https://jasstudies.com/?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=572 The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies en 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27383 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27383 Asude B. DAĞAL, Alev ÖNDER Children’s products market is attracting more and more companies every day. Many companies engaged in manufacturing and having sales departments for adults previously, gave less space to children's products. Nowadays those companies have increased the kinds of children's products and benefits more from TV commercials to advertise those products (Karaca, Pekyaman, Güney,2007, s.234). Thus; children who become knowledgeable about lots of products with ads and they are asking those products from their parents. On the basis of these improvements, this study aimed to examine the effects of television ad viewing behaviours on 3-6 years of age children and on their ad viewing behaviours with respect to their parents’ opinions. The sample of the study consisted of randomly chosen 128 parents of 3-6 years old children who attended the preschools in central İstanbul. A 31 item questionnaire was designed and used by the researchers. Nine of the items were about demographic variables. The questionnaire was presented to parents, whose children attended the randomly selected schools. Demographic data were analysed using chi-square analysis. According to the results the parents evaluating the food in ads as healthy differentiated as a function of the children’s ages. On the basis of parents opinions the frequency of children’s watching television ads differentiated according to number of children in the family. Children’s eating junk food while they were watching TV ads differentiated as a function of the number of children in the family. Children’s being effected by violence in TV ads differentiated according to the number of televisions in their homes. The results were discussed on the bases of related researches. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27362 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27362 Rabia ÖZEN, Handan Asude BAŞAL , Pınar BAĞÇELİ,KAHRAMAN The aim of this research is to adapt the Environ-mental Sensitivity Scale for Children which was de-veloped by Basal, Dogan & Atasoy (2007) to adult and to examine its psychometric properties. This research is a descriptive study of the screening model. The population of this research consists of 1311 teacher candidates, studying in Preschool and Primary School Teacher Education Program at Uludag University Education Faculty in 2013-2014 academic year.The research was conducted on 275 university students from Educational Faculty of Uludag University. In this research, “Environmental Awareness Scale for Chil-dren”, “Scale of Affective Tendencies towards Environment” and “Environmental Behavior Scale” which were adapted by Karatekin (2011), were applied and analyze correlation between the scales. In the first phase item analysis was applied to 90-item-scale and a random t-test was applied to total points of top 27% and the last 27% of the group and, finally, number of items in the scale was decreased to 82. The reliability of the scale was tried to be introduced in two ways including test-retest and internal consistency. In order to allow for scale’s reliability, test-retest reliability coefficient was calculated as r=.76, Cronbach Alpha re-liability coefficient was calculated as ?=.85. In order to allow for simultaneity validity, was analyzed with-in the scope scales it was determined that between total score obtained from the scale and similar scales were at a significant level. Additionally, in order to allow for structure validity, it was determined that there is a significant difference in favor of teacher candidates who take a course related to Environmental Education. As a result, Environmental Sensitivity Scale for Adult can be used as a valid and reliable instrument. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27444 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27444 Abdullah YALNIZ, Ahmet AKIN The aim of this research is to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI; Cann et al., 2010). Participants were 223 undergreduate students from Sakarya University. The Core Beliefs Inventory was translated into Turkish by five academicians and the Turkish form was back-translated into English. In this study confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficients and the item-total correlations were examined.Results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that this scale yielded one factor, as original form and that the uni-dimensional model was well fit (x²= 29.63, df= 22, RMSEA= .039, IFI= .99, CFI= .99, RFI= .95, NFI= .97, NNFI= .98, GFI= .97, AGFI= .94, SRMR= .028). Corrected item-total correlations ranged .44 to .73. Cronbach alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient of the scale was .88. Thus Core Beliefs Inventory can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in psychology. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27455 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27455 Esra Sarıkoyuncu DEĞERLİ Lausanne Peace Conference, which enabled official recognition of Turkish Republic as a respectable member of the international society, continued for 8 months between 20th November 1922 and 4th February 1923 and between 23rd April 1923 and 24th July 1923. The United States of America participated in the conference as an “observer” so as to ensure that the negotiations between the Entente Powers and Turkey would proceed without violating the American interests. Not only because the USA appeared in the conference as an observer but also because of the importance of the negotiations, the American press followed the conference closely and focused mainly on the matter of providing a home for Armenians. American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, founded in November 1915, was also effective in the interest of the American press in the Armenians residing in Anatolia. This committee, from the time it had been established, pursued a systematical propaganda through press to provide a home for Armenians in the Anatolian land. Meanwhile, prior to the conference, the committee, by enabling the missionary reports about Armenian deportation to appear in the press, wanted to create hostility against Turks in the American public opinion on one hand and on the other hand to increase sympathy for Armenians. Throughout Lausanne Conference, this committee and the Armenian Lobby in America increased their propaganda activities through press in favour of Armenians residing in Anatolia. In the study, the approach of the American press to Armenian matter throughout Lausanne Peace Conference and whether it was effective on the American government and its Lausanne delegation will be analysed. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27488 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27488 Fatih M. DERVİŞOĞLU Fuat Köprülü is one of the few people who are the highlights of Turkish historiography. He deserves a distinguished position in the Turkish historiography with his carefully chosen subjects of Turkish History, his style of discussing subjects chosen as well as ability to get to the bottom of matters and his precise perception of the society’s mind set. The founders of the Republic had to “marginalize” the Ottoman Empire, which they replaced, as a requirement to intensify and justify their power. This requirement can explain, up to a certain degree, the official history approach’s need for Turks to embrace their origins in the Middle Asia and to seek ancestors among the most ancient civilizations in Anatolia. The Kemalist history thesis followed its path but did not choose to prevent developments in history researches that deviate from the official thesis. The official history thesis dominated the secondary education through course books whereas Fuad Köprülü established his theory and walked down a different path with his students. This study discusses foundation of Köprülü’s National History Theory and the theory’s contribution to modernization of Turkish History Approach. There are two priorities that guided the direction of Köprülü’s history studies. The first one is the identity of Turks and their cultural structure; the second one is to follow a path that complies with scientific norms. In his work “Başka Milletler Ne Yapıyor?” presumably written between the years of 1914 and 1918, Köprülü explained his concerns. In his opinion, our century is the reign of nationality; being a nationalist is a negative perception. A person should initially know one’s nationality, in other words, one’s history, geography, sociology, language and literature, in order to become a libertarian. The prime manifestation of this approach would be the Balkan nations which effectively used historical proofs in order to expand their countries. Köprülü followed the footsteps of these two priorities that guided his history studies throughout his life. He researched on these concerns on his life; he did researches on Turkish history, culture, Islam civilization, Islam religion and Islamic mysticism. These studies of Köprülü marked a new era in the Turkish historiography. They guided the modernization of Turkish history studies. Köprülü not only marked a new era with his history studies but also created a theory that set an example to his successors. Thanks to Köprülü’s role 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27432 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27432 İbrahim KAYA Bosnalı Sudi, known as one of the most important character with his research, investigation and mastery on reading and understanding has gained appreciations by the other scholars in commentary literature. Although he had a large number of commentaries, the most known are Bostan and Gülistan by Sa'dî-i Şirâzî and Hâfız-ı Şirâzî which gained the most attention on reading and have plenty of copies. These three commentaries which show author’s deep knowledge and accretion were written in the last period of his lifespan with one year interval. These commentaries have a few printed copies and they have also many copies of manuscripts. In addition, they were translated into several languages. These commentaries have important information on the books of Hafız-ı Şîrâzî and Sa'dî-i Şîrâzî for proper comprehending. In above mentioned commentaries, Şerh-i Dîvân-ı Hâfız and Şerh-i Gülistan were published with criticized texts and provided to readers. In this article, if the book named Gülistan Şerhi, later revised, published and had a PhD study on, is the original copy of author or not will be discussed and the topic will be investigated under different headings and concluded with varied examples. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27417 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27417 Kemal EROL, Emin Emrullah EROL First and foremost, language is a medium of communication. Human is the creature to use this medium most commonly and effectively. Humankind, as a creature with physiological features as well as a sociological and psychological whole, needs to communicate and connect with those in the social environment. Many methods and means of communication, which the humankind establishes in order to understand and be understood, are available. Oral narration among these has been prioritized as a communication medium, richer and more powerful than all alphabetical indicators, before written language. In addition to oral and written narration, colors, pictures, various signs, different mechanical sounds, and some body movements may be used as communication means. In verbal communication, some body movements, often made unconsciously but usually practiced purposefully, are among body language activities playing an effective role in communication. A good speaker uses body language in order to be effective and convincing while conveying his/her message to the target audience because body language, rather than words, is essential in delivering and understanding feelings and thoughts. For the listener or follower, it is a complicated process to know people and to understand the speaker’s feelings and whether s/he tells the truth. Within this context, a listener with a focus on understanding pays attention to whatever the speaker tells as well as his/her tone of voice, behaviors, and body movements. S/he considers not only what s/he hears but also what s/he observes and often concludes combining these. Thus, in oral communication, the medium to delivery thought as a product of mental activity is in audio form as well as visual because, in communication, the language has referential function as well as the function to motivate the receiver. Body language is an important dynamic power to actualize this in communication. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27437 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27437 Nurullah ULUTAŞ, Emine ULU Taking stand from Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's description of “İstanbul” as “Out of the Stage", we can define Ankara as the heart of Anatolia and National Struggle. The National Struggle is a battle through which Turkish People were reborn from the ashes at the point of disapperance. The fact that it is also named as Independence War is an indicator for that. This war is undoubtedly the first struggle through which a nation stood up against Imperialists altogether. The literature of each nation bears the deep traces from Independence Struggle of that nation. Altough some intellectuals, primarily Ziya Gökalp, claim that Independence War is not treated in our literature enough, we can see that this struggle is used as the main theme or background in many novels, stories, poems and essays. We witness that some authors take stand from their own experiences and turn their observations into fiction in an autobiographic style in some of their works or they sometimes touch upon Independence War as a background without breaking the plotline of the novel or stody. In a process when the Ottoman Empire started to collapse in political, social and economic sense and to be shared as "Sick Man", this struggle which started from Samsun and was shaped in Sivas and Amasya headed towards a central state built in Ankara. This statization process reflects itself on our novels and stories with all stages. The center of the aids sent to İstanbul and all around the country was Ankara. The center of the army built by the voluntary patriots named Kuvay-ı Millî was Ankara. Based upon Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’s novel, Ankara, this paper will put emphasis on how Ankara showed an alteration in becoming of capital city, during and after the war of independence; what kind of charactreistics it undertook; and, how these elements were reflected in Turkish Novels. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27472 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27472 Yusuf ÇETİN Maksur section that has been designed to ensure the safety of the caliph, was added to Mescidu’n Nebi that is the first Islamic Mosque during Hz Osman period at the Islamic Mosque Architecture. Over time, maksur covering with the dome, is located in the front of the altar and maksur has been one of the key elements of the Islamic mosque architecture. This maksur dome tradition that is involved in the bivouac type of mosque which is brought to Iran and Central Asia by Muslim Arabs, has become a monumental form in front of the altar by mergigng with a tradition od dome that is related with pre-Islamic beliefs and management. Dome seen as a symbol of monarch sovereignty, in front of the altar, was introduced in the mosques of first Muslim Turkish States Karahanlı and Gazneli and it has been the starting point of spatial association that represents the mosque architecture. Büyük Selçuklular that created a monumental mosque architecture with collecting and evaluating developments of mosques in the Karahanlı and Gazneli, spread this architectural approach to the Islamic World. Seljuks who conquered Anatolia with the victory of Malazgirt in 1071, dealth with dome in front of the altar wih excitement of creaing a new mosque architecture, they tend to public space that dome controls thought. At the established principalities after Anatolian Seljuk, this search had been advancing step by step. In the Ottoman era mosque architecture in XIV century, majör improvements in terms of monumental space design has been began to appear, especially dome in front of the altar had been the basic element of spatial design. In the XVI. Century, public space concept that has the idea of gathering a crowded community under one dome in the Turkish mosque architecture reached its climax with Mimar Sinan built Edirne Selimiye Mosque by using the existing architectural accumulation that consists of ongoing search and experimentation in the Ottoman mosque architecture. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27471 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27471 Ayşe Derya IŞIK Bilim insanı yetiştirme, üniversitelerin lisansüstü programları aracılığıyla olmaktadır. Bu eğitimler sırasında yapılan çalışmalar alana katkı sağlamakta, alandaki bilimsel bilgilere yenisini eklemektedir. Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de Sınıf Öğretmenliği Eğitimi alanında yapılmış lisansüstü tezlerin karakteristik ve tematik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ulusal Tez Merkezi üzerinde 17.01.2014 tarihinde Sınıf Öğretmenliği Eğitimi alanında yapılmış lisansüstü tezler bu çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada 899 teze ulaşılmış ve hepsi örnekleme alınmıştır. Lisansüstü tezlerin bilgilerinden oluşan bir liste hazırlanmıştır. Bu listede her bir tezin başlık, anahtar kelimeleri ve özet bilgileri kullanılarak gruplamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda hazırlanan tezlerin çok büyük bir kısmının yüksek lisans eğitimi düzeyinde olduğu, 2009-2013 yılları arasında ve yardımcı doçent doktor unvanlı danışmanlarca hazırlandığı ve tam metne erişime izinli olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde Sınıf Öğretmenliği Eğitimi alanında hazırlanan tezlerin tematik olarak yıllara göre dağılımı incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda sınıf öğretmenliği lisansüstü programlarında hazırlanan tezlerin yarısından fazlasının alan eğitiminde ve çok küçük bir kısmının da genel yetenek eğitiminde hazırlandığı belirlenmiştir. Alan eğitiminde yapılan tezlerin neredeyse her dönemde en çok Türkçe öğretimi, Eğitim bilimleri alanında hazırlanan tezlerin neredeyse her dönemde en çok yönetim alanında hazırlandığı belirlenmiştir. Genel yetenek eğitimi alanında yapılan tezler incelendiğinde konu dağılımlarının birbirine yakın olduğu ve bilişim teknolojileri alanında hazırlanan tezlerin dönemlere göre artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27481 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27481 Emre ÖZŞAHİN The aim of the present study is to describe the characteristics and the types of the drainage system in and around the Ganos (Işıklar) Mount. In this study, 1/25.000-scaled topographic map sheets numbered BANDIRMA G18 a3, b3, b4, c1, d2, and d3 of Turkey’s Topographic Maps prepared by the General Command of Mapping were used as the main materials beside GIS (Geographic Information System) techniques. Also, the data obtained from various resources were used. The classical method used in hydrographical studies carried out in line with the fundamental aspects of the physical geography principles was followed. The research data were collected and checked through field works. It was found out that the river system in the study area that was drained by the rivers flowing into both the Marmara Sea and the Aegean Sea gained its characteristics mainly from the Upper Pleistocene and that the main drainage system was on the way to reaching the equilibrium profile. In the study area where the degree of fragmentation in the topography or the density of the river was not uniform, it was determined that the density of the river was low in some parts while it was high in others. The average drainage density per km² in this area where the length of the river is 1157 km was found to be 2.54 km/km². Geology, topography, climate, and vegetation played an important role in the composition and development of the river system in the study area. Thus, dendritic, parallel, barbed, radial, lattice, and centripetal drainage patterns were identified in line with the related factors and their degree of activity. Also, the regeneration taking place as a result of the tectonic movements seen in the area was the reason for the occurrence of translations, incised meanders, or the incidents of capture. The drainage system in the study area, where the activity of the river was intensely felt as it remained inside the borders of the fluvial morphogenetic area, gave a very strong reaction to the phenomena seen during the hydro-geomorphological development cycle. This situation played a role in the formation of the current drainage system in the area. Carrying out similar works in different areas on this subject is important for understanding the river system which is the most effective external force that shapes the earth and for making the best use of it. The results of the present study can be used for explaining geomorphologic and hydrographic development processes in the area and for anal 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27445 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27445 Halid PEKTEZEL Today, accelerating settlements are causing many problems in natural environment. To build living spaces which are compatible with natural environment elements, healthy and ecological, the studies on suitable places and field planning are needed. With regards to this need, remarkable studies are being carried on depending on the techniques of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This study is a GIS based geoecological planning analysis to determine inhabitable places in Süleymanpaşa - the central district of Tekirdağ - in terms of natural and humane environmental elements. In the study, several thematic maps are used based on 1/25.000 scale. The analysis and mapping stage are completed by using ArcGIS/ArcMap 10.2 programme, as one of the GIS software. The poly-criterion analysis process is applied as a method. 16 effective factors in the analysis are explained, classified, and GIS degrees are given. Afterwards, these factors are used to determine the inhabitability of the field and the compatibility map of the field is prepared in terms of the inhabitability. As a result of our studies, it is observed that 26,5% of Süleymanpaşa consists of uninhabitable areas, 42,8% consists of habitable and 30,6% is semi-habitable. The uninhabitable areas are river beds and their surroundings, sloping and mountainous lands near the Ganos fault and the lands that are far away from the sea, the port and public service areas. The habitable areas are those that do not have slope or foundation problems, close to the transportation systems and public service areas. It is observed that the inhabitable lands lay through Tekirdağ - Çorlu - İstanbul highway and Tekirdağ - Muratlı railway course. At the same time, these lands have lower slope angles and their average altitude is below 100 meters. The fact that these lands are without a drainage problem and face the sea in the south makes them more suitable for habitation. It is found out in this study that Gazioğlu, Hüsünlü, Karaselvi, Köseilyas, Klavuzlu, Kayı, Gündoğdu, Karadeniz, Zafer, Eski Cami-Orta Cami, Çanakçı, Hacıköy, Yazır, Yağcı and Nusratlı neighborhoods are habitable. Whereas, Dedecik, Kınıklar, Akçahalil, Oruçbeyli, İnecik, Karansallı, Karacamurat and Evciler neighborhoods are inhabitable. Safety precautions against natural disasters must be taken for the neighborhoods on the inhabitable lands. It is thought that such precautions and studies should be taken into consideration for the lands that are zoned for hou 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27496 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27496 Hasan Hüseyin KILINÇ, Emin Tamer YENEN In today's world where information is constantly changing and innovating, learning needs of in 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27463 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27463 Hatice GÜNGÖR SEYHAN, Gülseda EYCEYURT TÜRK In this study, the “ Chemistry Attitudes and Experiences Survey” developed by Dalgety, Coll and Jones (2003) to assess the chemistry self-efficacy levels of university students at the general chemistry classes was used. The “Chemistry Self Efficacy” section of the survey was adapted into Turkish and then the validity and reliability analysis were made. The survey was administered to total 496 university students. CSES, the original version, which had four factors, was tested via the Maximum Likelihood Estimation technique and the calculated error variances were examined. The analysis concluded that the original assessment model and the adapted version were in line with each other while the factor structure of CSES was also confirmed. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient for factors and the scale was calculated for analyzing the reliability of the scale. The Alpha value calculated for CSES was .88 (17 items). As a conclusion, it was observed that CSES had reliable assessment outcomes at both factor level and the scale level. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27462 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27462 İbrahim BOZACI Traditionally it is known that high price of consumed products is used for conveying messages like high quality, brand, status, wealth and being different. However, the conspicuous consumption is not realized only with the consumption of high priced products. This study investigates the usage of low priced consumption as a conspicuous factor. Capability of purchasing and using too low priced products is an indicator of reputation and success especially for price sensitive and low income people. Under the scope of the study, structure, types, causes and consequences of conspicuous consumption is explained first. After that a survey is conducted in Kirikkale about purchasing and using low priced products to improve social appearance. It is pointed out that attendances are between indifference and not participation for sentences about conspicuous consumption with low price. Moreover especially low income, unemployed and female consumers evaluate low price as conspicuous factor. Furthermore, materialism and religious lifestyle is related with low price based conspicuous consumption. Suggestions for researchers and companies are developed at last. Research is conducted only in province of Kirikkale by convenience sampling method. So research findings cannot be generalized. The research, which adds new and novel viewpoint to conspicuous consumption, contributes to understand the consumption behavior of low income consumers. Since the research subject is new and novel, study is conducted with exploratory level and results of the subject is not evaluated. Research is instructive for studies which will be made about results of conspicuous consumption. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27491 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27491 İrşad Sami YUCA This study examines the Mus People’s House and its nine sub-branch activities to the community. Socio-cultural policies of Kemalist ideology transferred to the community through People’s House in Mus located in Eastern Anatolia during the single-party period have been investigated. A new and modern identity for the public has been tried to be formed as well as increasing Turkish literacy activities via people’s houses with different socio-cultural activities with the purpose of adopting Kemalist principles and reforms to the society and to create a nationalist nation state. In 1934 with the appointment of governor Tevfik Sirri Gur to Mus people’s house was opened and shortly its nine sub-branches started their work. Mus People’s House conducted its work in difficult economic conditions caused by the lack of qualified personnel and economic resource. Speaking Kurdish language as well as having a different culture is among the problems that Mus People’s House encountered. Due to these reasons Mus People’s House typically conducted its work with Turkish language courses, and conferences and seminars representing Turkish culture. In order to increase the sense of national solidarity among the society families and students needing material and spiritual help were assisted. Sports activities was given importance to help young population find a place in the society and vocational courses with literacy courses for women were opened to bring women to the center of social life against conservative life and strong traditions of Mus province. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27493 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27493 Metin UÇAR, Ruhi KONAK Correspondingly with Otoman social life, like in Anatolia, many religious and secular builgings were also built in different Balkan cities. Along with the architectural properties of the period they belong to , these constructions have been important representatives of Turkish culture with the ornamentation and mural painting inside and outside. In Balkans, especially Berat city which is in Albania is one of the richest balkan cities in terms of representing Turkish culture. There are some constructions on which there are ornamentations and mural paintings which represent Turkish culture in the city. The guesthouse of an islamic monastery in Gorica district of the city is one of these constructions. There are mural paintings which were done with hand-drawn technique on plaster in two rooms of the house. These mural paintings which were generally done on a panel or medallion show similarity with the examples of miniature craft. Within the context of this article , the paintings on the walls of the house being talked about have been examined in terms of form properties of miniature craft and the struggle for maintaining the adventure of Otoman miniature craft which ended in book pages on walls have been intended. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27478 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27478 Necmettin ERGÜL One of the three major main subjects which Sufism has studied is human being. Although all aspects of human being has been examined by this field of science, especially the spiritual facade has been tried to be explored. Human being, within the framework of the perfect human being understanding, has been analysed by Sufis belonging to the school of wahdat al vucud as the highest collocutor of Almighty Allah and both his sublime and inferior aspects has been examined in details. In our article, we will try to evaluate the relations between the perfect human and good morals. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27480 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27480 Nurdan TEKEOĞLU Tourism in Turkey proved a growth both all over the world and in Turkey. In 2014 the number of tourists increased to 36 million 837 thousand 900 from 34 million 910 thousand 910 in 2013. It proves 5.5 percent increase. The reason for increasing number of tourists lies in changing marketing strategies of Turkey.Increasing numbers of hotels and holiday villages,restoration of churchs and other religious places and their opening to worship, visits of the members of the state to new destinations as Africa and Middle East countries for lobbying, sale of Turkish serials and films to foreign countries and the wish of the citizens of those countries to see shooting places and actors and actresses in Turkey, new marinas and harbours, the advertising and PR campaigns of the state institutions as THY and others, the increasing number of blogs and web sites about touristic destinations in Turkey, gastronomy attractions and the permission for foreigners for buying houses or flats from the increasing number of construction projects in Turkey are important factors for changing marketing strategies in Turkey. The questionnaire for the article is answered by employees or employers that have been working more than 10 years in tourism sector and it gives important cues for changing marketing strategies in Turkey. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27461 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27461 Ömer Okan FETTAHLIOĞLU, Alican AFŞAR In the last two decades characterized as the information age, one of the most important strategic elements that ensure businesses to succeed has been the intellectual capital. Therefore, practices and methods to develop intellectual capital have been studied. It is necessary to establish the structure of a learning organization for reflecting business resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in a positive manner. In literature, it is pointed out that the idea of measuring of intellectual capital and what should be the elements of the learning organization. In this study, hypotheses tested whether perceptions of business applications towards becoming a learning organization have a positive affect on a perception of the firm's intellectual capital. The research was applied 397 staff of one firm which operating in the textile sector. The findings of the research supported that the perception for learning organization dimension affected positively the perception of intellectual capital components. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27368 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27368 Ebru ALAN, Bülent Cercis TANRITANIR The aim of this study has been put into words as the sorrows of Wilhelm, his hopes and hopelessness, the days which stands alone, his vain desires and ambitions. Horatious, the heart of Latin Literature, says “ be knowledgeable about everything, filter the wine drop by drop, during the short life do not rely on vain hopes. Even when we are speaking, the envious time will have been rolled by. Live your day as much as you want, as quiet as possible rely on your tomorrow. The necessity of appreciating the value of time can be told like this. Seize the day is both Bellow’s most considerable masterpiece and has influenced all over the world. As a matter of fact, the message given is short and essential, the thing felt is so profound, real and full of sorrow. Nobel- prized author Bellow has an important role in the world of literature. As you may know, to smell literature is different from being a man of letters. Bellow was one of the main writers who reflects the inner psychology of man. Bellow is a philosopher who questions his existence. Moreover, with the character Tommy Wilhelm the existence has been questioned throughout the novel. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27515 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27515 Baktygul KULAMSHAEVA Turkic community, who spent nomadic and combative life, underwent numerous wars. For the Turks, many of those wars arose from their wish not to live under the yoke of another community and from the desire and efforts to establish their own government. However, no matter what the reason is, regardless of right or wrong, the results were always the same: destruction, death and pain. It is obvious that none of the wars in the history was won easily. But, from a humanist perspective, on the other hand, it can also be said that each victory was based on destruction and death. History books generally prefer to tell us the success of the war, instead of telling the losses and the damages that it brought to both the winner and loser sides. Nonetheless, only the people who experienced it know what the war really is. Death, destruction, suffering, political and economic crisis that the war brought, are the psychological and spiritual dimensions hardly mentioned in the history books. All of these remain in the memory of the people as a heavy burden during their lives. In most cases, the people who experienced this burden, try to convey the sufferings of the war to the next generations by telling or writing these losses and the damages, to be able to show what the war really is. Thus they hope to prevent the people to make the same mistakes in the future. In the history of literature, there are lots of works telling these losses and the damages that the wars brought to the people. Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov is also one of the great writers who tells what the war brought to Kyrgyz people. In our study, the destruction, death, losses and the sufferings of the war seen through Aitmatov’s works have been examined. And their impacts on the society and the Kyrgyz people have also been explored from a psychological point of view in some parts. In addition, some of Aitmatov’s works have been compared with the works of some other Kyrgyz writers addressing the issue of war. Demonstrating the realistic features through his works C. Aitmatov’s has been considered and described as one of the realistic writers in the era of Soviet socialist realism. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27419 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27419 Bülent ŞENER Straits, which consist of Istanbul Strait, Marmara Sea and Canakkale Strait, have been the intersection point of the geographical borders between continents, providing the intercontinental passage; and also affected the balance of power with its strategic position for centuries. Straits are one of the most important sea routes in the world, which connect Asia and Europe to each other as an intercontinental center and as a geopolitical and geocultural bridge which unites the civilizations, have always protected their geopolitical and geostrategic importance and value throughout history. Because of this importance and value, Straits have always been the target of the powerful states which wanted to dominate the region; also the most important policy tool for the state/states which held them. When we consider the changing political, economic and military conjunctures, the preservation of Straits’ importance due to the uniformity of geographic fatality; makes the Straits an important determinant in defining, identifying, sustaining and changing the balance in world politics. This study will conduct geopolitical and geostrategic analysis of the Straits within a historical background, and try to build a perspective about the recent situation and future of Straits. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27457 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27457 Eşref ERTÜRK Risk evaluation, which has become more complicated in the globalization process, is a necessity that should be applied to a wide range of fields including security, health, environment, economy, and so on. Geography, which has global and local dimensions, has an important place in risk evaluation. Considering place in risk evaluation will help institutions to get efficient and appropriate results. The Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM), which has been developed by the researchers at Rutgers Center on Public Security, is a scientific approach in place-based risk evaluation. In this study, the problem about the negative effects of childhood pneumonia on countries has been evaluated in line with RTM. The significance of similar approaches in security issues has also been discussed. The author argued in the study that all risks related to terrain can be studied through a modeling, thus the prospective problems may be estimated beforehand and the necessary precautions can be determined through this approach. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27450 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27450 Mevlüt KARADAĞ, İbrahim Halil CANKUL Mental workload is the workload that is constituted by mental and perceptive activities such as calculation, decision making, communicating, remembering, searching and seeking. With this current study, main objective has been to evaluate mental workloads of doctors who work in GATF (Gulhane Military Medical Faculty) Training Hospital and to determine whether there is a difference on mental workloads of physicians depending on their socio-cultural backgrounds or not. The “NASA-TLX Scale”, which was developed by Hart and Staveland has been used in this study. 178 physicians, 48.3% of whom were faculty instructors, attended the research. In the conclusion of the study, the highest level mental workload factor was “pressure of short deadlines” and the lowest level mental workload factor was “physical strain”. Physicians’ mental workload average is 65.42±15.2. Mental workload consists of 17.7% polyclinic services, 29.9% clinic services, 16.5% administrative and managerial activities, 19.3% education-training activities and 16.5% research-development and scientific activities. While physicians’ mental workload differed (significantly) depending on the variables of age, total time spent on service, department where they work, number of duties and general satisfaction from their jobs, their mental workload did not differ depending on the variables of sex, marital status, title, the number of children and total amount of service time in GATF Training Hospital. It has been found significant that administrators and decision-makers should consider doctors’ socio-cultural traits during the distribution of duties. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27436 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27436 Onur TOPOĞLU Creativity is a crucial feature that is expected from all the members of the society in this era of technology and innovation. Since one of the prior facts that shape the society is education, it is important to obtain environments that develop creativity. According to Yasa and Şahin (2012) teachers have crucial roles to develop creative thinking of students. To perform these roles teachers should internalize creativity of theirselves. Therefore, it is important that the level of creativity of the teacher candidates and from which the levels of creativity of the teacher candidates differ. The purpose of the present study is to determine the levels of creativity of the pre-service teachers who get education from Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Education and also to investigate the difference between their creativity levels and various variables. Data was gathered from one thousand and twenty-eight students (F=711; M=317) who study at Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Education using “How Creative Are You” creativity scale, which was developed by Raudsepp (1977) and translated into Turkish by Çoban (1999). Additionally a personal information which was developed by the researcher was used. The results showed that creativity levels of the participants were below average and there was a significant difference between the creativity levels of the students and their departments. Also, there was a difference between the creativity levels of the students and their grades and their sequence of attending artistic activities. For these variables the difference was not significant, but very close to significance level. There was no difference between creativity levels of the students and their genders, ages and the type of the high school that they were graduated. Results were discussed with reference to related literature and some suggestions were made concerning the results. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27397 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27397 Sibel DEMİR, Fatma ŞAHİN Community of economic, technological, health, culture, art, change in many areas such as aesthetics, development, cross-community interactions, as in every field, there is also the field of education. The study was undertaken with the 3rd graders from the department of pre-school teaching of a university in Istanbul. It was aimed to detect these 3rd graders’ beliefs about the 5E method by enabling them to prepare various scientific experiments and to present them by using the 5E method. The teacher candidates were supplied some data-collection means, which would enable the researchers to understand their beliefs about the 5E method at the end of the semester. And the comments by the 6 randomly-chosen teacher candidates about the method were taken. The items of the data-collection tool, which had been supplied to the pre-school teacher candidates, were assessed by using an SPSS statistics program and the frequencies of these items were calculated. Moreover, the beliefs of the teacher candidates about the 5E method were analyzed qualitatively. Thus, the pre-school teacher candidates’ beliefs about the 5E method were aimed to detect. Moreover, the pre-school teacher candidates’ beliefs about the 5E method were analyzed qualitatively. It was seen that most of the teacher candidates expressed quite positive comments about the method. Thus, the attitudes and beliefs of the 3rd graders from the department of pre-school teaching about the 5E method were tried to be detected by enabling these 3rd graders to create and to present the scientific experiments by using the 5E method, and their skills to search and to question. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27413 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27413 Doğa BAŞER, Himmer HÜLÜR Zygmunt Bauman is known with his critical works towards our contemporary world. In this study, Bauman’s typology of stranger is evaluated through periodization of liquid modernity. In Bauman’s works, stranger is described as a person, who is physically close and mentally distant, encountered in our social life. . Liquid modernity, on the other hand, refers to societies’ flexible, fragile and in 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27513 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27513 Dilek Tüfekçi CAN Race, class, and gender are commonly accepted as the primary axes of analyses across the disciplines of imperialism and (post)colonialism. Within landscapes, they have constituted subjects, as both a priori and problematized categories of analysis. Even though religion has not received the same attention since it has been either reduced to a residual category, or there has been a paucity of research on geographies of religion, over the last two decades there has been a noticeable increase in both conceptual and theoretical criticism to geographies of religion. Accordingly, A Passage to India (1924) by E. M. Forster deserves to be evaluated in terms of geographies of religion for the simple reason that it illustrates a primary focus on religious landscapes, all of which can be said to have been built around threefold 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27454 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27454 Dilek ŞAHİN, Şule AYDIN TÜKELTÜRK , Bahriye TERLEMEZ , Adnan BAÇ Ethical climate, which is a type of work climate, is the general conception of organizational procedure and practices that include ethical content. It may be considered that more favorable perception of ethical climate in health care services will increase quality of service and would help dealing with problems more effectively. Thus, it is important for managers to know workers’ perception of ethical climate. The purpose of this paper is to analyze perception of ethical climate of public hospital workers and differentiation of the perception between various demographic variables and occupational groups. Results suggest that the average of law and codes dimension of ethical climate is the highest dimension. Independency ratio for primary or secondary school and high school graduates is higher than the one for college graduates. In the instrumental sub dimension, score of the workers working for 5 years or less is higher than the score of workers working for 13-19 years, 20-25 years and 27 years or higher. In the law and codes sub dimension, scores for nurses and administrative staff are higher than the score for doctors. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27440 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27440 MEHMET ÇELİK Throughout history, civilizations and which is the center of cultural exchange, is the gateway civilizations and cultures of the middle east, which, in every period of history has been the scene of the period of the dominant powers of the competition. Especially in the nineteenth century the european powers, heavily economic, cultural and political terms they showed in a massive presence. At this stage of the historical and social process of europe, the european states, the ideology of nationalism, when they go overseas to places beyond search to the pursuit of the colonial and continental had shifted. This first of convection, had shown itself in economic activities. Especially napoleon invaded egypt, and parallel trade in the eastern mediterranean that occur in the lock position of which is concentrated in the industrial age brought to lebanon and developed centres of trade in the state. The laboratory of the middle east who acts as a kind of a tremendous cultural and religious 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27379 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27379 Mehmet ELBAN Territorial modern national states were emerged along with citizenship in the nineteenth century and patriotism had been the main component of citizenship. Thus, all nation states included patriotism in the school curriculum to inculcate patriotic attitudes to students. Initially, nation states aimed to inculcate strong patriotism to its citizens. However, today it is intended that attitudes of students to be a democratic as well as inculcating patriotism. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate attitudes of the 11th grade students’ patriotic and blind attitudes.Sample of the study was chosen randomly from the pool of 3 secondary schools in Kazan district of Ankara province as 3 schools in the academic year of 2009-2010. Totally 240 students, 131 female and 109 male from 11th grades of these 3 schools participated to the study. In order to gather data, Patriotic Attitudes Scale were used as measurement instrument. The datas obtained from the research was analyzed by using the computer program,‘’ SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 13’’ For the analysis of the data, t test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis and one-way ANOVA was used. Significance level is .05 for all the analyses.The results revealed that the students in this study group have high level constructive and medium level blind patriotic attitudes. On the other hand gender differences were found in terms of neither constructive patriotic attitudes nor blind patriotic attitudes. However according to school type variable, there is a significant difference among students’ constructive patriotic attitudes. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27448 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27448 Merve Senem ARKAN Lady Mary Wortley Montagu visited the Ottoman Empire between 1716 and 1718 as the wife of the British ambassador. During her journey she wrote letters about her observations in Constantinople. She portrayed the harem, hamam and the Oriental women, besides their life styles, fashion, music, religion, amusement and many other aspects of the Oriental world. Montagu’s Oriental women were portrayed as independent in 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27486 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27486 Neslihan GÜNAYDIN First published in Beirut in 1966 and regarded as one of the most significant Arabic novels of the 20th century, Tayeb Salih’s gorgeous novel Season of Migration to the North is the story of two postcolonial subjects who lived as Arab and Muslim expatriates for a considerable amount of time in England and then returned to their postcolonial land Sudan. Considering the Sudanese writer Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North from colonial and postcolonial perspective, this paper aims at investigating the ways in which the novel contributes to the concepts and objectives of the postcolonial literature, and it attempts to trace postcolonial references in the novel. Season of Migration provides a critical look on migration and intercultural exchanges between Africa and England by referring to the cosmopolitan London of the 1920s and the rural countryside of northern Sudan through the narrator Meihemed and the protagonist Muhammed Sa’eed’s personal experiences, observations and analysis of two different cultures. The novel directly or indirectly makes a criticism of colonialism and displays how colonialism is responsible from “the germ of violence inflicted on victims who fight back against colonialism with the same pyschological counter attack. Focusing on the problem of immigration and its inevitable effects on the migrants, Season of Migration presents Mustafa Sa’eed as an attacker on the western culture by his sexual exploits as a form of revenge and the narrator Meihemed as a passive defender of the eastern culture who discovers his place has been taken by Mustafa Sa’eed during his years of study abroad. Through the end of the novel we clearly see that every character strives to create their own world by death or rebirth in a patriarchal society on the verge of modernization. In the creation of a postcolonial world Hosna’s defying tradition, Sa’eed’s idea of reversing colonialism and Meihemeed’s objective position between two different cultures and his intensive feelings about his homeland in his imagination as well as his passive role in the face of frustrating patriarchal Arab world restricting women’s rights and freedom all bear great significance. Maybe, Ngugi’s well-known phrase “decolonising the mind”, and living not in an enforced culture will be perfect solutions to sow the seeds of a more modern society based on in 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27506 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=27506 Ferit YUSUPOV 2024-08-29