The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Year 2024 Issue Year: 17 - Number: 101

PDR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' EVALUATIONS OF PDR SERVICES IN PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION LEVELS (PRIMARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL, AND HIGH SCHOOL): CRITICAL INCIDENTS TECHNIQUE

Safiye Sarıcı BULUT — 2025-01-12

In this study, the PDR services that undergraduate students directly interacted with during their education before university were evaluated using the critical incidents technique. The research was carried out using the phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research methods. The critical incidents technique, which offers a practical approach to revealing important behavioral indicators and collecting and analyzing information about human activities, was used in the study. The easily accessible case sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used to determine the study group. All participants are Gazi University Gazi Faculty of Education PDR undergraduate students (70 female, 80.4%, 17 male, 19.5%, total of 87 students). Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The findings regarding PDR services stated by psychological counselor candidates in critical incidents are as follows: Positive themes; support during the exam process (information, career counseling, educational and emotional support), support for personal social development (knowing oneself, feeling understood, coping with stress/problem/trauma), other PDR services (orientation, educational and preventive guidance, providing information, psychological counseling), support during the pandemic process (educational, vocational, personal social guidance and psychological counseling), the quality of PDR services (systematicity, continuity, timely intervention, good management of the process, unbiased approach and effective communication). In the negative themes, critical events were stated in the themes of inadequacies in general PDR services, ethical violations, inadequacies in services during the YKS exam process, indifference, and prejudiced approach. In addition to these themes, neutral themes regarding PDR services were also included in the findings. The findings were discussed about the relevant literature and suggestions were presented based on the study findings.

INITIAL INTERVENTION AND SUSTAINABLE CONSERVATION IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEXTILES

Ayşem YANARKardelen ARİN — 2025-01-12

Textile products have always been needed since the beginning of humanity. In line with the evolving era and emerging needs, a wide variety of textile products such as blankets, rugs, and wall carpets were being produced using natural materials found in nature, namely natural fibers. Since these textile products, which are created for a specific purpose, are made from organic raw materials, they are affected by various factors and deteriorate over time. Many products are destroyed or in danger of extinction. Today, excavation works are being conducted in various regions of Turkey, uncovering artifacts belonging to different types of materials. It is also observed that, albeit rarely, textile artefacts that have managed to reach the present under suitable conditions are discovered. Textiles unearthed in archaeological excavations are defined as archaeological textiles. Archaeological textiles are more delicate than other artifacts and require priority intervention. The relatively low quantity of these artifacts is also a significant detail distinguishing this finds group from other material groups. These rare artefacts should be approached with distinct care, different from those of ethnographic textile pieces. In this study, the concept of archaeological textiles has been emphasized, its sensitivity discussed, and examples of archaeological textiles and textile remnants obtained from excavation works in Turkey have been presented. The study also addresses the protection and restoration process that should be applied to archaeological textiles from the initial intervention in the field and finally provides examples for storage recommendations.

DOODLE APPROACHES IN DESIGN: MARKETING PROCESSES AND CHALLENGES

Semih DELİL — 2025-01-12

Doodles are a trend that is frequently used as an auxiliary element in graphic design projects. By their very nature, these doodles are simple imagery, far from being overly stylised. Their rise in today's design world is notable for their ability to create a stronger and more personal connection with the audience. The playfulness and accessibility of these simple drawings increases their potential to create an emotional interaction with the viewer. However, it is a fact that these doodles are often limited to simple drawings and limited technical skills. Aesthetically, such designs are often inadequate when compared to more complex and sophisticated methods. On the other hand, digitalisation, simplicity and popularity can be the right targeting tool for some target audiences. While this trend increases sincere interaction in the design world, on the other hand, it may sometimes cause the brand to be not taken seriously, especially in branding processes. In the light of this information, the aim of this study is to understand the balance between the creative and technical limitations of doodles. Furthermore, the study discusses how designers can utilise this trend and what kind of consequences it can have in design practice.

BEYOND AESTHETICS: EMOTION, ATMOSPHERE, AND CULTURAL REFERENCES THROUGH COLOR IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE

Masoumeh KHANZADEH — 2025-01-12

In the realm of Central Anatolian architectural offices, the research provides essential insights into how color transcends its aesthetic realm to become a strong agent for maintaining cultural history, developing emotional connections, and influencing the fundamental character of interior spaces. This study investigates the multidimensional significance of color in interior design. Colors have long been acknowledged for their power to elicit emotions, create atmospheres, and reference cultural and historical contexts in interior spaces. Understanding the subtle ways in which color works beyond its outward appeal is critical for interior designers who want to create homes that engage with inhabitants on numerous levels.

This study aims to investigate how interior designers use color intentionally to provoke emotions, create atmospheres, and reference cultural and historical contexts within interior architecture. The study's goal is to identify trends and variances in approach among designers by investigating the effects of gender and educational background on color selecting techniques. The goal is to give insights into more successful and culturally relevant color choices in interior design.

Data were gathered through a combination of questionnaires and interviews with interior designers of various educational backgrounds and gender identities. Participants were questioned about their color choosing methods, including their thoughts, preferences, and techniques. The study examined these replies to discover common themes and variances by gender and educational level.

The findings demonstrate that interior designers agree on the role of color in defining interior environments. However, substantial differences were found based on gender and education. Male designers tended to focus overcoming differences between their tastes and those of their clients, particularly in terms of contrast and harmony. Designers with Bachelor's degrees, on the other hand, emphasized the use of color to highlight design aspects and elicit cultural allusions.

In conclusion, this study emphasizes the complex character of color in interior architecture, as well as the need of recognizing its emotional, atmospheric, and cultural components. Interior designers may create places that are not only physically beautiful, but also emotionally resonant and culturally significant, by identifying and incorporating these characteristics into the design process. The findings provide vital insights into more nuanced and successful color choosing processes in interior design, thereby improving the overall quality and experience of interior spaces.

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF GRADUATE THESIS COMPLETED IN CARPET, RUG AND OLD FABRIC PATTERNS DEPARTMENT OF ART

Tuba AYHANVedat Ünaldı — 2025-01-12

The aim of this study is to describe the inclusion of methodological elements in the postgraduate theses completed between 2000 and 2023 in the Carpet, Kilim, and Old Fabric Designs Department within the Institute of Fine Arts in Turkey. To answer the research questions, a case study design, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Purposeful sampling was employed to determine the sample group of the research. The sample group consists of 54 theses selected through purposeful sampling based on specific criteria. Content analysis was utilized in the examination of these theses. The theses were subjected to content analysis according to 10 different variables related to methodology. The findings were presented under thematic headings in a Definition-Table-Interpretation-Direct Quotation format. As a result of the analysis, it was found that 29.6% of the 54 theses did not include the aim of the thesis, 79.6% did not include the problem statement/research question, 66.7% did not include the significance of the thesis, 96.3% did not mention the limitations, 70.4% did not include the scope of the thesis, 81.5% did not state the research approach, 92.6% did not define the type/design/model of the research, 94.4% did not include the population/sample/research group/study group/sample group of the research, 88.9% did not mention the data collection tools/techniques, and 92.6% did not describe the analysis method in the introduction section of the theses.Even these findings, which consist solely of numerical data, indicate issues related to the inclusion of methodological elements in postgraduate theses. However, they are not sufficient to identify the root cause of the problem. Before offering solutions to policymakers or practitioners, it is necessary to conduct studies that allow for a comprehensive examination of the issue. In this context, various recommendations have been developed for researchers.

AN EVALUATION OF SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM'S SERMONS AGAINST JUDAIZING

Abdulkadir KIYAKSerhat KARAKURT — 2025-01-12

Saint John Chrysostom, one of the most important Church Fathers in Church history, lived in Antioch in the 4th century. Also known as John of the Golden Mouth, John Chrysostom contributed to Christian theology through his writings and especially through his sermons. He wrote on many different subjects, such as morality, marriage, biblical interpretations, social justice, and liturgy. He also served as the Archbishop of Constantinople for about six years. Antioch, where John Chrysostom spent much of his life, was not only one of the three largest cities of the Roman Empire but also one of the most important cities in the Christian world. Since its founding, the city of Antioch has been home to many different religious traditions. Jews, Pagans, Gnostics, and Christians have all formed the city's religious structure. Jews, in particular, have maintained their presence in the region since the city's establishment.

The city of Antioch was the first place where a Christian community of Gentile origin existed, alongside Jewish Christians. As a result of the activities of Paul, Peter, and Barnabas, Christianity was quickly organized and spread in Antioch. By the 4th century, Christianity had become a widespread religion in Antioch, but it was not the dominant belief. During this time, in addition to the disagreements within Christianity itself, the fact that Christians were influenced by Judaism and followed Jewish rituals was met with reaction by John Chrysostom, and he gave a series of sermons against Judaization between 386 and 387 in Antioch. The insults and hate speech he used in these sermons were later referenced in antisemitic movements.

This paper studies the eight homilies delivered by Saint John Chrysostom against Judaizing, providing historical, social, and theological analyses of these sermons. The first part of the study focuses on the life and works of Saint John Chrysostom. The second section discusses the Antiochian exegetical tradition and John Chrysostom's rhetorical approach. The third part outlines the presence of Jews in Antioch. In the final section, the theological analyses of the sermons against Judaizing are presented. The primary methods used in the study are literature review and content analysis. The study concludes that the purpose of John Chrysostom's homilies was not driven by pure anti-Judaism, but rather aimed at protecting Christians from the dangers of Judaizing and forming a pure Christian identity. Additionally, it is evident that the conditions of the time also played a significant role in these homilies.

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF IBN KHALDUN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONCEPTS OF ASABIYYAH AND UMRAN

İsmail YILMAZ — 2025-01-12

Ibn Khaldun, who lived in the Middle Ages at a time when the western world was dealing with political and economic turmoil; Ibn Khaldun, who lived in one of the most brilliant times of the Islamic world, was the first to mention many concepts that were not even mentioned in his own time, and these concepts he expressed shed light on many branches of science today and formed the basis of them. Although Ibn Khaldun provided information that shed light on sociology and history, his ideas on labor, social division of labor, population, taxes, state finance, and prices played an active role in his being qualified as an economist, and in this respect, in being the subject of academic research. While dealing with financial events, Ibn Khaldun utilized the historical events of his time and analyzed the events as a sociologist. The aim of this study is to analyze Ibn Khaldun's economic and social thoughts that will shed light on today's concept of finance, and to explain his ideas on finance in the light of his social thoughts of “Umran” and “Asabiyet”. As a method, it is primarily aimed to shed light on Ibn Khaldun's multi-disciplinary practice by using qualitative and descriptive analysis. In order to better understand Ibn Khaldun's economic and social thoughts that will shed light on the concept of finance today, in this article, Ibn Khaldun's ideas on finance are analyzed under the concepts of “Asabiyet” and “Umran”, which are his social thoughts. It can be concluded that Ibn Khaldun's approach to Finance has a deep understanding within the concepts that hold the behavior of individuals and communities regarding their economic lives.

STORY IN FORM UNIVERSAL PHENOMENON IN NORM: COMPREHENSIVE PRINCIPLES FROM THE STORY OF JOSEPH

Ali Rıza GÜNEŞ — 2025-01-12

Over time, extensive discussions have unfolded regarding the historical and universal aspects of the Qur'an, as well as the nature of its narratives. It has been debated in the literature that the unique structure of the Qur'an concerning historicity and universality is sometimes exploited. Notably, certain Orientalists, including Rudi Paret, have made diverse claims about the Qur'an. Paret, for instance, contends that the messages in the Qur'an are outdated, irrelevant to the present, and lack universal principles. This article aims to scrutinize the aforementioned claims, with a specific focus on the story of Yusuf in the Qur'an, offering diverse perspectives. Foundational concepts of the topic, such as narrative and story, historicity and universality, form, and norm, are elucidated in the initial part of the article. The exploration of relevant issues in the article requires a two-fold perspective: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical section of our approach, arguments necessary for deriving universal principles from the Qur'an's messages are discussed. In the practical section, these arguments are exemplified through the story of Yusuf. The debate on the historicity and universality of narratives is addressed in the theoretical part, examining the general characteristics of the concepts presented in the narratives. Specific events in a narrative, transcending eras and encompassing all people, are detailed under specific headings in the theoretical section. These arguments lay a theoretical foundation for the subject. In the section where theory translates into practice, the story of Yusuf is analyzed from two perspectives under headings such as monotheism-polytheism, evil-good, hatred-love, betrayal-loyalty, beauty-ugliness, humiliation-chastity, famine-grain, accusation-confession, desire-hardship, patience-salvation, dream-interpretation, imaginary-real beauty, acquittal-discharge, testimony-law. The research concludes that the story of Yusuf encapsulates three main principles: monotheism, ethics, and law. Monotheism, the primary principle, is founded on the unity of Allah, and associating anything with Allah (shirk) is considered the greatest transgression against the truth. The second main principle is beautiful ethics, fostering harmony among various societal elements and exemplified by responding to evil with goodness, enduring trials with patience, and safeguarding one's character against negative desires. The third main principle is the law, determining human rights and aiming to protect values like freedom and property. For instance, the acquittal of Prophet Yusuf in the presence of witnesses and the storage measure taken to preserve grain exemplify the realization of this goal. The research outcome indicates that Prophet Yusuf's exemplary life will be followed by both Prophet Muhammad and all believers. The Yusuf Surah takes the form of a story and encompasses universal principles in its content.

THE EXAMINATION OF SĪBAWAYH'S AL-KITĀB IN TERMS OF QUR'ANIC SCIENCES

Seyit YILDIRIM — 2025-01-12

Sībawayh, whose real name was Abū Bishr 'Amr b. 'Uthman b. Kanber, died in his hometown of Shiraz in 180 AH. The author, who was a student of the famous linguist Khalil b. Ahmad, is among the most important representatives of the Basra linguistic school, just like his teacher. Al-Kitāb, the only work he wrote during his lifetime, is the oldest extant text in the Arabic language. Although the work was written with the aim of grounding the Arabic language, it contains important references to different disciplines of Islamic sciences. This is because Islamic sciences support each other in terms of their basic references, even though they have undergone a process of branching over time. One of these branches of science, which is intertwined with many disciplines, is 'ulūm al-Qur'an, which systematically examines various aspects of the Qur'an. In this context, especially when the relationship between language and exegesis is taken into account, some of al-Sībawayh's evaluations by referring to Qur'anic verses can constitute a basis for some of the issues of ulūm al-Qur'an, which is a sub-branch of tafsīr. Of course, due to the format of his work, al-Sībawayh dealt with many issues in the context of determining the grammatical position of words. In other words, he formed the content of al-Kitāb independently from the theoretical discussions of 'ulūm al-Qur'an. For this reason, he cannot be expected to provide systematic information in the classical sense to those who want to understand the Qur'an or to propose any method in this regard. However, Sībawayh's use of nearly four hundred Qurʾānic verses as evidence in various contexts constitutes a basis for an examination of the context in which he handled these verses and how his approach to them contributed to understanding the Qurʾān. In this framework, some of the linguistic analyses that the author deals with have contributed to the development process of issues such as Gharîb al-Qur'an, Naskh, Aksām al-Qur’an, Hurūf al-Muqattaa, Majāz al-Qur'an, Vujuh and Nazhair, which are the sub-headings of ulūm al-Qur'an. In fact, he is considered to be the first person to use some technical terms in the context of issues that examine the linguistic features and structure of the Qur'an.

JABR-IHTIYAR DEBATES IN THEOLOGY: THE EXAMPLE OF DAMASCUS (CA'D B.DIRHEM, GAYLAN AL-DIMASHKI)

Betül AVCI — 2025-01-12

We see that the concepts of jabr and its opposite, ihtiyar, have caused intense debates about human freedom. These concepts are among the important factors affecting the formation of the ideas of qadariyya and jabriyya. The concept of ihtiyar refers to the freedom of choice in the formation of human actions. The concept of jabr, which is its opposite, means that the servant does not have freedom of choice in the formation of human actions. Based on this definition, the Jabriyya thought states that human beings have no influence and effect on their actions in absolute terms. Jabriyya thought is actually a situation that has exhausted the human mind since the creation of man. We can say that the traces of the understanding of ‘dehr’, which we see in the pre-Islamic ignorant Arabs, also spread to the Islamic world dominated by the Umayyads. The idea of ‘jabr’, which reappeared with the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya, became an ideology over time, and although it was sometimes victorious and sometimes defeated in the struggles with the opponents of the old man in this period, it would take the long-lasting victory with the Mihne period. The centre of the Algebraic thought in Islam is Damascus, which is the centre of Syria. On the other hand, the followers of Ihtiyar were formed in Basra. When we look at the sources, we see that the idea of jabr was first discussed and defended by Ca'd b.Dirhem. In this article, we will first clarify the discussions on jabr and ihtiyar. Then we will talk about the idea of compulsion and where the idea of compulsion was formed and in which regions it spread. Finally, we will talk about Ca'd b. Dirhem and Gaylan al-Dimashki, who had the opposite view and was in favour of ihtiyar.

THE CONCRETE CONCEPTS OF EXCLUSINARY DISCOURSE IN IBN HAZM’S WORK NAMED AL-FASL

Feyzullah ATILGAN — 2025-01-12

The political and social events that occurred after Prophet Muhammad led to the emergence of different opinions and disputes among Muslims. Over time as a result of the emergence of various sects in the Islamic thought, disputes took place. The emergence of certain views concerning kalam in the early periods of Islamic thought disturbed those who adhered to religious traditions and believed that religion consisted solely of the Qur’an and traditions. These differing views and thoughts eventually led to social divisions, and these groups accused each other of bid’ah, dalaalah and kufr. Authors of al-Maqalat who dealt with sects in Islamic thought made different classifications in their works when discussing the views of these sects. Ibn Hazm, when classifying sects, made a distinction as Ahl-i Haqq and Ahl-i Bid’ah. In his work ‘Al-Fasl’, Ibn Hazm viewed Mutakkallims (scholars of kalam) as belonging to Ahl-ı Bid’ah. He particularly used some exclusive terms against Ash’aris and Mu’tazilites more frequently. In his work, while naming some of the individuals he criticized as adherents of Dahriyya, Mushabbiha, Mucassimah, Qadariyyah, Jahmiyyah, Murji’ah, Judaism and Christianity at the level of religious or sectarian affiliation, he also used descriptive terms like ‘bid’ah, ra’y, qiyas, shirk, kufr and dalalah’ in his criticisms of Mutakallims. Our study is based on Ibn Hazm’s work titled al-Fasl, which is related to the history of religions and sects. In this work, we will focus on the critical expressions directed towards specific individuals and sects. The aim of our study by Ibn Hazm. While making this determination, we evaluated the exclusionary expressions from two perspectives: Firstly, in terms of sectarian or religious exclusions, and secondly, as concrete exclusionary concepts.

ATATURK PERIOD (1923-1938) THERMAL SPRING BUILDINGS AND ARCHITECTURE

Gülin TÜRKNuran KARA PİLEHVARİAN — 2025-01-12

With the declaration of the Republic, cities began to be developed. In many cities of the newly established Republic of Turkey, there was a need for structures that could meet different needs such as schools, hospitals, markets, administrative buildings, hotels, and banks. During the period, new structures were built with the encouragement of Atatürk. Thermal springs were also among these structures. In our country, where natural spring waters are available, modern thermal spring structures that could meet the needs of the age were designed to revitalize thermal spring tourism, and it was determined that public administrations were involved in the design and construction process of structures whose projects and documents were accessible. Of these structures, Bursa Çelik Palas Thermal Spring Hotel was built by Bursa Thermal Springs Turkish Joint Stock Company, whose partners are Public Banks and Administrations. Samsun Havza Thermal Spring Hotel was designed by the General Directorate of Foundations. Eskişehir Yenice Thermal Bath was designed and built by the General Directorate of Foundations. The project of Yozgat Terzili Thermal Spring Hotel was obtained through a competition opened by the Yozgat Governorship. The projects of Yalova Thermal Hotel were obtained through a competition and built by the City Lines, which was called Akay Administration at that time.

The history and architectural features of the thermal spring structures identified within the scope of the study were examined in accordance with the information, documents and projects in the General Directorate of Foundations Archive, State Archives and Arkitekt magazine, as well as studies in the literature. Each structure designed for the provinces of Bursa, Yalova, Yozgat, Samsun and Eskişehir was designed in accordance with its own architectural program. It was observed that the thermal spring structures designed between 1923-1938 were designed with different architectural styles, and the search for architectural styles during the period was also reflected in the design of these structures.

A STUDY ON THE INTERSECTION OF ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION: MARDIN MIDYAT ANITLI (HAH) VILLAGE VIRGIN MARY MONASTERY

Leyla ASLANCan Şakir BİNAN — 2025-01-12

Turabdin villages are traditional settlements that have preserved their originality and integrity until today, and many of them contain both tangible and intangible values due to the existence of the first users. Among these settlements, Anıtlı (Hah), which is a unique area in terms of the continuity of a living culture, has many religious architectural structures that are still used by its community and first users. The Virgin Mary Monastery, located in Anıtlı (Hah), is one of the buildings that holds an important place in the cultural landscape of the village campus and has a unique architectural structure in the Turabdin region. The Virgin Mary Monastery, which bears many original architectural elements and traces of historical periods, is small but ostentatious and multi-layered in terms of decoration and proportion. The existence of a number of production-traditions-festivals resulting from religious teachings in the Anıtlı settlement and the agricultural lands around the Virgin Mary Monastery are among the rare features of the area and the monastery. However, Virgin Mary Monastery; It is a religious architectural structure that makes a significant contribution to the natural and cultural values of Anıtlı (Hah) village, as well as its cultural landscape value and silhouette. The building has features that can form a basis in the field of architectural history and architectural conservation, both in terms of preserving the traces of the historical period that have survived to the present day and in terms of accessing information and documents about the repairs it has undergone. Within the scope of this article; The context of the Virgin Mary Monastery with the village, the changes and repairs it has undergone over time, its architectural features and its place and importance in the history of architecture are emphasized.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND CONSERVATION PROBLEMS OF MIDYAT HAN BUILDINGS

Selma DEMİREmine EKİNCİ DAĞTEKİN — 2025-01-12

Midyat is a district of Mardin province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It is located in the Mesopotamia Region, which is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in 2000 BC and has fertile lands. Midyat is located between Mardin-Midyat-Nusaybin, in the geographical area called Tur Abdin, which was the center of Assyrian Christian rauanism in the Middle Ages and where the first monastery buildings were built. Known for its historical and cultural riches, Midyat attracts attention especially with its ethnic and religious diversity. Midyat and its surroundings have a multilingual and cultural structure where Assyrians, Kurds, Turks, Arabs and Yazidis live together. Midyat consists of two regions: Old Midyat and Estel. Assyrians and Kurdish Muslims live in the center of Midyat, while Yazidis and Muslim Arabs (Mhalmis), Kurds and Turks live on the Estel side. Midyat and its surroundings are an important settlement where trade is carried out and developed with its strategic location. Since the Mesopotamian-Anatolian trade route extending to Diyarbakır and Bitlis passed through Midyat, inns and caravanserais were built along the route and in the settlement areas. There are three inn structures in Midyat that have survived from the Ottoman period to the present day. The aim of this study is to document Estel Inn, Gelüşke Inn and Animal Inn in Midyat district, which have not been the subject of any study before, and to bring them into the literature. Within the scope of the study, the architectural features, usage status, construction technique and material properties of the inns were examined, their deterioration was determined, and suggestions were developed for their protection in accordance with the conservation statutes and regulations.

RE-EVALUATION OF THE UPCYCLING PROCESS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS WITH THE CONCEPT OF CARGOTECTURE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Duygu ÇIBUKM. Zafer AKDEMİR — 2025-01-12

"Cargotecture" is a concept defined by Philip C. Clark in 1987 as a method of transforming shipping containers into a habitable structure. The use of "corten" shipping containers produced according to international standards (ISO) as structural elements that can respond to different functions by upcycling after the end of their service life opens a new field in terms of architectural production. Reducing the lifetime impact of buildings with this new form of production is critical for creating a zero-carbon built environment. Upcycling of shipping containers offers a more sustainable alternative to a conventional construction process (Berbesz and Szefer, 2018). In recent years, there have been many studies on the conversion of shipping containers into housing in the context of upcycling. However, this new transformation process should be handled in accordance with certain criteria. For this reason, it becomes important to determine the criteria that address the process of converting shipping containers into housing with upcycling intervention. The study requires a systematic review of the academic literature to assess how the upcycling concept is incorporated into the various stages of the cargotecture construction process and what improvements are needed to provide environmental benefits. Guided by the literature review, an objective has been defined for the solution steps of an important problem area for our country. It is aimed to create a criterion set for utilising the concept of coregecture in the transformation of residential buildings for different reasons (earthquake, structural obsolescence, flood, landslide, etc.) in large metropolises such as Istanbul. For this reason, firstly, the studies published between 2000 and 2023 were scanned by Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The processes and criteria of 22 publications identified as a result of the review were analysed. The 5 main criteria and 40 sub-criteria obtained as a result of the analyses will be reviewed and an evaluation of the stages of the construction process will be presented. The re-evaluation of the cargotecture construction process with the concept of upcycling constitutes the focus of this study.

BIBLIOMETRIC PROFILE OF STUDIES ON DIGITAL MARKETING STUDIES IN BANKING

Aybala DEMİRCİ AKSOYBerat AYKAÇ — 2025-01-12

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the research on digital marketing in banking in the academic literature conducted between 2022 and 2024 using the bibliometric analysis method. The study used the Web of Science (WoS) database to obtain data and the program VOSviewer to analyze and visualize the dataset. Business finance and economy are mainly the subject areas that studies on digital marketing in banking focus on. Studies on digital marketing in banking were mostly conducted in the People's Republic of China, India, and the UK. The following keywords were encountered the most within the scope of the co-occurrence analysis: “FinTech” with 76 repetitions, “digital transformation” with 35 repetitions, “digitalization” with 31 repetitions, “cryptocurrency” with 23 repetitions, and “central bank digital currency” with 22 repetitions. The People's Republic of China, the UK, the US, India, and Saudi Arabia are among the countries with the most common citations. The institutions where studies with the strongest bibliometric connections were conducted include UCSI University with 160 citations, Ajman University with 151 citations, King Abdulaziz University with 145 citations, and Curtin University with 135 citations, respectively. The “International Journal of Bank Marketing,” “Journal of Business Research,” “Technological Forecasting and Social Change,” “Sustainability Basel Journal,” and “Journal of Finance” are journals with the most common citations in the field of digital marketing in banking.

EVALUATING SOCIAL IMPACT AND SOCIAL BENEFIT IN URBAN RAIL SYSTEM SERVICES: EXAMPLE OF ANKARA METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY

Ayfer ÖZÇELİK — 2025-01-12

This study discusses Mehtab Magazine, a publication from the final years of the Ottoman Empire that focused on direction and liberation but has received limited academic attention. The magazine employed Social Darwinist slogans, urging society to Westernize rapidly, and adopt Western lifestyles and thought patterns without offering alternative solutions. Given the magazine's controversial nature at the time of publication and its lasting influence, the study begins with an overview of Social Darwinism. The main part of the study examines the magazine's objectives and the subjects it covers. Due to space constraints, the focus is on select topics: East-West comparisons, the role of Ottoman intellectuals, the legitimization of imperialism, and religion.

NARH PRACTICE AND PRICE MOVEMENTS IN KARAMAN (1800-1850)

Mehmet AK — 2025-01-12

Karaman, the central accident of Larende Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire, was an old settlement located at the intersection of trade routes. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the city had the characteristics of a middling city. Although the bazaar and market were irregular, they were lively and there were many tradesmen groups that met the supply in the city. The administrators of the Ottoman Empire, who prioritised ensuring the peace of the society within the supply and demand balance in Karaman, as in every part of the country, would set a ceiling price for basic food and consumer goods with a practice called narh, based on the principle of social state. Narh was set twice during the year at the beginning of spring and winter, but the number of applications was increased when deemed necessary and the price was updated according to the situation. Narh was set by a committee headed by the kadi and including the tradesmen, recorded in the registry books, given to the tradesmen and announced to the public. Narh was used to determine the price of a commodity according to its cost in the production process, thus preventing damage to both the producer and the consumer. It was obligatory to comply with the price of a commodity within the framework of the narh. Those who did not comply were penalised with the necessary sanctions. With this practice, the state would both support the people to procure whatever they needed within their purchasing power and ensure that quality goods were offered to the market. In this framework, it was possible to trace the goods whose prices were determined according to the narh records in the Karaman Shar'iyye Registry Books and their price movements, as well as to evaluate the fluctuations related to price movements.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TURKISH STRAITS AND THE ROLE OF THE STRAITS IN TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY THROUGH THE EYES OF ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE

Yaşar ÖZÜÇETİN — 2025-01-12

The important and decisive factor in naming the Asian and European continents as Eurasia was the Turkish Straits. The Turkish Straits not only separate the Asian and European lands from each other, but also unite them with each other. With this feature, the Turkish Straits have become the focus of attention of the great powers.

The Ottoman Empire's acquisition of the Dardanelles, the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea Strait made it an important power in the region; In the post-period, the Turkish Straits became one of the elements that determined and finalized the sovereignty, integrity and economy of the Republic of Turkey, whose borders were determined by the National Pact.

British historian Arnold J. Toynbee and British political scientist and historian E. H. Carr, based on the importance of the straits during World War II. In the article they wrote just before World War II; It is pointed out that the country that holds the straits ensures that world politics is visible in the big state game, and that throughout the historical process, the Turks used the straits as a trump card and embarked on searches. In addition, it was emphasized that the Turks are the country that benefits best from the current conjuncture, compared to Great Britain and Russia, with their predictions about future developments, and that they put the straits at the center of their foreign policy.

In this study, the article titled "Mediterranean Turkey and the Black Sea Straits" in The Listner Magazine dated 01.12.1938, written by Arnold J. Toynbee and E. H. Carr with the questions they formulated, was discussed, and the importance of the Turkish straits in the eyes of these authors and their role in Turkish foreign policy were examined.

THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FINANCIAL SERVICE MARKETING

Bilge KARAMEHMET ALTUNTAŞAyşen AKYÜZ — 2025-01-12

Digital services are now used in every field of today's marketing world. Digitalization has also become inevitable in the field of banking and financial services marketing. In financial services marketing, thanks to the "human-like" operations of artificial intelligence, it is seen that users/investors act quite compatible with artificial intelligence applications.

The facilitation of transactions in financial services by technology and artificial intelligence, ensuring consumer ease of use, and saving time and cost. In this way, it has been seen how much easier the tasks that require a lot of effort have become. It is seen that transaction speed has increased and costs have decreased with the introduction of concepts such as machine learning, fintech, chatbots, virtual assistant, and facial recognition into our lives. Although there was prejudice against these concepts at first, it is seen that customers have now made these applications a part of their lives.

The concept of trust, which is important in marketing, has come to the forefront thanks to the use of technology in financial service marketing. The trust that customers feel while using financial service technologies has created a great opportunity for banks. It is thought that financial service providers who evaluate this opportunity are one step ahead.

It is thought that new generation customers who are enthusiastic about new technologies adapt more quickly in this regard. The use of digital technology and artificial intelligence applications in financial services is seen as a major innovation. Thanks to this technology, there are many applications such as virtual robots that can chat with natural language, individual account logins that offer facial recognition / retina scanning features, dynamic investment suggestions, virtual assistants.

In this study, firstly, studies in the literature on artificial intelligence were examined, then artificial intelligence applications in financial services were discussed. It is expected that this study will be a resource for academics and professionals working on financial service marketing in the future.

A SOCIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE PRESENTATION OF FEMALE CHARACTERS IN GRIMM’S FAIRY TALES

İpek Beyza ALTIPARMAKEzgi AKTÜRK — 2025-01-12

Cultural elements are considered the most important accumulation of humanity. Written and oral cultural accumulation has shaped social life as the most important identity carriers of societies for generations in terms of reflecting traditions and customs. At this point, fairy tales emerge as one of the most important cultural elements. As a product of the tradition of oral transmission, fairy tales bear the characteristics of the societies in which they are produced. At this point, fairy tales differ from society to society as a reflection of the geography and social perception in which they occur. Fairy tales are very important projects to examine, mainly because they shape the imagination of children and contain characters to be taken as role models in several circumstances. Especially when it comes to Western-style fairy tales, the compilations of the Grimm Brothers appear as the representatives of the oldest fairy tale tradition. The fairy tales compiled by Grimm Brothers are very popular because they are considered as the beginning of the fairy tale tradition, and are the most read works around the world. Based on this, within the scope of the study, a feminist evaluation was made on the classic children's fairy tales written by Grimm Brothers. In the study carried out using document analysis, popular children's fairy tales such as Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Rapunzel, The Little Mermaid, and Hansel and Gretel were evaluated from the sociological perspective. It is thought that these fairy tales, which were shaped by the characteristics of the period in which the study was compiled and designed regardless of the gender equality approach, offered limited space designs for children. At this point, the many images of fairy tale characters are thought to be pedagogically problematic.

ATTACHMENT STYLES AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE DETERMINING MARITAL SATISFACTION: A STUDY ON MARRIED TEACHERS

Büşra NAZLIÖzlem ALTUNSU SÖNMEZ — 2025-01-12

In this study, which examined the marital satisfaction of married teachers, examined the factors of emotional intelligence and attachment styles that increase and decrease marital satisfaction of married teachers are examined and searched for significant differences between them. In this context, 191 married teachers, 110 women and 89 men, working in Meram district of Konya constituted the sample of the research. The correlational survey model was used in the research and the Personal Information Form, Marital Life Scale, Revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and Inventory of Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) were used as data collection tools. In data analysis, differences and relationships were revealed using T-test, Anova, correlation and stepwise regression analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a significant negative relationship between anxiety and avoidance attachment styles and marital satisfaction. In other words, as the dimension of avoidance and anxiety decreases, marital satisfaction increases. A positive relationship was found between secure and preoccupied attachment styles and marital satisfaction. The relationship between the emotional intelligence sub-dimensions of optimism and evaluation of emotions and marital satisfaction was again found to be positive and significant.

The relationship between emotional intelligence sub-dimensions of optimism/mood regulation and appraisal of emotions and marital satisfaction was again found to be positive and significant. Anxiety and avoidance dimensions demonstrated a negative relationship with the optimism/mood regulation dimension, and a positive relationship with the appraisal of emotions and utilization of emotions. Additionally, there was not any relationship found between demographic variables and marital satisfaction.

THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION IN THE CONSERVATION OF MURAL PAINTINGS: EXAMINATIONS ON NEŞET GÜNAL'S MURAL PAINTING

Seda KARTALGülder EMRE — 2025-01-12

Graphic documentation, which is the main subject of this study, is one of the basic stages necessary for the correct progress of conservation-repair works. Graphic documentation, which is an up-to-date concept, brings innovation to this field by supporting it with photographic records and computer programs. Graphic documentation methods are more practical than other documentation techniques. These techniques are carried out by using specially designed lights, photographic techniques with different lights and computer-aided applications. Depending on the working principle of the technique, it is possible to make corrections or detailed visual examinations in digital media.
This study covers the examinations and evaluations of the graphic documentation techniques applied on the mural titled "The Development of Science" dated 1959 and measuring 22 m2 by the painter Neşet Günal (1923-2002), which is located in the lecture hall named after Turkey's first atomic physicist Prof. Dr. Mustafa Fahir Yeniçay (1902-1988) on the top floor of the Physics Department of the Faculty of Science at Istanbul University.
The mural in question was visually documented using visible light (VIS) photography, macro (close-up) photography, photography with raking light (RAK), photography with ultraviolet fluorescent light (UVF), photography with infrared (IRF) light, and reflection transform imaging (RTI) techniques, respectively. With the data obtained, the artistic techniques used by the artist in the examined mural, the distortions and damages on the surface of the painting were determined and appropriate legends were created and these legends were processed on the photograph of the mural with Adobe Photoshop program.
With the image records obtained, documentary information was obtained about the details of the mural such as its technique and current condition. These results will also contribute to the conservation-repair works to be carried out later.

THE KREMLIN’S DILEMMA IN THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR: RUSSIA-ISRAEL RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITY THREAT AND TRADE PARTNERSHIP

Ahmet TURAN — 2025-01-12
The history of Russia’s relations with Israel goes back as far as the founding of this country. While the Kremlin has always attached great importance to Tel-Aviv, Russian-Israeli relations have gone through various tests in some periods. One of these processes is undoubtedly the Syrian civil war. In 2011, the Arab uprisings that started in the Middle East turned into a civil war in Syria, which became more complicated and created a new threshold for the region. Seeing its interests in Syria in parallel with the Assad regime, Moscow directly intervened in the civil war in 2015 and chose to support the regime. The relations between Russia and Israel, which took opposing sides in the civil war, brought along the perception of mutual threat. However, the continuation of commercial ties between the two countries during this period brought along an interesting dilemma. Even though the two countries directly confronted each other with the “airplane crisis” during the Syrian civil war, this crisis was overcome in a short time. Paradoxically, Russia’s maintenance of both levels of relations in the Syrian civil war is a product of Moscow’s traditional pragmatist approach. The aim of this study is to reveal the reasons for Russia’s perception of Israel as a security threat during the Syrian civil war while maintaining trade with the country. It also focuses on the variables through which and how this contradictory relationship is realized. The study also uses discourse analysis, in addition to content analysis, one of the scientific research methods.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE KITCHEN SECTOR WITH VISION ZERO

Filiz ARICAK — 2025-01-12
The Vision Zero approach, whose main purpose is to completely eliminate deaths and serious injuries caused by traffic accidents, accepts the occurrence of human errors while aiming to prevent these errors from causing serious consequences such as death. Integrating the Vision Zero approach into occupational health and safety processes provides an effective strategy in minimizing occupational accidents. This approach aims to completely eliminate occupational accidents, while distributing responsibility for preventing occupational accidents to management and other higher authorities rather than employees, offering activities aimed at workplace safety rather than employee-focused activities, and adopting a proactive rather than reactive approach. In this context, it differs from traditional approaches. This principle, which is applied in various sectors, can also be applied specifically to reduce occupational accidents in the kitchen. Both commercial or industrial and small-scale business kitchens contain various risk factors such as physical environment (such as slippery floors), elements used or touched (such as sharp tools and hot surfaces), and intense work tempo. Vision Zero can contribute to minimizing the risks here and establishing a safety culture. The present study aims to investigate the Vision Zero approach, to determine the factors that cause occupational accidents and occupational diseases that kitchen workers may be exposed to in the light of the literature, and to investigate the contributions of the Vision Zero strategy to occupational health and safety in the kitchen sector. Although the Vision Zero approach in kitchens provides an effective strategy in reducing occupational accidents, it needs to be adopted in a determined and realistic manner.

EVALUATION OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION AND RAIL SYSTEMS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF FIVE-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLANS IN TURKEY

Sevilay BOSTANCI — 2025-01-12
Public transportation is a public service offered to people living in cities. The aim of this study is to evaluate urban transportation and rail systems within the framework of five-year development plans, the first covering the years 1963-1967 and the eleventh covering the years 2019-2023. Qualitative research method was used in the study. During the data analysis phase, eleven five-year development plans were examined and policies and strategies in urban transportation and rail systems were evaluated. In the first five-year development plan; In the second development plan, reducing costs and increasing service quality; The transportation plan was mentioned for the first time by touching on urban transportation problems. In the third development plan; urban transportation problems, in the fourth development plan; The problems caused by the use of private vehicles in urban transportation and oil-based policies, and the start of the construction of the light rail system and metro in Istanbul and Ankara are mentioned. In the fifth development plan; The necessity of the concept of transportation planning and the necessity of the transportation plans to be prepared for cities to be integrated and compatible with the zoning plans, in the sixth development plan; Since traffic and transportation problems, no targets, policies and principles related to urban transportation were determined and no concrete project was included in the seventh development plan; The necessity of accelerating urban transportation master plan studies by meeting the transportation needs in metropolitan municipalities in a coordinated manner with master plan decisions and focusing on public transportation systems for the priorities specified in the plan was mentioned. In the eighth development plan; It is aimed to solve the problems related to organization, responsibility, authority and legislation in urban transportation. In the ninth five-year development plan; The EU perspective on transportation was emphasized, and in this sense, increasing capacity in urban transportation and traffic and demand management strategies were mentioned. In the tenth five-year development plan; Emphasis was placed on improving the transportation connections of underdeveloped regions, switching to a corridor approach, and ensuring integration between transportation systems. In the eleventh five-year development plan; The need to carry out studies to increase accessibility in urban transportation was emphasized.

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE FEAR ON SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LONELINESS: THE CASE OF HATAY PROVINCE

Ali GÖDEFatma Nuray KUŞCU ŞAHİN — 2025-01-12

In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of earthquake fear of individuals living in Hatay province, which suffered the most destruction in the February 6 earthquake, and to determine whether this level of fear affects their social and emotional loneliness. Within the scope of the study, which was conducted quantitatively with the general survey method, 435 earthquake survivors determined by the convenience sampling method participated in the study. "Personal Information Form", "Earthquake Fear Scale" and "Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale" were used in the study in which data were obtained by online method. In the study where SPSS package program was used for data analysis, parametric tests were used since the data did not deviate from normal distribution. Thus, independent groups t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and simple linear regression tests were applied. 435 earthquake survivors participated in the study. Of these earthquake survivors, 62.3% were between the ages of 18-24, 20.7% between the ages of 25-29, and 17% between the ages of 30 and above. 66.9% of the participants were female, while 33.1% were male. 81.1% of the participants were single, 18.9% were married, and 5.5% were primary school graduates, 6.2% were secondary school graduates, 19.1% were high school graduates, 67.8% were university graduates, and 1.4% had a master's degree or higher. While 43.4% of the earthquake survivors answered "yes", 56.6% answered "no". The rate of participants who lost their relatives is 45.7%. The proportion of earthquake victims who lost their homes or jobs due to the earthquake was 32.2%. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the earthquake fears of the earthquake survivors had a positive and significant effect on their social and emotional loneliness.

THE INTERMEDIARY ROLE OF INNOVATION IN THE EFFECT OF MARKET ORIENTATION ON EXPORT PERFORMANCE

Taha ŞEYHANOĞULLARIKahraman ÇATI ,Meliha Elif GÜVEN — 2025-01-12
In today’s world, businesses those find themselves in an intense competitive environment with the effect of globalization are forced to enter to foreign markets in order to increase their market share. Academic studies have shown that businesses most commonly choose export as part of their foreign entry strategies. In this study, the concepts of market orientation, export performance and innovation are discussed together. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of market oriented and innovation on export performance. It has also been observed whether market orientation has an effect on market orientation. The population of the research consists of 110 export companies operating in the province of Malatya which export their products abroad. The study was developed with a quantitative method and 203 surveys were evaluated. Mediation analysis was applied to the data collected within the purpose of the research using the spss26 process macro. In the research, the dimensions of market orientation, innovation and export performance variables were analyzed. The independent variable of the research market orientation consisted of two dimensions which are customer oriented and competitor oriented. The dependent variable of the research, export performance, and the mediator variable, innovation, were treated as a single dimension. According to the findings; while it is seen that market orientation has a significant and positive effect on both innovation and export performance, it has been determined that innovation does not have a significant and positive effect on export performance. In the meantime, it has also been observed that innovation does not have a mediating role in the effect of market orientation on export performance.

MONKEYPOX (MPOX) IN DIGITAL MEDIA: CLICK-ORIENTED JOURNALISM STRATEGIES

Ferhan KILINÇ — 2025-01-12

In this study, the aim was to determine whether news headlines are click-oriented and to examine click-driven journalism strategies. Between the emergency declaration date of Monkeypox by the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (August 13) and the international public health emergency declaration date by the World Health Organization (August 14), and until August 31, 2024, a total of 234 news headlines from the most clicked websites in August 2024—Hürriyet, Mynet, Sözcü, Sabah, and Milliyet—were selected by scanning with the tags Monkeypox, Mpox, and MonkeyPox. Among these headlines, 105 were identified as click-oriented, while 129 did not employ click-driven strategies. The study utilized content analysis methodology to categorize the 105 click-oriented headlines according to their topic content, content sources, and click-driven journalism strategies. Comparisons were made based on these categories, and percentage calculations of the frequency of each strategy were tabulated. The analysis revealed that each headline employed one or more of the following strategies: “Curiosity-Inducing/Forward-Looking References/Metaphor/Comments and Evaluations”, “Exaggeration/Graphic (Disturbing Descriptions)/Incitement”, “Ambiguous/Missing-Contradictory-Partial Sentences/Hidden Subject or Object”, “Questioning/Promise of Information”, “Quoting/Reference Words-Sentences from the News Content”, “Formatting/Punctuation, Capitalization, Shock-Flash-Bomb-Latest Updates”. The findings indicate that while the headlines aimed to inform and raise awareness, they were also designed to increase click rates. This suggests a simultaneous pursuit of public awareness and commercial interests in the news content. Click-oriented news predominantly focused on attention-grabbing and sensational topics such as cases and deaths, warnings, precautions and recommendations, information, and quarantine/closure. The high prevalence of cases and deaths topics indicates a preference for subjects that elicit emotional responses and curiosity in readers. This demonstrates that news aims to both raise social awareness and achieve high click rates. This study shows that in the headlines related to Monkeypox (Mpox), informational updates are combined with sensational elements and click-driven journalism strategies, thereby neglecting ethical and reliable journalism principles.

AN EVALUATION ON THE IMPACT OF CAPITULATIONS ON THE OTTOMAN ADMINISTRATIVE TRADITION

Ziya Göksel ŞENGÖR — 2025-01-12
The Ottoman Empire, which extended from a small principality to a great state and maintained its political existence for a period of approximately 600 years starting from the 14th century until the first quarter of the 20th century, granted important privileges to Western states, especially in the 16th century, for various purposes such as increasing trade, establishing political intimacy, and so on. Although these privileges, called capitulations, primarily manifested themselves in the field of trade, they also found application in the administrative and judicial fields. Especially from the 19th century onwards, in parallel with the process of the Ottoman Empire's loss of its former power, it is seen that the examples of applications in administrative areas have been increasing not only in quantity but also in quality. While capitulations took on a different structure in the economic field with the Baltalimanı Treaty, they took on a different structure in the judicial/administrative field with the Protege System. The Protege System, which was valid only for the citizens of foreign states in the early years, started to be used for Ottoman citizens in time and after a certain period of time, it became effective enough to change the patterns of thought and action in the administrative tradition of the state. In this study, the effects of capitulations will be analyzed under two headings: trade and judicial/administrative effects. The fact that the practices in the judicial and administrative fields are partially fed by each other constitutes the basis of the idea of analyzing the practices in these two fields under a single heading. In this study, which is shaped with this idea in mind, an attempt will be made to create a general framework for the evaluations regarding the impact of capitulations on the aforementioned topics and the transformation of the practices that have been in question for many years.