The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Year 2024 Issue Year: 17 - Number: 100

APPLICATION PROCESSES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING ACTIVITIES IN SOLVING PROBLEMS RELATED TO SUSTAINABILITY

Özlem ÇELİKKOLYasin SOYLU — 2024-10-28

Recently, interdisciplinary learning methods have come to the fore and sustainability and environmental problems have been addressed. Concerns about how the sustainability context can be included in mathematics education and the acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills in the mathematics education process discussed in this context come to the fore. Especially in interdisciplinary teaching models, problems such as mathematics remaining in the background and not being seen as relevant lead to the idea that mathematical knowledge and skills are not at the forefront during activities. This research aims to reveal the application process of mathematical modeling activities in the context of sustainability within the scope of mathematics course. The research was implemented as a case study. The research was planned in two stages. The first of these stages is the creation of mathematical modeling activities in the context of sustainability and socioecological problems. The second stage of the research is to discuss the Let's Clean Our Air, Our City Park and Sustainable Energy from Wind activities, which were created within the scope of the Sustainable Development Goals, with the students. The research was conducted with three eighth grade students. Four mathematical modeling activities in the context of sustainability developed by the researchers were discussed with the students. In addition to students' solution processes in mathematical modeling activities, awareness of sustainability, socio-ecological and environmental problems was observed. It was observed that the students carried out the mathematical modeling stages and revealed the mathematical processes in the solution process of the mathematical modeling activities, and it was determined that they made discourses regarding sustainability at these stages. It has been revealed that students can use both their interdisciplinary and mathematical knowledge and skills in modeling activities handled in the context of sustainability and socioecological problems.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROJECT WORKS CONDUCTED IN MIDDLE SCHOOLS: AN EXAMINATION FROM THE TEACHER'S PERSPECTIVE

Sevtap ARSLANAli GÖÇER — 2024-10-28

Education is a continuously evolving process aimed at enhancing students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Within this process, diversifying teaching methods and enriching learning experiences are among the fundamental objectives of education. The middle school years are considered a critical period for shaping students' academic and social skills. Project work conducted during this stage is a valuable educational tool that enables students to develop multifaceted thinking skills. These activities provide students with the opportunity to develop practical solutions to real-world problems, thereby facilitating the application of theoretical knowledge into practice.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of project-based learning activities in middle school Turkish language classes through the observations of teachers. A qualitative research method was adopted, and the study was conducted with the participation of Turkish teachers working for the Ministry of National Education. Interviews with teachers were used as a data collection tool, and the data obtained were analyzed using content analysis.

Research findings indicate that project work plays a critical role in developing students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills. The functionality of project work, the challenges encountered, and their contributions to student development have been detailed through teacher perspectives. The study has examined how project work encourages students to access information, generate original thoughts, and produce tangible products, highlighting positive effects such as increased student motivation and class participation. The research has presented concrete results on the role of project work in assessment processes and its effective use in education. The study provides educators with insights into teachers' views on the efficacy of project work in enhancing students' skills and encouraging active learning, and offers recommendations for making these activities more effective and functional.

EVALUATING SOCIAL IMPACT AND SOCIAL BENEFIT IN URBAN RAIL SYSTEM SERVICES: EXAMPLE OF ANKARA METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY

Eda TATLIİsmail SEÇER ,Caner SUNAY — 2024-10-28

School burnout has emerged as a significant problem area affecting student life in recent years. In this context, a systematic compilation and analysis of research is of great importance in order to outline the general framework of the subject. The aim of this study is to evaluate the existing literature by examining scientific publications on school burnout in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 18 studies, including 6 theses and 12 articles published between 2018 and 2022, were reviewed in the YÖK Thesis, Google Scholar, and ULAKBİM Dergipark databases. The findings obtained from the review revealed that school burnout is associated with various variables. Academic achievement, parental involvement in school, academic resilience, academic motivation, school attachment, school climate, attitude towards school, alienation from school, exam anxiety, and school dropout were found to be related to school burnout in terms of academic variables; parental attitude, peer relationships, values, personality traits, social support, self-regulation, subjective well-being, humor style, Facebook addiction, cyberbullying, cyber victimization, alexithymia, depression, and anxiety were found to be related to school burnout in terms of psychological characteristics; while gender, school type, boarding/day school attendance, and class level were found to be related to school burnout in terms of demographic characteristics. The findings were evaluated in the context of the literature. These findings indicate that research on school burnout needs to be approached from a broad perspective. It is observed that studies on school burnout are not only related to academic variables but also to psychological and demographic variables. This review study provides a new perspective on research on school burnout and can guide future studies.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE PARENT-SCHOOL COLLABORATION SCALE

Demirali Yaşar ERGİNCoşkun DOĞAN ,Semih ÇAYAK — 2024-10-28

Studies indicate that the relationship between family and school has a positive effect on student success in school. The family plays an important role in raising the child, and the importance of cooperation between school and family is increasing day by day. For this reason, parents are expected to work in coordination with teachers and school administrators in this process. A parent who thinks that their expectations are not taken into account does not actively cooperate with other actors in the school, such as teachers and administrators, about their child's educational process at school. The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determine cooperation, communication and sharing between students' parents and other stakeholders of the school. The study was conducted with 336 participants. Internet-based method was used to collect the data. The "Parent-School Cooperation Scale (VOKI)" prepared by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. The scale consists of 5 subscales and 30 Likert-style items with 4-point gradation. Study 1: Varimax rotated EFA (exploratory factor analysis) was used as scale development statistics to ascertain sub-dimensions. Item-total correlation coefficient and item-remainder correlation coefficient, Cronbach and Rulon coefficient were calculated to determine the reliability. Study 2: After the scale was structured with EFA (exploratory factor analysis) and item analysis, the construct validity was tested with CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis). CFI (Comparative Fit Index) and RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) fit indices were used to test the CFA model's suitability. Considering these criteria, CFA models were created for scales. The scale was found to be valid, reliable and available as a result of statistical procedures.

THE EFFECT OF MICRO TEACHING TECHNIQUE ON THE LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILL ATTIDTUDES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Türkan KORKMAZEmine BALCI — 2024-10-28

Teachers in order to maket he development of the four basic skills at the highest level in primary school many methods and techniques are used by. The purpose of this study is to listen to primary school students of the micro teaching method and to examine the effect on speaking ability. 64 primary scholls that saw the study group of the study in a primary school in Alanya district of Antalya province in 2023-2024 education- education it creates a 3rd grade student. In the study, quantitative research due to the research problem experimental pattern with pre-test end-test control group, which is on of the methods, was used. Previously formed groups were taken as is an done experiment and the other control group were determined. In the determined experiment (n=32) and control (n=32) groups, the applications were continued by the class teacher for 10 weeks. Applications of the micro-gregim technique Prepared by Katrancı (2013) in the first and last stages of the technique fort he grenci in the process Primary school prepared by Attitude Scale for Listening and Aktay (2022) speaking skills for studets were applied with the Attitude Scale. Quantitative data SPSS 29 package program was used in the analysis. According to these data, the Turkish Teaching Program activities applied to the control group of the micro teaching method applied to the experimental group. According to the conclusion that students are much more effective than their listening and speaking skills it has been reached. This result is looked at listening to primary school teachers to time class teachers and micro teaching method in studies carried out to improve speech skills application is recommended.

AN EXAMPLE OF PRIME MINISTER ADNAN MENDERES'S COUNTRY TRIP: AMASYA TRIP ON 8 NOVEMBER 1955

Turgut İLERİ — 2024-10-28

Turkey transitioned to a multi-party system with the establishment of the Democratic Party (DP) in 1946. Then, with the election held on May 14, 1950, the government changed hands and the newly established DP came to power. The party, which remained in power until May 27, 1960, was removed from power by a military coup. DP, which had an advantage over the rival party in the elections that brought it to power in 1950, still had the majority despite losing votes in the 1954 election. Although there was a decrease in the vote rate in the elections held in 1957, he formed the government again and had a say in the country's administration until May 27, 1960. Politicians' visits to all villages, towns and settlements and their contact with the public played a major role in winning the elections held during this period. In our country, going to the public, receiving their demands and suggestions, and listening to their complaints are among the classical election methods, but it has become a tradition for politicians to travel to the provinces and visit the people on site from time to time outside the election process. With the transition to the multi-party system, Adnan Menderes, the prime minister of the newly established government because of the change of power, like every politician, made trips and visits throughout the country to explain his policies during and outside the election periods, to make an accounting of the policies followed, or to determine the reactions of the voters and their wishes and needs. One of these trips was the trip to Amasya on November 8, 1955. Prime Minister Adnan Menderes, who was in the region for the groundbreaking ceremony of the cement factory to be built in Çorum, visited Amasya on the same day after the groundbreaking ceremony of the mentioned factory. In this study, information will be given about Prime Minister Adnan Menderes' meeting with the people of Amasya, his visit to the city, his speeches to inform the public about government policies, his introduction to the people of the region and his promises.

THE ROLE OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN CREATING AND DEVELOPING SCHOOL CULTURE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Engin İŞMehmet Ali YİĞİT — 2024-10-28

The aim of this study is to examine the role of school principals in the formation and development of school culture in secondary schools. Case study method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Data were obtained through a semi-structured interview form. The study group of the research consists of 15 secondary school principals determined by purposeful sampling method. The data were analysed using content analysis method. When the findings of the research were analysed, it was determined that the prominent elements in the formation and development of school culture are school spirit, effective communication, cooperation, development of projects that will ensure common participation, increasing social activities, sense of duty and responsibility, dedication and belonging. It can be stated that school principals have important roles in the formation and development of school culture; determining vision, exhibiting exemplary behaviours, creating communication and communication culture, providing training and development opportunities, providing effective leadership, conflict management, ensuring stakeholder participation and creating a solid school culture by protecting values. The most important task of the school principal is to provide leadership to encourage and sustain the formation of this culture. In this context, principals' leadership skills, communication strategies and visionary approaches contribute to the development of school culture on solid foundations. The results of the study reveal how school principals can positively shape school culture by using effective leadership and management strategies. These results also provide important clues for educational policies and practices. Strengthening school culture has the potential to improve the quality of not only individual schools but also the education system in general.

PHONY, PHONIES AND PHONINESS IN THE CATCHER IN THE RYE

Bülent Cercis TANRITANIRFırat KAPLAN — 2024-10-28

The Catcher in the Rye, American writer Jerome David Salinger’s sole novel written at the very beginning of the second half of the 20th century, soon after its release, created reactions with its theme, language, and the mass it appealed to. The element that the novel owes its enduring popularity to, even observable today, is the fact that American teenagers found themselves in the novel, and claimed the protagonist reflects their own inner worlds and their point of view against society just as a mirror. The novel's protagonist, Holden Caulfield, is described as a rebellious adolescent alienated from people around him, especially the adults’ world. He is ultimately inclined to run away from society because of the sense of phoniness he feels in the acts and thoughts of those people in almost every moment of his regular days. This paper will analyze the theme of the phoniness of the adult world by comparing the period depicted in the novel with modern Turkish society. This will be done through various questions concerning quotes from the novel and commentary on these quotes, highlighting the universal and timeless nature of Salinger’s work. By examining both literary and sociological perspectives, the study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of The Catcher in the Rye.

THE PLACE OF FOLK LITERATURE NARRATIVE GENRES IN SECONDARY SCHOOL TURKISH COURSE BOOKS

Rabia Gökcen KAYABAŞINeslihan GÖCEN — 2024-10-28

The Turkish nation has a unique cultural heritage. Works coming from both oral and written sources should be brought together with students at all levels of education. This will be done only through the texts in the textbooks. The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of use of folk literature narrative types in secondary school Turkish textbooks. In the study, folk literature narrative types were classified, Turkish textbooks were examined, and the text types used were revealed. Then, the frequency of use of folk literature narrative types in the textbooks was evaluated. “The data obtained in the study using the qualitative research method were tabulated and interpreted by document review. The sample group of the research consists of secondary school Turkish textbooks taught in Turkey. These textbooks are for 5th grades (Anıttepe Yay).; In 6th grades (MEB and Ata Yay.); In 7th grades (MEB and Özgün Yay.); Prepared by (MEB) for 8th graders. A total of 240 reading and listening texts, including free reading texts, were examined. As a result of the examinations, it was concluded that the most frequently used type of narrative text on the basis of classes is story. The least mentioned narrative text types are epic and anecdote. It has been observed that there are no folk songs, poems, lullabies and nursery rhymes among the texts in Turkish textbooks. The study showed that folk literature narrative genres are rarely included in Turkish textbooks. It has been determined that the given speciesdo not have a balanced distribution.

HOW WERE WE MANIPULATED? TURKISH AND GERMAN ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE 20TH CENTURY

Funda ÜLKEN — 2024-10-28

The field of advertising is an intriguing research subject for numerous scientific disciplines. Advertising is addressed in numerous scientific journals from different disciplines, covering advertising practices and individual advertising research. Research in the field of advertising is approached from various angles, including marketing, communication, psychology, and consumer behavior. The focal points of these studies involve examining marketing strategies, consumer responses, and the effects of advertising campaigns, providing crucial insights for companies to develop more effective marketing strategies, better respond to consumer needs, and sustain the competitive advantage of brands. In the context of successful advertising, it is highly important to associate the fundamental psychological needs of consumers and subconscious orientation—such as love, joy of life, the desire for success, and social recognition—with the product. The ability of advertising to convey the right message and prompt consumer action can be achieved through the proper use of manipulation techniques. The art of rhetoric, used in print advertisements, stands out as one of the most effective manipulation applications.Various linguistic elements belonging to different linguistic categories such as 'Address', 'Imperative', 'Rhetorical Question', 'Aestheticized Language', 'Euphemism', 'Negation', and 'Claim' are used in advertising in an impressive and effective manner. Elements like address, imperative, and rhetorical questions can be employed to capture and influence the consumer's attention. Aestheticized language and euphemisms are crucial for emphasizing the positive aspects of a product or service. Negations can highlight how a product differs from others, while claims are used to communicate the advantages of a product or service to the consumer. In this study, the rhetorical figures of 'Address', 'Imperative', 'Rhetorical Question', 'Aestheticized Language', 'Euphemism', 'Negation', and 'Claim' used as manipulation techniques in German and Turkish print advertisements between 1993 and 1996 are examined from a semantic perspective, revealing similarities and differences between the two languages.

STUDENT OPINIONS ON THE PERSONAL IMAGES OF VISUAL ARTS TEACHERS

Aybala DEMİRCİ AKSOYZekiye AKALIN ,Aybige DEMİRCİ ŞENKAL — 2024-10-28

The purpose of this research is to determine the status of visual arts teachers regarding their professional images and the factors that affect their professional images. In line with this general purpose, it is aimed to determine the professional images of visual arts teachers, the factors affecting the professional image and their personal images from the students' perspective. A study on the professional images of visual arts teachers, who are perceived as representatives of art and culture in schools, has not been found in the literature. It is thought that this study will contribute to the related literature scientifically. In this direction, a 35-item questionnaire was created from the quantitative data collection tools. In this research, a professional image questionnaire consisting of four factors: visuality, communication level, self-confidence, experience and experience was applied. In the quantitative aspect of the research, the sample consists of 200 students studying at the project school Nermin Mehmet Çekiç Anatolian High School and Atatürk Anatolian High School in Ankara province, Yenimahalle district in the 2023-2024 academic year. This study will enable visual arts teachers to evaluate their images from the eyes of students. If the result of the evaluation of the visual arts teachers' image in terms of variables is negative, it will be a reference for what can be done to correct the image.

PATIENCE AND THE SŪRAT AL-ʿAŚR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EFFECTS OF THE AGE OF SPEED ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

Nurullah DENİZER — 2024-10-28

The Qur'ân al-kerîm is a book whose addressee and content is not limited to the period in which it was revealed. Its commands, prohibitions, wisdom and recommendations are intended for all people after its revelation. For this reason, the Qur'an should be read with a view that will respond to the needs of today's people, their questions and problems, and their address and solution suggestions should be identified. In this article, firstly, the negative effects and problems caused by the speed brought by today's technology, which facilitates many areas of life, on the individual and society will be determined. Afterwards, the solution offered by the Qur'an to these current problems, which are growing like an avalanche with the rapid development of technology, will be put forward. In this context, firstly, the content of the expression ‘the age of speed’ is depicted in general and the effects of speed on various dimensions of social life such as communication, culture and economy are mentioned. Then, ʿAṣr Sūrah, the 103rd sūrah of the Holy Qur'ān, which was sent as a guide for human life, which begins by swearing by time and emphasising that people are in loss, is discussed. It is tried to explain the way this sūrah shows people to eliminate hastiness and intolerance, which is one of the drawbacks caused by the demand for speed and addiction. Thus, it is aimed to emphasise the unbreakable relationship of the Qur'an with contemporary life, based on the fact that the Qur'an addresses every time and place. Another aim of the study is to emphasise the importance of reading the Qur'an for the solution of contemporary problems by establishing its relationship with contemporary life through the selected sample subject.

REFLECTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA, RELIGION/EDUCATION RELATIONSHIP IN PRACTICE

İsmail DEMİR — 2024-10-28

One of the most important issues between religion and social media is the view that social media causes religion to move away from traditions. One of the most important problems of social media in an individual's social life is the desire to be liked on these platforms under the influence of the consumer society. The view that the desire to be liked on these platforms will cause social reality to disappear and people's lives to turn into a universe of simulations is becoming widespread. In other words, the appearance that wants to be perceived as a reality is to present or try to show (simulate) something that is not real as if it were real, and to use a tool, a machine, a system, a model or a computer for the purpose of examining, showing or explaining the specific functioning of a phenomenon. The fact that it appears as the main reason why the problem of artificial reproduction (simulation) through the program appears as a form of expression. On the other hand, perception, attitude and suggestion, which are the information transfer processes of social media, have an important place in terms of education in general and religious education in particular. This educational process primarily relates to the individual's perception of the information he encounters on social media. Then, with the assimilation of this, the attitude formed in the individual and the subsequent indoctrination to other individuals, the religious education process obtained from social media is completed. Especially in the fields of religious knowledge and religious education, posts are made and spread on social media platforms without citing sufficient sources and research. In reality, what are individuals' opinions about religious posts on social media platforms? What do religious posts on these platforms mean to individuals? To what extent do individuals trust religious information received from this source? The study was put forward to find answers to such questions.

EVALUATION OF ISLAM’S MIGRATION AND SOCIAL COHESION PERSPECTIVE IN TERMS OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Muhammed Emin ŞİMŞEK — 2024-10-28

This article emphasises that evaluating Islam's perspective on migration and social integration in terms of religious education is a critical step. Migration stands out as a phenomenon that has gained importance in our age. Migration refers to people changing the places where they live. This change can sometimes take place individually and sometimes socially. People may migrate to different settlements by leaving the administrative borders where they live, either voluntarily or compulsorily. Therefore, migration is a complex process that brings various social consequences. The reasons for migration may vary. While individuals may migrate voluntarily for reasons such as job opportunities and better living conditions, coercive factors such as wars, exile or natural disasters may also lead people to leave their places of residence. In addition, the development of transnational communication tools with technological developments, people's desire to reach better living conditions and the effort to keep up with the global world have led to a great increase in voluntary migration. It is necessary to see that migration is not only a geographical change of place, but also a cultural interaction. The phenomenon of migration, which has been experienced in various forms in Islamic history, can shed light on today's adaptation policies. Hijrah was not only a geographical relocation, but also demonstrated Islam's understanding of social harmony and embracing differences. Hijrah includes basic Islamic values such as coexistence, respect for differences, solidarity and solidarity. Islam's perspective on migration and social integration makes these practices even more meaningful. Islam idealises core values such as tolerance, solidarity, coexistence and respect for differences. These values can help migrants to adapt to new societies and to establish better relations with the native population. The experiences of migrating scholars and Muslim traders in Islamic history show that migration enhanced both the spread of Islam and communication between different societies. The migration of Islamic scholars provided the opportunity to carry and spread the teachings of Islam to new societies, which also increased the cultural richness of Islam. The migrations of Muslim traders enhanced economic and trade relations, as well as the spread of Islam across vast geographies and increased interaction between different cultures. Religious education curricula are an effective ways of transmitting these values to younger generations. Islam's perspective on migration and social integration can be included in the religious education curriculum to emphasise solidarity, tolerance and coexistence. The curriculum of Imam Hatip Schools can offer students the opportunity to learn about Islam's concept of migration from both theoretical and practical perspectives. In theology and Islamic sciences departments, Islam's perspective on migration and integration can be analysed in more depth. Through non-formal religious education tools, this perspective can be conveyed to a large segment of the society. As a result, Islam's perspective on migration and social integration can be included in the religious education curriculum and contribute to raising future generations as understanding, tolerant and versatile individuals. These values of Islam should be considered as an important step in understanding the enriching and transformative effects of migration on societies and transferring these values to future generations. This perspective, which aims to apply the deep-rooted values of Islam in the contemporary context by making a connection with the phenomenon of migration, can make a significant contribution to the realisation of social integration.

ABDULLATIF HARPUTI'S METHOD OF RESORTING TO THE SUNNAH IN MATTERS OF ITIQAD

Esra YILDIRIM — 2024-10-28

Abdullatif Harputi is one of the scholars and intellectuals who emerged in the late period of the Ottoman Empire. During his lifetime, he was among those who advocated for the renewal of theological thought in the face of contemporary scientific developments. Harputi, who held various official positions including the post of professor, emphasized rational proofs as well as evidence derived from the Qur'an and Sunnah in his works. It can be said that he remained faithful to the fundamental issues and methods of theology in his written works. While he adopted mostly later period concepts in epistemology, he frequently referred to verses of the Qur'an and especially hadiths in matters of creed. Additionally, he took into account the views of Islamic scholars and traditional beliefs, occasionally expressing his own opinions within the framework of relevant narratives. In his explanations regarding the nature of the vision of Allah (ru'yetullah), a theological topic, he considered the reports he encountered. Similarly, he accepted the validity of certain miracles attributed to the Prophet Muhammad based on narrations. In determining the matters and specifics of the Hereafter, he generally turned to hadiths immediately after relevant verses of the Qur'an. Harputi shaped his approach to topics such as the punishment of the grave, questioning in the grave, the bridge (sırât), and signs of the Day of Judgment around related narratives. His method of resolving matters of belief and the importance he attributed to hadiths indicate his adherence to a traditional understanding of the Sunnah. Therefore, this study aims to identify Harputi's approach to the authenticity of the Sunnah within the framework of various theological topics he addressed. Accordingly, emphasis will be placed on his method of using the Sunnah as evidence.

'ABDULLÂH GALÎKÛRÎ AND HIS WORK NAMED AL-I'LÂL

Basri ALAN — 2024-10-28

In this study, we investigated the life of ‘Abdullâh Galîkurî (d. after 1099/1687) one of the important linguists of the Arabic morphology science who lived in Bahdinan (İmadiye) Emirate in the 12th-13th century Hijri. At the same timewe discussed His work titled “al-İ'lâl”. We examined Galîkurî's life in terms of the political, social and scientific situations of the period. We evaluated the work titled al-İ'lâl in terms of its content, sources, subject order, style, definitions, examples, istishhads and the rules it explains. One of the factors that makes this work important is the commentary method followed by Galîkurî. Unlike other 'Izzî commentators, Galîkurî explained the text in a simple and fluent language. . He did not neglect to explain the originals of every witness and example mentioned in the text. In addition, she mentioned many usage rules in a way that does not disrupt the flow of the text. By collecting the letters related to these rules into various words, he ensured that they were permanent in the mind. This type of work has been a book of i‘ilâl and ishtiqaaq from beginning to end. Another important feature of the work is that it is a commentary on the work named Tasrîfu’l-'İzzî' by Zancânî (d. 660/1261), which has been taught in the curriculum of madrasahs from the day the work was written until today. Important scholars such as Mela Yunus Halkâtînî, İmadeddin Rashpojan and Molla Qutbaddin Târonî were influenced by Galkûrî in their works. Apart from an article, no study has been done about Galîkûrî and this work before, and the work has not been investigated. In our study, it is aimed to contribute to the morphology by examining Galîkûrî and this important work.

MOHAMMAD B. SALIH AL-KARABISI AND HIS WORK AL-FURUK

Fikri Ferid KÖSE — 2024-10-28

In this article, Muhammad B. Salih al-Karabisi al-Samarqandi and his work Kitab al-Furuq will be analyzed. Al-Karabisi was a fiqh scholar who lived at the end of the third and first quarter of the fourth century and belonged to the Hanafi madhhab. His Kitab al-Furuq is one of the first works of the science of furuq. The fact that this work is one of the first works written in the field and has a systematics in itself increases the importance of this study. At the same time, it also served as a source for the works of later fiqh scholars to a great extent. The science of Furuq is a branch of fiqh that deals with the issues of fiqh that are similar in appearance but different in terms of ruling and legal evaluation, or that are subject to the same ruling even though they are different in form. Kitab al-Furuq was edited by al-Zehrani and it is a very valuable work in terms of bringing this work to the world of science and being a source for this article. In this study, first of all, al-Karabisi's life and scholarly personality are discussed. Following this, information about the science of furuq is given and the books written in other sects in the field of furuq are also mentioned. The place and importance of Kitab al-Furuk, the original text of which is in Arabic, in the fiqh literature is mentioned. Information about the author's method of processing the subjects and the order of processing the subjects is given. A few chapters have been translated to show how the author handled an issue related to the science of furūq. In this way, it is aimed to contribute to academic studies in the field of this department.

AN OTTOMAN SETTLEMENT IN BAGHDAD IN THE 19TH CENTURY: RUSAFA REGION INFANTRY BARRACKS/CENTRAL BARRACKS AND GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS

Büşra Nur GÜLEÇ DEMİRELNuran KARA PİLEHVARİAN — 2024-10-28

In this article, the architectural ensemble of structures in Baghdad, the capital of the Ottoman Iraq province (eyalet), including the infantry barracks, palace / government house, governor's house, military high school, Kotah Bridge, and the clock tower in barrack square, is examined in terms of its architectural aspects. The social, administrative and political background of the architectural arrangements carried out during the Tanzimat Period and beyond in this area located on the left bank of the Tigris River in the Rusafa region of the city is explored. Despite its distant location from the center, Baghdad Province has always held a significant position in the eyes of the Ottoman state due to its spiritual values. In the 19th century, Sultan II. After Mahmud's reforms aimed at changing the state organizational structure and various rebellions and separations in the Balkan lands, various construction activities were observed throughout the Ottoman geography. It is seen that the basis of these activities is administrative changes and new building types that emerge accordingly. Various structures such as barracks, government buildings, industrial facilities, industrial schools, schools (military and civilian middle and high schools, military academy, gendarmerie school, law school, teacher training school, police school), customs buildings, police station buildings, tram organization buildings, telegraph office buildings, and newly organized hospitals for different diseases were among the types of buildings constructed. The public focus in the Baghdad-Rusafa region, which is examined in the article and consists of different structures, has undergone various changes over time due to natural disasters such as floods caused by the overflowing of the Tigris River and the addition of new units as needed. This focus, which includes various types of structures, site selection, and architectural styles used, has reached the present day through occasional transformations. The architectural ensemble's potential to convey political messages through its architectural features, such as the types of buildings it encompasses, the choice of location, and the architectural styles used, can be seen as a significant initiative for establishing/strengthening central authority and ensuring regional security. Baghdad, which has frequently faced security issues throughout its historical process, necessitated the strengthening of central authority and regional security due to the establishment of the 6th Army and the empowerment of appointed governors in terms of authority. In addition to these military steps, attempts were made to contribute to the resolution of security issues hindering trade, social life, and architectural development in Baghdad through architectural activities, ultimately aiming to strengthen central authority

DATA SET IN HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT CLINIC OPTIMIZATION

Muhammed Fatih ÇETİNTAŞNesip Ömer EREM — 2024-10-28

Objective: The aim of this study is to create a data set and establish the background for any model or optimization study to be created for the optimization of the hospital clinic. Study; it is designed within the framework of the question of what is the background of data set formation for hospital polyclinic optimization. It is the main purpose of the study to create a series set for state hospitals outpatient clinics by scanning through state hospitals.

Background: Health structures are the most complex functional structural group. We can easily express this in terms of both functional relationships and the relationship between the user group and the size of the service. The study focused on 100 beds of state hospital polyclinic s. In the light of current developments, the designs of non-functional hospital polyclinic s and the way in which they are joined together have been attempted with all their requirements. In order to obtain a data set in the study, literature research was carried out with various sources and sample projects were examined. In the literature, national and inter-transportional sources are included. The forms and standards of the outpatient clinic plans investigated from the sources are presented by compiling in this study. All the standards compiled are aimed to create a data set for hospital polyclinic studies.

Methods: The study took advantage of literature scanning techniques and observation and analysis.

Conclusions: The study, which took advantage of a variety of domestic and foreign literature, is expected to be a guide to data set formation and study for a model with optimum solution (in terms of access and planning efficiency) for designers and users. It is hoped that the data presented in the study will serve as a guide for optimum design solutions.

EVALUATING ARCHITECTURE FROM A NEUROSCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE CONTEXT OF USER AND DESIGNER-CENTERED STUDIES

Zeyneb Ayla KİRENCİ ERUZUNAslı SUNGUR ,Çiğdem CANBAY TÜRKYILMAZ — 2024-10-28

Neuroscience is the branch of science that studies the human nervous system. The relationship between neuroscience and architecture was established to offer a new perspective on understanding the brains of architects/designers or those who experience architectural products. The association of neuroscience with architecture emerged primarily as a way of thinking. It has begun to be considered as a method proposal based on the questions of architecture that is good for people, architecture that affects negatively, and architecture that heals. Over time, various techniques were included in the studies, and more concrete data was obtained.

This study aims to classify the fields of neuroscience and architecture according to their subjects and examine the studies on related subjects and the methods and techniques used. Within the scope of the study, architecture, and neuroscience studies were examined in two groups: user-oriented and designer-oriented studies. While user-oriented studies involve analyzing the reactions of users who experience the architecture, Designer-focused studies analyze the reactions of architects or designers and the changes that occur in their brains during the design process. Another issue is the methods and techniques used in neuroscience and architecture studies, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. The techniques used in neuroscience studies are examined under three headings in this study: neuroimaging techniques, physiological measurement techniques, and other measurement techniques, including traditional methods.

Particularly in recent years, the number of studies using one or more of these methods has been increasing. This opens a new interdisciplinary window to the field of architecture. Thus, it is becoming widespread as a field that enables the production of new information by obtaining concrete data to understand the mental world of architects and to create design criteria for more livable cities based on user experience.

EVALUATING SOCIAL IMPACT AND SOCIAL BENEFIT IN URBAN RAIL SYSTEM SERVICES: EXAMPLE OF ANKARA METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY

Sevilay BOSTANCIYeşim TANRIVERMİŞ (ALİEFENDİOĞLU) — 2024-10-28

This study aims to evaluate the social impact by considering the social benefit and impact of the urban rail systems in Ankara. A survey was conducted with 132 people who use public transportation in Ankara. The results of the survey were analyzed in the SPSS program and hypotheses were tested. According to the results of the study, suggestions were made for the improvement of urban rail systems. According to the results of the survey; the most preferred type of vehicle when using public transportation; while subway (78.6%) is used. It is seen that (85.5%) of the users are aware of the EGO CEPTE application. Passengers (51.1%) are satisfied with the information provided by the General Directorate of EGO (bus stop points, in-vehicle information, etc.). The reasons why users prefer to use urban rail systems are listed as; reaching the destination in the shortest time (58.8%), low price (35.9%), parking problems (34.4%), and comfort (27.5%). According to the results of the survey, the level of satisfaction with public transportation services; very satisfied and satisfied answers from EGO buses and subway are at the highest rate. Those who participated in the survey do not think that the connection of rail systems to other transportation systems such as buses, minibusses, etc. is sufficient. As a solution offered to this problem, the establishment of an integrated transportation system is a necessity. A single ticket system, an electronic ticket system that will be valid in all transportation systems such as buses, rail systems, ÖHO (Private Public Bus), ÖTA (Private Public Transport Vehicle), minibusses, and taxis should be developed. In addition, the social benefit is of great importance for the society, therefore, public transportation systems should be developed and extended in order to provide social benefit. Policies should be established accordingly both by the central and local administrations.

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF MELEN STREAM WITH TRAVEL COST AND CONTINGENT VALUATION METHODS

Büşra KARABAYAlper SÖNMEZ — 2024-10-28

The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of the recreational use of Melen Stream in Düzce province in Turkey by using travel cost method and conditional valuation method. In the travel cost analysis, a negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the per capita consumer surplus value. As the demand function, the linear demand function was preferred. Unlike the literature, two different variables have been created for individual travel costs: (i) travel cost per person and (ii) travel cost per person which includes the opportunity cost of time. In the conditional valuation method, the logistic regression model was used to estimate the willingness to pay per capita. With the conditional valuation method, it was tried to reveal the willingness to pay of the visitors to the Melen stream. For this purpose, visitors' willingness to pay for their visit to the recreation area was estimated and the variables that had an impact on this willingness to pay were identified. In order to estimate visitors' willingness to pay within the framework of conditional valuation analysis, questions were asked to visitors in four (4) different methods. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: (i) according to the travel cost method, consumer surplus per capita was calculated as 5,111 TL (693 USD); (ii) according to the contingent valuation method, the willingness to pay value per person was calculated as 24,170 TL (3,275 USD); (iii) the total economic value of Melen stream for 2020 was estimated between approximately 7.3B TL (996M USD)/year and 34.7B TL (4.71B USD)/year.

MUNICIPALITIES IN TERMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: THE SAMPLES OF KIRIKKALE MUNCIPALITY - AMASYA MUNICIPALITY

Demet CANSARAN — 2024-10-28

With the increase in environmental problems, concerns about protecting the fundamental value of the environment have also increased. Environmental protection measures are essential to ensure environmental sustainability. The study aims to emphasise this concern in the case of a provincial municipality and to provide recommendations in this context. In this study, the literature review was firstly conducted, followed by an examination of a local government with major duties and responsibilities in the field of environmental protection, and the environmental protection activities carried out between 2020 and 2024, which were obtained from the websites of Kırıkkale, an industrial city, and Amasya, a tourism city, selected as samples, were analysed comparatively with the content analysis research method, and implications were made.The findings of the study indicate that Kırıkkale municipality initiated and finalised important projects on environmental problems such as water, waste, and green areas in order to protect the environment between 2020-2024. Amasya municipality, on the other hand, focused on projects on water, wastes and green environment. The fact that the efforts made by Kırıkkale Municipality in terms of environmental protection have been performed on water and waste, which are the most troublesome issues for the people of Kırıkkale, is significant in terms of meeting the needs of the local people. In particular, the project that enables the public to comfortably utilise tap water is valuable in the sense that the public has access to local needs. In addition to similar projects with Kırıkkale municipality, such as water and waste, it is seen that Amasya municipality is more oriented towards projects to increase the green environment, especially in its works for special children, disabled and elderly individuals. Nevertheless, ensuring the continuity of urban and environmental services in accordance with the principle of continuity in service, even if the municipal administration changes, is of great importance. At this point, especially continuation of the ongoing projects in these municipalities, even if the municipal administrations change hands, plays an important role in terms of continuity in service.

KAFKAESQUE INFLUENCES IN POST-2000 TURKISH CINEMA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FILMS KÜÇÜK KIYAMET (2004), KORKUYORUM ANNE (2009), GİŞE MEMURU (2010) AND KERR (2021)

M. Özer ÖZKANTAR — 2024-10-28

Literature and cinema can be defined as two arts that feed on each other, complement each other and enable the creation of many versatile products within this relationship. So much so that while dozens of films from the past to the present have been adapted from works of literature, especially in recent years, some films can turn into novels or stories. In this process, there is a strong influence of novel and story writers, and the contributions of directors and scriptwriters who can establish strong ties with literature make important contributions to this mutual and multifaceted communication. In this multi-layered relationship, the famous writer Franz Kafka also has an important share. Kafka has made significant contributions to today's cinema wi the despair, alienation, fear, uncertainty, bureaucracy, chaos and grotesque images he created in his works. At this point, it has been observed that many directors emulate Kafka in their films, thus Kafkaesque projections are reflected in the cinematic climate in countless films. It can be stated that the Kafka influence is also present in many films in Turkish Cinema. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to create a perspective on Kafkaesque extensions in post-2000 Turkish Cinema. Accordingly, the films Küçük Kıyamet (2006), Korkuyorum Anne (2009), Gişe Memuru (2010) and Kerr (2021) were selected through purposeful sampling method and analyzed within certain categories within the framework of Kafkaesque features through descriptive analysis method. As a result, it has been observed that many directors in Turkish Cinema from past to present have been influenced by Kafka, and within the selected samples, it has been assumed that this situation continues in post-2000 Turkish Cinema.

“ALL THAT IS SOLID MELTS INTO THE AIR: THE EXPERIENCE OF MODERNITY” A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE CULT WORK OF MARSHALL BERMAN

Fatih ARSLAN — 2024-10-28

This study revisits Marshall Berman’s influential book “All That Is Solid Melts Into The Air: The Experience Of Modernity”, almost 40 years after its publication in New York in 1982. The title is taken from the Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1888. The book is centred on the fundamental contradictions of social and economic modernisation with modernism. In his book, Berman endeavours to show that remembering the modernisms of the 19th century can give us the vision and courage to create the modernisms of the 20th century, based on the idea that “going back can be a way of going forward”. Modernity is defined as ‘being part of a world where everything solid has evaporated’. In the book, modernism is analysed through literature, art and architecture with examples from different time periods and geographies. With examples of Goethe's ‘Faust’, Baudelaire's Paris, the modernisation of St. Petersburg and New York, Berman explains modernity not only as a historical period but also as a state of mind and lifestyle. By examining the nature of modernism that both liberates and alienates individuals, Berman offers readers a rich perspective from which to grasp the complexity and paradoxes of the modern world. Berman also draws attention to Marx's modernity by referring to the image of ‘Everything solid is evaporating’ in the manifesto, which gives the book its title. This study attempts to explain Berman's views by expanding them, especially with the criticisms made by Perry Anderson. Criticisms against Berman have come about the periodization and Eurocentrism etc. that he used to define modernity.

THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY IN CRIME AND PUNISHMENT AND GENERAL COMMUNIQUÉS: AN EVALUATION IN THE CONTEXT OF TAX PENALTY LAW

Esra KESKİN — 2024-10-28

One of the fundamental universal principles of criminal law, the "principle of legality in crime and punishment," also holds significant importance in the context of tax penalty law. This principle, which ensures that there can be no crime or punishment without a law, is a crucial legal safeguard in the context of individual rights and freedoms, and particularly in terms of protecting the right to property in tax law. From the perspective of criminal law, this principle, which has its legal basis in various laws, the Constitution, and significant texts such as the European Convention on Human Rights, has differing interpretations in both doctrine and judicial precedents regarding how it should be applied within the framework of the general regulatory actions of the administration. At this point, general communiqués, which are among the primary legislative sources of Turkish tax law, sometimes contain regulations that can lead to debate within the framework of the principle of legality in crime and punishment, reflecting these differing views. The aim of this study is to identify and examine examples of communiqués issued by the Ministry of Treasury and Finance in the field of tax law that establish provisions contrary to the principle of legality in crime and punishment. In this context, three different general communiqués, determined to be inconsistent with the principle of legality in crime and punishment from various perspectives, have been examined. The relevant topics have been discussed from different angles in light of judicial decisions. The study concludes with proposals presented to the Ministry of Treasury and Finance to establish regulations consistent with this principle, specifically focusing on general communiqués.

AN ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION USED IN ISTANBUL DURING THE OTTOMAN PERIOD; PALANQUIN (19th CENTURY)

Makul YILDIRIM — 2024-10-28

For the 19th century Ottoman Empire, military, social, economic etc. it has been a period of serious changes in many areas. In this century, as a result of the intense relations of the Ottoman Empire with Europe, some changes took place in the transportation system, especially in the capital Istanbul. Although efforts were made to eliminate the problems in transportation within the city and to make the roads suitable for car use, it was not immediately possible to make Istanbul, which is described as a pedestrian city, suitable for car use. For exactly this reason, the palanquin has become a part of daily life in some districts of Istanbul.

The palanquin was a vehicle used by the ladies of the palace in Istanbul until the beginning of the 19th century, and was later replaced by the horse carriage. However, towards the middle of the 19th century, the palanquin turned into a tool widely used by women of foreign origin, especially in cosmopolitan districts of Istanbul such as Beyoğlu, due to the problems in transportation conditions. In this study, the focus is on the palanquins called Beyoğlu stretchers, which are used by foreign ladies to go to theater, opera, etc. in districts such as Beyoğlu, where Europeans live densely in Istanbul.

OFFICERS OF SULTAN ABDULHAMID I

Tuğba ÖZDOĞAN — 2024-10-28

This work is from the 18th century. It is about various appointments made from the center to the provinces during the reign of Abdulhamid I, who was on the throne of the Ottoman Empire towards the end of the 19th century. These appointments were tried to be determined based on the provisions in the Muhimme Book No. 57, which contains the decisions taken at the Imperial Council in the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman Empire, diplomatic activities accelerated from time to time depending on foreign and domestic policies. It is obvious that transportation and communication activities will increase in such times. The period discussed corresponds to the period of Abdulhamid I. The appointments made by Sultan Abdulhamid I during his fifteen-year reign are reflected in the 26 provisions in the Mühimme Book. During the reign of Abdulhamid I, the Ottoman-Austrian, Ottoman-Iranian and Ottoman-Russian wars were among the main issues that bothered the state. In parallel with these developments, it was natural for there to be rapid communication and transportation traffic inside and outside. Due to the busy agenda, these notebooks were also used as range books. The allocation of bargirs, which were the means of transportation of the period for the officials sent to all over the country, was carried out through ranges in line with the orders of the center. In this context, in our study, the duties of the administrators included in the book and how they went to their places of duty were determined, and the civil servant appointments, which were limited to a reign of approximately 14 years, were discussed. The main purpose of this study is to produce an original study by illuminating the mobility in the provinces in the context of the appointments in the reign of Abdulhamid I with the provisions in the Mühimme Book numbered 57.

SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF TURKISH WOMEN WHO CAME TO THE FOREOGOING IN BUSINESS LIFE AFTER THE REPUBLICAN

ELİF SOYLUEzgi BOZBAY EKMEKCİ — 2024-10-28

With the Republican period, women gained many rights with the reforms carried out in the new order. Believing that women should always be valued and at the forefront, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk took steps to set an example for the world in this field and gain leadership qualities. Thanks to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkish women, who gained the right to vote and be elected before many countries, gained rights such as divorce, receiving an equal share of inheritance with men, and the right to receive free education, thus gaining a very influential position in every field and coming to the fore in political and social life. Women, who previously had to stay at home and only take care of the housework and children, have gradually gained financial freedom by having equal rights with men. The woman, who has thrown off her financial obligation to the man, has also reflected her independence in her business life. Over time, this has enabled women to show themselves in more areas. Women have proven themselves in professions that seem simple to us today, but were a dream in those days when we consider the conditions of the period. This means that women will be active in professions that we do not know today and where women are not the leading role. The Republic and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk not only ensured the independence of the country, but also reserved the greatest contribution to women who made as much effort as men in this war of independence. In his eyes, Turkish women received the value they deserved years before many country leaders. After the declaration of the Republic and the rights granted to them, Turkish women have undertaken very important professions and played an active role in many fields, regardless of gender. The most prominent of these are the first female nurse Esma Deniz, the first female sculptor Sabiha Bengütaş, the first elected female headman Gül Esin, the first female pilot Bedriye Tahir Gökmen, the first female sculptor Safiye Bengütaş, the first female mayor Sadiye Ardahan, the first female diplomat Adile Ayda. The first female astronomer Nüzhet Gökdoğan, the first female opera singer Semiha Berksoy, the first female chemist Remziye Hisar, the first female civil engineer Sabiha Gürayman and the first female veterinarian Merver Ansel. In the study to be carried out, information about the biographies of the first female representatives in business life after the Republic period, whose names are mentioned above, will be given and their achievements will be mentioned. As a result of the study, It has been determined that with the Republican period, women began to be active in every field.