar historical urban textures, and the urban transformation practices were discussed, such as Berlin, Paris, Beirut, Diyarbakir, Ankara from the world, and Turkey. Within the scope of the study meetings were held with the officials of Konya Metropolitan Municipality and the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, and the study was supported in line with the reports and visual materials obtained from these institutions. In the study, the change and transformation in Konya was examined in the light of similar examples and legal bases and the transformations in the historical cities mentioned were summarized with a table.

THE PLACE AND IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL PROJECT APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: EXAMPLE OF 26 AĞUSTOS SECONDARY SCHOOL (KONAK, IZMIR)

2024-10-28

Human beings live in harmony with nature through out their lives. We intervene in nature and benefit from it as we wish. This intervention of human kind in nature brings with it many problems. In addition to the increase in the impact of environmental problems, considering the problems that a rise, minimizing the damage to the environment is one of the issues of increasing importance in our age. The most effective way of understanding environmental problems and producing solutions to these problems is education. Thanks to education, it is aimed to raise individuals who are sensitive to the environment and have an attitude to benefit the environment. Environmental education should include not only ecological knowledge but also practices. The experiences of individuals in nature are the most effective point in gaining sensitivity to wards the environment. People experience and observe the necessity of protecting the environment with the help of environmental activities. With environmental education, it should be aimed that individuals move away from self-centered thinking and adopt an environmentally centered way of thinking. The relationship between the individual and nature should be strengthened. Thanks to the practices in environmental education, the individual gets to know the environment better, develops positive behaviors and makes environmental awareness a lifestyle. In this study, first of all, an overview of the projects related to environmental education carried out by different countries is provided. In addition, this study includes school projects related to environmental education carried out by 26 Ağustos Secondary School in Konak district of Izmir province which is located in a socio-economically and also culturally disadvantaged region. Moreover, the results of these projects and their importance in terms of environmental education are mentioned. The results of the projects and their important contributions to environmental education are the objectives of this study and it includes suggestions about school projects that aim to contribute to environmental education.

ANALYSIS OF THE PLACE, IMPORTANCE AND PERSPECTIVES OF MOUNTAINS IN THE QUR'AN AND GEOGRAPHY

Faruk KAYA — 2024-10-28

A significant share of the issues of interest in geography are mentioned in the Qur'an. Although the term geography is not explicitly included in the Qur'an, many of the topics in the field of study of geography are mentioned in various ways. As a matter of fact, many verses in the Qur'an about the creation of the Heavens and the Earth, the fact that the Earth has been made suitable for human life, natural disasters, mountains, rains, winds, people and settlements talk about the subjects of geography itself. In this study the analytical scope is focused on the subject of mountains: the place, importance and handling of mountains in the Qur'an and geography. The mountains formed as a result of the curling up of the sediments in the geosynclines or volcanism, dominate their surroundings with their protruding, high-slanted slopes spread over a very large area, have an important place in all systems of belief. The holly mountain belief is widespread and well-established in almost all the communities and civilizations. In parallel with the sacred sites, the mountains have always been at the center of religious life and have also maintained their place in religious systems at every stage of historical periods. Scientific facts that exist within the framework of the orders set forth in the Qur'an help us solve the mystery of the universe and understand the infinite knowledge of Allah to a small extent. In this context, the meanings of the verses on the creation and duties of the Earth explained in the interpretations of these verses, and the formation and functions of the Earth revealed by the science of geography overlap with each other. For example, isostasy, which is defined as the state of equilibrium between the masses and densities of different large parts of the Earth's crust, explains the fact that the mountainous regions composed of light materials float on a denser base and that mountains have deep roots proportional to their heights. According to this explanation, like icebergs floating in the northern seas, high mountains have large and deep roots underground, and small and sharp peaks above the ground. Therefore, the scientific fact that there are mountain roots buried deep in the earth's crust exactly coincides with the fact that mountains were sewn and erected as the pillars of the Earth, as stated in the Qur'an approximately 1400 years ago. Since the 17th century, when mechanical philosophy began to dominate science, some scientists made great efforts not to lose the integrity of religious discourse in the face of the naturalistic tendencies of the mechanical worldview. According to the so-called natural theology developed by many writers during the Enlightenment period, the world is a place that is divinely designed and controlled by the grace of Allah functioning as an expression of the divine revelations of the Creator. At the same time the view that the existence and knowledge of Allah can be determined by natural scientific data by looking at the order and functioning of the world has also developed. As a matter of fact, in the works of some scientists, there are articles that indicate the existence of Allah beyond himself, along with the physical and organic forms of the world geography. However, there are some differences between the majority of the works written about today's world geography and the perspectives of the verses that mention geography. So much so that while the Qur'an looks at the creatures and the whole universe on behalf of Allah and with the view of Allah's art and work (Mana-yı Letter), in geography there are very few who advocate the rejection of religious authority in science as a result of reformation movements in religion and the liberation of science from scholastic censorship. Thus, some geographers desire to make the creatures and the universe appear to function on their own (Mana-yı Letter), thus ignoring the connection with the Creator. However, an artistic masterpiece requires an artist. For example, while pointing out the architectural genius of the Selimiye Mosque, not mentioning this genius Mimar Sinan would be a biased view aiming to hide the great architect arising from the perspective of an evil eye. Just like that, while revealing the formation and development of geographical events and phenomena, each of which is a work of art, with scientific facts, it will be the most realistic scientific approach to bring the artist and creator (Allah) of these miraculous works of art to the blind eye of the biased.

HISTORIAN TOYNBEE AND THE ASSESSMENT ORIENTED TURKEY FOLLOWING THE TRAVEL OF TURKEY OF TOYNBEE (1949)

Yaşar ÖZÜÇETİNAyşe YILMAZ — 2024-10-28

Arnold Toynbee, one of the famous historian philosophers and diplomats of the 20th century, has drawn attention with his ideas and studies executed by him. He interests in some topics in which founded topics considered Turkey as well. After the travel of Turkey, Toynbee, in the evaluation and impression obtained bu him in 1941, the process of transition from Ottoman to Republic of Turkey, declared that he considered that Turkish Lifestyle can be modernised without breaking with past. Toynbee mentionedin his studies about Turkey include a new generation that grown up in the 25th year of the establishment og the Rebuplic of Turkey, the necessity of correting the works of the Turkish Nation for the long-term extraordinary survival of the Turkish Nation in the sense embarking the reforms presumed compulsory during the first 5 years from 1923 to 1928 with leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, in the case of not addressing, of them immediately executing of these reforms made will be the job of generations and centuries, Turkish people spend all their energies on a national life on their national territory, pricipal reforms made in first few years purposes the secularization of government, liberating of women, adopting of Latin alphabets, apprehending of modern teknologies and commercial systems. Toynbee, touched on that it would not be easy for English people to understand that this development had to be fitted in a life; the reforms mentioned above were each revolutions; the Turkish people realised all of them together; 25 years before, when the Turkish people attempted to save themselves with their own struggle, they faced of an action which was unendurable; Atatürk emerged as a man that Turkish people needed at that time. Toynbee, at the time, draw attention to the significant issues that Turkish people face how the Turkish living style could be modernised without breaking connection with the past, how the towns kept up with rapid changes and how to move towards to the multi-party system without causing significant tremor. In this study, the writing of Arnold J. Toynbee that he wrote up following his visit to Turkey in 1948 and his impressions and feelings about Turkey have been handled and evaluated. Research is based in based on the archive documnets and copright and workup works have been utilized.

THE ROLE OF HANDICRAFTS AND ANTIQUES MARKETS IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DESTINATION: A NEEDS ANALYSIS OF EDIRNE

Demirali Yaşar ERGİNEmel GÖNENÇ GÜLER — 2024-10-28

It is necessary to provide sustainable development of the tourism sector and create a competitive regional tourism product through improving the quality of the tourist infrastructure and diversifying the tourist supply in Edirne. The handicrafts and antiques markets in Edirne are the touristic products need to be brought to light to generate new sources of territorial added value and supporting the sustainable tourism of local rural areas. Handicrafts made and sold by very few people in Edirne are at risk of disappearing. This study was carried out in order to determine the current situation of the tradesmen who produce and sell handicrafts in Edirne and to reveal the need for vocational education, which has a very important place in increasing and developing knowledge and skills. A questionnaire was developed that can be used to determine the needs of craftsmen/businesses dealing with handicrafts or antiques in Edirne. The research was originally planned as the population of Edirne (center and all other districts). The application of the questionnaire was limited to the internet environment due to the restrictions caused by the pandemic. 56 participants who formed the sample answered the questionnaire developed for this study on the internet. Since the study is a case description study, it is sufficient to extract frequency and % distributions about the questionnaire options. Mean and standard deviations were calculated for the 15 items in the last section to determine the training need. Parallel to the questionnaire sections, the questions in each section were analyzed in a table. The study was carried out with 56 local artisans operating in Edirne. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the local artisans are insufficient in producing, developing, maintaining and marketing their art and there are problems in finding qualified personnel.

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT IN CONSUMERS PURCHASE OF TURKISH PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF IRAQ- KIRKUK

Elif EROĞLU HALLNurdan SEVİM ,Gulhan Sabah NAJMALDIN — 2024-10-28

In a modern and competitive era that the global markets are developing every day, consumers' perception of the origin of the product also change. In recent years, consumers around the world can easily reach different products and services from other countries. Internal and external factors are effective in purchasing decisions of consumers for products and services. These factors can be socio-cultural, psychological and economic as well as product features, quality or country of origin of the product. Country of origin (COO) is seen as an important factor that can affect consumers purchasing and evaluation process. Consumers are affected by the country of origin and they do make different preferences for domestic and foreign products in different product groups. In this study, the effect of country of origin on the purchasing behavior of consumers who are from Iraq-Kirkuk was studied. The relationships between the demographic characteristics and country of origin were studied in the process of purchasing Turkish products by Kirkuk consumers. In the study, using the quantitative research method and the simple random sampling method was selected, data were collected with online survey technique. The analysis of the data was made with SPSS 25. Research results show that the country of origin is effective in the purchasing decision of the consumers who are from Kirkuk. The reason for the effect of the country of origin effect on the purchase of Turkish products can be summarized as country proximity, Turkmen consumers having the same language, religion and similar culture. In addition, it has been observed that Turkish products have a good stereotype in consumers, as Turkey and Turkish origin products have a good image in Kirkuk.

MUNICIPALITIES EFFORTS TO CONSTİTUTE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CULTURE WITHIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

Mustafa TUNAErol DEMİR — 2024-10-28

The basis of the concept of strategic management arises from the field of management sciences. Since the 1980s, the concept of management has been continuing increasingly from the classical management concept to the strategic management concept. It is understood that because of the searches that emerged with the effect of the changes in the administrative culture of the municipalities, the changes in the administration of the public led to the creation of a strategic management culture to use the public resources both effectively and efficiently. As a result, in this case, it causes municipalities whose purpose is to serve the community to use public resources efficiently and effectively. Otherwise, the efforts of municipalities towards achieving quality in the future, reporting system, budgeting, program valuation, and planning of resources will be difficult to make the necessary arrangements. In this article, the efforts to create a strategic management culture, which started with the Public Financial Management and Control Law No. 5018, in municipalities that are the executive element of the local government system in Turkey and undertake important economic, technical and social tasks are evaluated in general. Municipalities, which perform the necessary resource planning, budgeting, process management and reporting tasks in order to meet the needs of the citizens on a local scale, and carry out monitoring, evaluation and reporting functions within the scope of the strategic management cycle, have also adopted the increase in the quality and diversity of the services offered with the aforementioned planning style and administrative cycle. is seen. According to the results of the study within the scope of the article; In addition to the necessity of the municipalities to take precautions by considering the ongoing changes and developments in the administrative field in order to realize the aforementioned objectives, it has emerged that they should give particular importance to planning their future by determining the existing threats and opportunities, as well as their strengths and weaknesses.

EVALUATION OF THE TURKISH ELECTRICITY ENERGY MARKET WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS

Muhammed ORAL — 2024-10-28

Energy security, in its general sense, includes uninterrupted, stable and economical access to energy by a country. Although it is essentially a concept that includes demand security, there are no problems in accessing energy, because it corresponds to energy security, both in the literature and in the media, a country's supply security is understood when it is called energy security. Electrical energy is also a component of energy security concepts and practice. Since electrical energy is a basic input, it is an irreplaceable source of modern life, no matter what sector / service area it is. In this sense, electricity supply is a fundamental service and security issue for all countries. It is seen that countries have different market structures in the supply of electricity. When evaluated in Turkey, it is seen that the private sector-dominated market in electricity generation (at the level of 80%) and distribution (in all) has led to various negatives on the basis of consumers. When increasing energy prices in the world are integrated with the profit targets of the private sector, consumers access electricity at higher prices no matter which country they are for. High electricity prices affect all related sectors and can lead to inflation. Distribution system users in Turkey consist of residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural irrigation and lighting groups. In this study, the electricity history of Turkey, installed power development and market practices in the sector are addressed and it is discussed how the private sector-dominated market is reflected on the price basis of consumers in accessing electricity.

EVALUATION OF MOTHERS' VIEWS ON COPINGWITH PROBLEM BEHAVIORS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Belgin LİMAN — 2024-10-28

The aim of this study is to evaluate mothers' views on coping with problem behaviors. The study was structured as a qualitative research and the opinions of the mothers were obtained with the help of a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher. In the interview, the mothers were first asked to describe the behavioral problems they frequently encounter in their children, and then they were asked to answer questions about the first reactions and ways of coping with the problem behavior, perceived parental coping methods, whether or not mothers received support, and from whom/where they received support. The study group consists of 39 mothers whose children attend a pre-school education institution in a city center in Central Anatolia. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. According to the results, the most common problem behaviors faced by mothers in their children are stubbornness, crying behavior, being aggressive, and reluctance to choose/eat food, respectively. It was determined that mothers mostly preferred the reaction of talking about the situation and the way of coping. Participants stated that their mothers reacted more constructively in the face of undesirable behavior in the form of speaking than their fathers. When viewed holistically, it was seen that parents tried to deal with the problem with more traditional approaches (yelling, punishment or physical violence). Most of the mothers stated that they received support for the solution of the problem behaviors they experienced with their children. It has been observed that some mothers tend to cooperate with the teacher in coping with undesirable behaviors. However, a significant proportion of mothers participating in the study stated that they received support from their spouses and family elders. As a result, mothers should be encouraged to get more expert support about the problem behaviors they experience with their children and what they can do to solve these problem behaviors.

INVESTIGATION OF STRATEGIC PLANS OF RESEARCH AND CANDIDATE RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES

Ebru OSKALOĞLUKahraman ÇATI — 2024-10-28

The purpose of this research is to examine the strategic plans of universities in the context of the Performance Monitoring Index of Research Universities. The population consists of the research and candidate research universities in Turkey that are determined by the council of higher education of Turkey. The authors applied the qualitative research method to the population, which consists of the strategic plans of the research and candidate research universities. As reaching the population is neither hard nor costly, the authors preferred to use total population sampling rather than sampling. The authors analyzed strategic plans of research and candidate research universities with the descriptive analysis technique. According to the research results, it has been determined that the strategic plans of research and candidate research universities do not largely overlap with the indicators in the Performance Monitoring Index of Research Universities. It has been determined that the most frequently used indicators in the strategic plans of research and candidate research universities are "Number of Scientific Publications", "Number of Lecturers/Students in Circulation" and "Number of Active Firms Partners or Owned by Faculty Members in Technopark, Incubation Center, TEKMER". The indicators that are least included in the strategic plans of research and candidate research universities are "International Patent Document Number", "University-University Collaborative Publication Rate", "University-Industry Collaborative Publication Rate", "International Collaborative Publication Rate" and "scientific and technological research council of turkey 2244 It has been determined that the number of students in the Industry Doctoral Program is “Number of Students in the Industry Doctorate Program” and the indicators that are not included are “Publication Rate in the Top 10% of Incites Journal Impact Value” and “Fund Amount Received within the Scope of the Technology Platform Project Supported within the Scope of scientific and technological research council of turkey 1004 Program”. While "Research Capacity", which has a 25% impact on the Performance Monitoring Index of Research Universities, is the most frequently mentioned theme in strategic plans; The paper determines that the theme of “Research Quality”, which has 40% impact, is given secondary importance. The theme of “Interaction and Cooperation” with a weight ratio of 35% was determined as the least included theme in strategic plans.

MADRASAHS IN THE SOCIAL LIFE OF OF REGION IN THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD

Engin KABANErol SUNGUR — 2024-10-28

When it comes to religious life and religious education in Turkey, Of region in Trabzon province attracts attention as one of the centers that immediately comes to mind. This region takes attention with not only its religious education and the aspect of the quality of its religious life but also the area of popular culture. The image of The "Oflu Hodja"image, which has became famous throughout Turkey, emerged as a result of this interest. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the madrasah-centered religious education on the social life after the Republic in the region. In the study, the document analysis technique of the qualitative research method is used. Madrasah education in the Of region started and developed during the Ottoman Empire period. After the foundation of the Republic, with the enactment of the Law of Tevhid-i Tedrisat (Unification of Education) on March 03, 1924, the activities of the madrasa officially ended. According to the findings obtained from the results of the study; like in the Eastern and Southeastern regions of Turkey, madrasah education continued unofficially in the Of region as well. This de facto situation in the region of Of lasted until the 1980s. Of madrasas, along with their educational activities, were influential in many other areas of social life. Madrasa educators, who were respected by the public, acted as mediators in social problems, especially in legal disputes. They took part in social life by communicating with all segments of society through educational activities, sermons, conversations, weddings and funerals. In this way, they were functional in shaping the religious moral cultural structure of the region. Due to the effectiveness of madrasah activities, superstition-style beliefs could not find ground in the region. Students trained in madrasas contributed to the execution of religious services in the Republican Era by taking part in the Presidency of Religious Affairs. The effects of Of madrasas on the region make itself felt relatively in today's social life.

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES OF G20 COUNTRIES

Şükrü Mete TEPEGÖZMine GENÇ ,Muhammed IŞIK — 2024-10-28

In an ecosystem where globalization and digitalization constantly and rapidly increase, countries constantly develop and change in many subjects like technology, industry, education, climate change, sustainable investment. Group of 20 that comprises developed and developing 19 countries and European Comission, get together and share ideas and develop shared policies so that the economies can develop, progress in a planned and consistent manner, the economic factors are used effectively and thus develop sustainably. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic which emerged in the Wuhan city of China for the first time in December 12, 2019 and which has rapidly spread all around the world and profoundly shaken the economies has slowed down the economic activities as countries have withdrawn, which has had an impact on employment the most. Unemployment is one of the most important economic problems which the countries face and focus on the most to resolve. Therefore in this research, the share of agriculture, which affects the unemployment rates of the G20 member countries constituting more than two thirds of the world economy on an annual basis since 2000, within GPD, the inflation rate, import and export rates have been tested using the panel data analysis method. It has been concluded that the model fit the random effects model according to the Hausman test. Following that the assumptions were tested, and it was concluded that the model had heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and interunit correlation. The final model was obtained with the Driscoll-Kraay test, which corrected all three. According to the findings achieved with this model, it was determined that the unemployment rate was affected by agriculture’s share within the GDP in the same way as the export rates and that it was affected reversely by the inflation rate and the import rates.

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT WITH CONTINUING TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER: CASE OF LC WAIKIKI CERTIFICATE PROGRAM

Anıl Can KIRIKPınar TUNÇSAV ,Sedat ASİL ,Selin Merve AĞCA ,Zafer ÖNDER — 2024-10-28

In the face of changing competitive conditions and rapid developments in information technologies, businesses have realized that the most important resource is the trained, developed and directed workforce. As a result, they started to give more importance to qualified human capital. This has increased the importance given to education within the enterprise. With the allocation of a larger share to the training budgets, training plans have started to be prepared in more detail, and it has been understood that one of the biggest competitive advantage factors is the continuous training of the employee. In this research, which is conducted by presenting a case study from exploratory research methods, continuous and sustainable training strategies and certification programs implemented by LC Waikiki, one of the leading brands of the Turkish fashion retailers, for their employees within the framework of the corporate academy are explained with examples, and the effect of continuous education on employee and process efficiency in line with the common goals of the business is discussed. It is foreseen that this article, which describes continuous in-house training, will be a source for future studies, especially with the case analysis part. These certificate programs, which are uniquely developed in accordance with the identity and structure of the company, can be evaluated comparatively by other researchers, as well as the effects of in-house continuous training on business efficiency, loyalty, trust environment, etc. It is assumed that the effect can also be investigated using quantitative research methods.

FIBEROPTIC INTERNET PREFERENCES OF CONSUMERS

Ebubekir TÜRKMEN — 2024-10-28

Broadband and narrowband access terms are concepts that emerged in the development process of internet connection technology. Broadband internet access; consists of wired fixed, wireless fixed and mobile accesses. Wired fixed connection types include ADSL, VDSL, Satellitenet, Fiber, PLC and Ethernet. Wireless fixed access types include TTnetwifi, Vsat, tooway. Internet connection preferences of consumers have changed over the years. There are many factors among the reasons why consumers prefer internet connection. These elements include features such as speed, price advantage, connection quality. Among the general advantages of fiber optic systems are large bandwidth, light weight and small size, low transmission loss, signal security, resistance to electromagnetic environment effects, flexibility, durability and ease of use, electrical isolation, system security and ease of maintenance, low error rate. and low cost. The most preferred internet connection types are mobile mobile internet, xDSL and fiber internet connections, respectively. In general, the types of internet connections have increased over the years. But mobile computer internet connection tends to drop. Although the xDSL connection type is the highest connection type, there has been a decrease in the rate of increase in recent years. . The fastest increase in internet connection types is seen in fiber internet connection type. Fiberoptic internet preferences of consumers were evaluated in this study. Factors affecting the purchasing behavior of consumers consist of personal, social and economic factors. Determining these factors by companies will enable them to reach consumers and provide effective service..

EVALUATION OF BEYPAZARI REGIONAL PRODUCTS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF GEOGRAPHICAL MARKED PRODUCTS BY TURKISH PATENT AND TRADEMARK INSTITUTION REGISTRATION LEGISLATION

Emine KOÇAKEsengül DOĞRU — 2024-10-28

Geographical marking has become widespread in recent years due to the preservation of the quality of local products, their transfer to future generations, the promotion of the region, and the increased added value of the product by branding. Protecting local products by registering a geographical indication has an important place both at local and national scale in terms of preventing imitation of products. In this study; Within the scope of geographic marking of Beypazarı local products, it was tried to determine the opinions and practices of the local people, producers and authorities by evaluating the Turkish Patent and Trademark Authority Registration legislation. Interview method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The research participants are 12 people from Beypazarı local people, producers and officials working on geographical indication. Semi-structured interview form was used as data collection tool in the study. As a result of the study, Beypazarı local products such as Beypazarı carrot delight, Beypazarı sweet sausage with walnuts, Beypazarı grated leaves, Beypazarı tarhana, Beypazarı 60-storey baklava, Beypazarı höşmerim dessert, Beypazarı mumbarı, Beypazarı casserole can be included in the scope of geographical indication of the public and the producers do not have a study on this issue. However, it has been determined that Beypazarı Chamber of Commerce and Beypazarı Municipality have been working. Beypazarı is a town with rich cultural heritage and historical urban texture and is also included in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List. In a district with such historical and cultural heritage, attention should be paid to the registration of geographical signs. In this scope of work, the process of registering geographical signs of products should be carried out by supporting the authorities.

THE ECONOMIC ROLE OF NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL GIVING

Yusuf AYDIN — 2024-10-28

The role of Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) in recent years, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic has become particularly important. Nonprofits have a significant place in economic and social activities today but also constitute a large portion of employment in developed countries. NPOs are essential institutional actors in mobilizing regional economic growth and development, community growth and development, motivating people, and implementing social assistance programs to support government efforts at the grassroots level. There are almost 12.5 million paid workers employed by U.S. nonprofit establishments (Salamon& Newhouse, 2020). NPOs are gaining an important place in the American economy. They make significant contributions to employment, employee compensation, and expenditures on goods and services. Nonprofit organizations are a very broad sector that covers many areas from health and education services to social services, women's rights, animal rights, human rights, environmental management and so forth. This research highlights the growing importance of NPOs in the economy and draws attention to the rise of individual giving.

INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF IMAGING APPLICATIONS ON SUCCESS MOTIVATIONS IN ELITE BOXERS

Uğur AKTAŞKürşad Han DÖNMEZ ,Mustafa KAYA — 2024-10-28

The aim of this study is to examine the motivation levels of elite boxers in sports depending on the type of imagery they use. Determining the relationship between the variables of imagination and motivation in sports, while supporting the missing resources in our country, contributing to the literature is another aim of our research. Relational scanning model was used in our study to examine the success motivation levels of the visualization applications used by elite boxers, which is the aim of our research, and to determine the relationship between them. ‎The universe of the research consists of elite boxers throughout Turkey. The sample of the research consists of the athletes who are randomly selected among these elite boxers, whose athlete age is at least 5 years, and who have participated in at least 20 national and international competitions. Demographic information form, ‎Imagination in Sports Inventory and Sports-Specific Achievement Motivation Scale were used as data collection tools in the research. ‎Demographic information form was prepared by the researcher, and in this 5-item form, questions were included in order to investigate the demographic information (gender, age, category, sports age, nationality status) of the participants. As a result of the analysis of the research data, it was found that the success motivation levels of the athletes were high. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between genders and sport-specific motivation levels, that males had higher scores in the total scores of the scale, there was no statistically significant difference between their genders and their level of imagery in sports, and there was a difference between the age variable and the sport-specific motivation and imagery levels of elite boxers. It was determined that he did not come. There was a significant difference between the duration of doing sports and the sport-specific motivations of elite boxers in the sub-dimension of Approaching Success and the total scores of the scale. Athletes' success motivation levels are high and moderate positive correlations were found between their success motivation and imagination levels.