The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Year 2022 Issue Year: 15 - Number: 93

THE OPINIONS AND PRACTICES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS ON SCIENCE EDUCATION

Banu TEPEErol TAŞ — 2024-10-28

This qualitative study investigated special education teachers’ opinions and practices on science education for students with intellectual disabilities. The participants consisted of 13 special education teachers of various ages working in a special education school in the city of Giresun, Turkey in the 2017-2018 academic year. Data were collected via face to face interviews using the “demographic information form”, “semi-structured interview form” and “observation record chart form” developed by the researcher. In line with the data obtained from teachers, five themes that affect the teaching-learning process were determined: student quality, teaching method, learning material, teacher quality and learning environment. Teachers used strategies such as simplification, connection with life, concretization, and frequent repetition during science instruction. They stated to have difficulty in choosing suitable methods for science concepts and access to different kinds of materials in the learning process. In addition, it was determined that they sometimes use different environments in teaching however; they mostly use in-school learning environments due to lack of opportunities. The teachers have remarked that their science textbooks, supporting teaching materials, and teaching environments should be improved, special education teachers should be offered in-service trainings and supportive indoor and outdoor education environments should be designed and used appropriately.

SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS’ VIEWS ON THE USE OF DIGITAL GAMES IN LECTURES

Erhan GÖRMEZAyşe ALTUN — 2024-10-28

This study aimed to investigate social studies teachers’ views on using digital games in their lectures. The sample consisted of 31 Social Studies teachers from middle schools affiliated to the Van National Education Directorates in the 2020-2021 academic year. Participants were recruited using criterion sampling, which is a purposive sampling method. The study adopted a qualitative research design. Data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings obtained as a result of the thematic analysis were grouped under related themes. The codes determined from the questions asked to the teachers are given under the relevant theme headings. Frequency and percentiles related to the codes were calculated. Direct quotations from teachers' opinions supporting the findings are included. When the findings obtained as a result of the research are examined; It was determined that most of the participants did not take a course on the use of digital games in their classes, but they sometimes benefited from educational digital games in their classes. In addition, It is seen that they do not have experience in teaching the destructive aspects of global problems (such as war and terrorist acts), the importance of the War of Independence, historical periods and personalities, examples of negative communication encountered in daily life, the subjects that created the map literacy skills, geographical issues, the importance of rules through games which are prepared for commercial purposes. In addition, the teachers participating in the research expressed positive opinions about teaching many subjects in the social studies course through digital games prepared for commercial purposes.

A STUDY ON THE PROCESSES OF ART STUDENTS REGADING THEIR WORKSHOP CLASSES ( A CASE STUDY ABOUT

Hatice GENCERSelmaTAŞKESEN — 2024-10-28

In this research, it is aimed to examine the processes of the workshop classes of the students who receive art education in the education faculty in line with the Gaze approach. The study group of the research consists of six (6) senior students studying in the Department of Art-Painting Education of the Faculty of Education in a university in the Eastern Anatolia region in the 2021-2022 academic year. The study group was selected using the "purposive sampling" method. Accordingly, we preferred senior students. Because the senior students receiving art education had already completed their pre-learning process. We used photographs taken about the process, semi-structured interview form, diaries and original artistic products produced by the students as the data collection tools of this study. During the Gaze process, the students continued their photo shoots, first coincidentally and then by determining the focal points. Among the photographs taken by students, one was chosen for each student. The students in the study group interpreted the images selected through the semi-structured interview form with their own perspective. Students made inquiries on the photographs taken and the main frame was determined. The students made the original works in line with the frameworks determined by the sketches of their original works. We used descriptive analysis, which is qualitative data analysis, in the analysis of the data related to the Gaze process, which is an art-based research method. According to the results of the study, the students carried out the process successfully. In the photographs they interpreted, each student expressed their own point of view and created original works in which they revealed their ego in accordance with the process.

ETHICS AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL

Büşra TOMBAK-İLHAN — 2024-10-28

Ethics is a multidisciplinary concept with strong ties to education. Ethics education, which is given directly or indirectly at all levels of education, is presented as teaching ethics at university level, school ethics and ethics education. University students receive ethics education either directly through courses with ethical content, or through the social atmosphere, teaching methods, social acceptance/rejection systems and/or educational culture. In teacher education, ethics has a special importance due to its relationship with the field of education and the teaching profession. In this context, thisstudy tries to understand how pre-service teachers perceive ethics thorugh the Mach IV scale, the effects on their ethics perceptions and the relationship between their attitudes towards teaching as a subject and ethics. The research was conducted at a state university in Istanbul. The participants of the study consist of 146 students from departments of primary education, social studies education, mathematics education and Turkish education. The effects of gender and department were tested to affect students' ethical perceptions. In addition, the relationship between students' attitudes towards teaching and their ethical perceptions was also analyzed. It was seen that the department and gender did not make a statistically significant difference on the ethical understanding of the students. In addition, there was no statistically significant correlation between the attitudes of the students towards teaching as a profession and their understanding of ethics. Only a statistically significant correlation was found between ethical tactics and attitude towards teaching. The findings were discussed in terms of teacher ethics and teacher ethics.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE: A FIELD STUDY ON HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATES

Mustafa MEMİŞHüseyin CERTEL — 2024-10-28

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of religiosity levels of individuals with higher education on their scientific attitudes. The research consists of higher education graduate individuals (n=562) residing in Antalya and its districts. Münchner Motivational Religiosity Scale, Attitude towards Science Scale and Personal Information Form were used in the research, and the participants were reached by online method. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 22 statistical program. Independent t-test technique and one-way ANOVA technique were used in the research. In addition to the analyzes made, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation values from descriptive statistics were used to determine the mean scores obtained from the scales. Frequency analysis was used to determine the percentage distributions regarding the demographic information of the sample. According to the data obtained from the research, it has been seen that the motivational religiosity and scientific attitude levels of higher education graduates are high. When the research data are examined, the scientific attitude levels of the individuals participating in the study do not differ significantly according to the variables of age, gender and marital status; It has been concluded that there is a significant difference according to the variables of higher education level, higher education field, profession, income status, perceived religiosity level. However, when the Motivational Religiosity Scale and Attitude Towards Science Scale scores were compared, it was seen that there was no significant relationship between the religiosity levels of the participants and their scientific attitudes. . In other words, it was concluded that the decrease or increase in the level of religiosity of the individuals did not affect the scientific attitude levels of higher education graduates. In addition, in the study, it was observed that graduates of theology, religious individuals and religious services workers had very low scientific attitudes.

A STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION

Aysun Ferrah GÜNERÖzlem GEYLANİ — 2024-10-28

Courses such as design studios, building technology, project management in architectural education are now evaluated in the context of information technology supported courses. Students mainly procure the software they use in these courses from the internet, learn to use these software by studying or researching digital information sources such as YouTube, Google, downloading books, CAD projects from the internet, using communication networks such as WhatsApp, access to additional information and resources about the courses. This situation actually shows that social networks and audio/visual communication channels create an independent learning environment with the use of information technologies. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the use of information technologies and its contribution to architectural education within the scope of connectivity approach that explains learning on networks and rhizometic learning method which express that internet offer a social learning opportunity, as the learning theory of digital age. In the study conducted for this purpose, an online questionnaire was sent to the students of the architecture faculty at a foundation university in Istanbul during the pandemic process and 99 students were participated. The data such as software used by the students, the effect of these software on the success of the course, what learner behaviors students show on networks, were defined with the help of SPSS package program and the hypotheses put forward within the scope of the research were tested. With the analysis made, it was seen that there is a linear and positive relationship between the effect of using software in architectural education on the success of the course and learner behaviors on networks.

WINDOWS AS ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING COMPONENTS AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR APPLICATIONS OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

Özlem ATALAN — 2024-10-28

The materials and techniques used in the buildings are evidence of the technology of the period in which the building was built. The windows and glasses of the buildings reflect both the technology of the period and the culture of life. The windows, which are an important structural element of the buildings, open the living spaces to the outside. With this, they are important building elements that allow light and air to enter the building. In the historical process, window openings have been made in the buildings for the purpose of letting the air in and dispersing the light to the spaces. These gaps have been closed with some protective materials over time. For the protection of spaces, the most appropriate solution is provided by using glass for these gaps. Since 3000 BC, glass material has been used both as a living and building material. With the introduction of glass into human life as a building material, spaces have been enlightened and various new spaces have begun to be created. The construction and development of windows in buildings has been an important process affecting architecture. The design of the window as a building element, together with glass, accelerated the transformation of introverted and dark spaces into bright and transparent spaces. The application of glass together with the window has led to the development of different window types. Many types of windows are used in traditional and monumental buildings. Within the scope of this research, the existence process of windows in architecture will be briefly explained. However, within the scope of the research, the development process of the window in Anatolian traditional architecture will be examined. In addition, the windows of European and Turkish traditional houses will be compared by looking at some exemplary photographs and engravings in the historical process according to their periods.

EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF INCREASING OWN REVENUES OF MUNICIPALITIES

Mustafa TUNAErol DEMİR ,Emrullah TÖREMEN — 2024-10-28

Municipalities in Turkey can be grouped according to their types as metropolitan municipalities, metropolitan district municipalities, provincial municipalities, district municipalities and town municipalities. In this context, there are 1390 municipalities. Municipalities are organizations with administrative and financial autonomy established to meet local services. Municipalities need revenues to carry out the tasks assigned to them. The revenues of the municipalities consist of their own revenues and the shares they receive from the central government. It is important in terms of budgeting that these revenues are met by the municipalities' own revenues, which are realized as a result of their own activities and under their control. These incomes are generally income such as taxes, fees, pays, property and enterprise incomes and fines. Another important source of income for municipalities is transfers from the central government and other units. In this study, the own income items of municipalities are emphasized. In this context, the share of own revenues in budget revenues, their ratio to tax revenues and the share of central budget in total budget revenues are evaluated by type of municipality. In the study, when all municipalities are examined within the scope of the financial autonomy of municipalities, it is seen that half of their revenues are provided from their own revenues. When this situation is analyzed in terms of municipality types, it is seen that approximately one fourth of the revenues of metropolitan municipalities are met from their own revenues. In the study, it has been examined how to increase the existing own revenues of municipalities. Suggestions regarding current own incomes are presented. In addition, TIF model has been proposed for municipalities to increase their own revenues. In short, this model is the acquisition of real estate values, which are increased as a result of the projects or investments of the municipality, to the municipality as tax. With these increasing values, it is envisaged that the municipality will finance these projects and investments.

TRANS-AESTHETIC OF TIKTOK: FROM FLUXUS TO KITSCH CULTURE

Savaş KESKİNGökhan KÖMÜR — 2024-10-28

This study, which tries to test the participation culture of social media with techno-artistic and techno-kitsch approaches apart from the techno-optimist and techno-pessimist approaches, includes a trans-aesthetic examination of TikTok's unique production culture and the mediatic efforts of its producers. Centered with a reflective perspective, trans-aesthetics points to the loss of contrasts, contradictions and distinctive features between symbols that converge and hybridize in every way. It is related to aesthetic judgments, in other words, to the 'relativity' of art, in terms of announcing that the difference in quality between the ugly and the beautiful has come to an end. Fluxus, which emerged as a kind of anti-art and anti-aesthetic with the motto of "Do it yourself", is an artistic revolution as it derives art from the components of daily life on the flow-becoming axis. It is an important question whether TikTok videos can be judged with artistic value in terms of trans-aesthetics, within the framework of the articles in George Maciunas' manifesto. Because, being able to distinguish between the adjective "trash culture" attributed to reality television by the critics or the "kitsch culture" ascription used to describe the tastelessness and the basic theses of fluxus art transesthetically, helps TikTok's theoretical framing. This study, which seeks a difference between Maciunas' theses on art and the signifiers of kitsch culture, will theoretically question the possibilities of TikTok's being or not being a trans-aesthetic art. Patterning TikTok's 'popular culture' with a trans-aesthetic view that removes the contrast between art and anti-art is an opportunity to say something new about various compromises and conflicts.

SCIENTIFIC IDENTITY OF THE CITY: ”SAKARYA

İhsan KUTLUCengizhan AYNACI ,İsmail AKYÜZ — 2024-10-28

Cities are structures that reflect the characteristics of societies and can differentiate over time. Scientific studies on cities, whose change and development are influenced by many variables, are valuable works that provide information about the general structure of the city and contribute to its development. A total of 511 studies were reached within the scope of the scan. The search was carried out in accordance with the criteria that the word "Sakarya" should only be written in the name of the thesis and in its social group. However, after the screening, a total of 22 theses were excluded from the research. The published studies are those that do not directly address the province of Sakarya, but include either name similarity or science subjects. In this research a total of 489 postgraduate theses in the National Thesis Center (YÖK-Thesis) with the word "Sakarya" in their titles were analyzed with descriptive content analysis, one of the qualitative research techniques. Accordingly, it has been observed that the theses examined have increased significantly, although not regularly, since 1986 and have come up to the present day. While the most graduate theses were carried out at Sakarya University, there were more master's theses in these theses than those written at doctoral and art qualification levels. “Education and Training”, “Labor Economics and Industrial Relations”, “Business Administration”, “Sociology” and “Geography” are the most frequently studied topics in the first topics. When the words according to the thesis titles were examined, it was seen that the three most frequently used words in the titles were “University”, “Student” and “Teacher”. At the end of the research, the current situation of the city of Sakarya in the sample of graduate theses was revealed. It is thought that the comprehensive studies to be carried out after this will enable the development of Sakarya city with many dimensions.

AN ASSESSMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE TO NEURO SCIENCE ON PSYCHANALYSIS, NEUROSCİENCE AND NEUROPSYANALYSIS

Merve TÜRKMEN — 2024-10-28

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects individuals' adaptation to life. Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are unable to focus, be hyperactive, cannot control their impulses, cannot do or continue the given tasks, etc. they show symptoms. The causes of this disorder are seen as genetic, brain damage and environmental factors. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder with behavioral, cognitive, emotional and social components. Until now, research in this field has been in the form of medicine, neuroanatomy, neurology, the functioning of the communication between nerve cells and its effect on thought and behavior, neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies conducted today shed significant light on the neurobiology of this disorder. But much of each brain circuit is individual and unique, with its social and cultural context. This makes neuronal mysteries difficult to solve. Accordingly, the aim of my study is to evaluate ADHD, which is a multifaceted disorder, in the context of psychoanalysis, neuroscience, and neuropsychoanalysis and to present integrated science as a new way to this disorder. In this study, it is aimed to blend psychoanalysis and neuroscience, which have viewed each other with suspicion and prejudice for many years, and to enter the neuroscience of subjective experience. With this new approach, it is based on combining the findings by examining the functioning of the mind both externally with brain imaging devices and internally in the context of personal experiences. Here, too, we come across the idea of treating the patient, not the disease, in the context of individual treatment. In the study, first, the concepts of psychoanalysis, neuroscience, neuropsychoanalysis will be evaluated, and then the entry of subjective experience into neuroscience will be evaluated in the context of neuropsychoanalysis. In addition, recent advances in the cognitive, emotional, and social neurosciences have allowed these fields to examine aspects of the mind that are central to psychoanalysis. These developments raise some possibilities for psychoanalysis. While many analysts welcomed the interdisciplinary exchange with the neurosciences called neuropsychoanalysis, some have expressed concerns about their potentially harmful effects on psychoanalytic theory and practice. In this study, the historical development of neuropsychoanalysis, its aims and some criticisms in this field are outlined. Next, some of the concerns expressed within psychoanalysis are discussed, with particular emphasis on the epistemological foundations of neuropsychoanalysis. It is concluded that neuropsychoanalysis is grounded in the history of psychoanalysis, is part of the psychoanalytic worldview, and is necessary, if not sufficient, for the future viability of psychoanalysis. As a result, all this naming crowding, the effort to integrate the data bank, is the need for interlocking parts. In the effort to integrate the human knowledge base, another bridge needs to be built between Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis. In this context, a new path to ADHD will be opened with integrated science.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SPORTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC EMPLOYEE TRAINERS AND THEIR OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT LEVELS

Serhat OCAK — 2024-10-28

Burnout is defined as the detachment of employees from their purpose and their inability to care about their jobs, their psychological withdrawal from work. Burnout is seen in areas that directly serve people. Burnout negatively affects the quality of service. Occupational burnout, which is frequently seen in professions based on interpersonal communication, draws attention as one of the important factors that reduce the performance of employees and the organization. Burnout can cause significant negative changes on the psychological characteristics of the person. Burnout can lead to various negative effects such as job loss, family relationship problems, psychosomatic diseases, alcohol/substance/smoking use, insomnia and depression. For this reason, it is the subject of many researches in order to be able to be noticed early and take precautions. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the performance levels of public employee trainers and their professional burnout levels. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the understanding of the factors affecting the performance of public employee trainers. The research is in relational survey model. The factors affecting the performance of public employee trainers were determined and their differentiation according to some independent variables was examined. The population of the research is the trainers working in public institutions in the 2021-2022 winter season. The sample of the study is the province of Tekirdağ, and the whole of it has been reached. Personal Information Form and Maslach Occupational Burnout Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency were calculated, and the Pearson correlation coefficient statistical technique was used while analyzing the relations between the variables. Some of the research results are as follows. The burnout levels of public employee trainers are low in total and in sub-dimensions. As the number of athletes he trains increases, the burnout of public employee trainers decreases.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF FAITH, WORSHIP AND MORALITY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR'AN

Mehmet ÇALIŞKAN — 2024-10-28

The answer to the question of why man was sent to the world is in the revelation brought by the prophets. Man is not only a material body, but a whole with his body, soul, desires, emotions and mind. He also has spiritual features that complement his material body. For this reason, Islam has seen man as a whole and has brought principles to guide him. These principles are faith, worship and morality. However, we can consider that Islam does not evaluate these issues separately, on the contrary, they complement each other as aspects that make up the life style of Muslims. The purpose of man's creation is worship. In the understanding of Islam, worship is a special way of expressing the obligatory or futile gratitude of the believer to the Creator as the reason for creation. Faith should lead to worship, worship should lead to morality. In Islam, the source of religious orders and moral duties is the Book and the Sunnah. Morality is the active field of religion. In a society dominated by good morals, religion radiates prosperity. Because if moral virtues become widespread among the members of a nation, each individual will know his own rights and duties and avoid violating the rights of the other, and thus a moral environment is created there. The principles observed in the narration of the Qur'an; Recognition of Allah and duties to Him; It is possible to list them as the development of human forces and abilities, the rights and duties of human beings with humans, the life in the hereafter and the relationship of the hereafter with the world. Islam is not just a religion, a form of prayer and worship that tells people what happens after death; At the same time, it is a religion of movement and life that takes care of and meets all the natural needs of man.

KADİ ABDULCEBBAR'S UNDERSTANDİNG OF PERSONALİTY OF ALLAH (SİFAT AL-ZAT)

Sadık TANRIKULU — 2024-10-28

When the emergence and evolution of the school of kalam, also known as tawhid and as-sifat, is analyzed, it can be seen that the attributes of Allah (as-Sifat Allah) are significant subjects of research and discussion in this school. Because kalam school aims to both know Allah without simulating and materializing and protect tawhid from denial and polytheist attacks coming from outside of Islam. Rather than talking around the personality of Allah, which transcends human understanding, Islamic scholars focused on the attributes of Allah (as-Sifat Allah) and aimed to get to know and promote Him in this way. The divine attributes, which are defined as 'the characteristics that enable Allah to be known by people' or 'the meaning and notion attributed to Allah's personality', have been systematized by different mazhab kalam and divided into various groups, taking into account their meanings. One of the scholars who have suggested important views on these attributes is Kadi Abdulcebbar, one of the prominent figures of the Mutazilah sect. In the article, the views of Kadi Abdulcebbâr on the subject of personality and attributes of Allah in general have been tried to be identified. The concepts of personality and attribute, their nature, the relationship between personality and attribute, and the division of attributes are discussed. In addition, in the article, an evaluation about Kadi Abdulcebbar’s views has been made on the basis of the division of the attributes in the form of personality, negation and actuality. Hence, his evaluations on the attributes he discussed under these headings are analyzed.

A CONCEPTUAL EXAMINATION OF SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC SPACES: A RESEARCH ON PARAMETERS

Buse AÇIK ETİKEEbru ERDÖNMEZ DİNÇER — 2024-10-28

Social sustainability, which is a sub-dimension of sustainability, has become an important tool in characterization and explanation of the welfare and well-being of the society. In recent years, social sustainability, which is an important research topic besides environmental and economic sustainability, has started to be the subject of international initiatives and scientific research. However, these studies have resulted in composing of many different models due to the place-based context (depending on the conditions in which the society lives) of social sustainability. Since these models were designed for different societies in different conditions, they lacked generalizability and differences of opinion emerged. The aim of this study is to gather a theoretical background and scattered parameters for social sustainability. The theoretical framework of the study is limited to public spaces, which represent the reflections of social sustainability on the individual and form an important part of daily experiences. For this purpose, meta-analysis was made by examining the studies in the literature, and the theoretical contents and parameters were synthesized by bringing them together. As a result, 211 criteria were obtained and grouped according to their content and reduced to 14 main parameters. These parameters contribute to social sustainability research in three ways. (1) It forms a basis for interdisciplinary scientific studies planned in this field. (2) It provides criteria for involving stakeholders in the new political and participatory planning processes of local governments and for realizing user-oriented designs. (3) It gives information about the multifaceted structure of social sustainability.