The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Year 2017 Issue 59

THE PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS ABOUT SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY

Türkan ARGON, Sibel DEMİRER — 2024-08-29

In this research, the purpose was to determine the perceptions of school administrators about social responsibility and organizational identity, to present the relation between their perceptions according to their demographic variables and to define whether there is a significant difference between these perceptions. The sample of the research was figured with the screening model. The universe of research consists of 121 school administrators who work at secondary schools and high schools in Bolu province central district. As the data didn’t show normal distribution, non-parametric analyzes were used. According to the results of the research; school administrators' perceptions of social responsibility in all sub-dimensions and in total "I strongly agree", and the perception of organizational identity is at the level of "I agree". Educational status and ages of school administrators did not show any significant difference in social responsibility perceptions. The type of task, school type, gender, seniority of management, and the length of working periods at the same school reveal significant differences in some sub-dimensions of social responsibility and in total. For example, the sense of social responsibility is higher for school administrators, those working at middle schools, for men, and for those who have been in management for 1-2 years. The perceptions of organizational identity of school administrators do not depend on the type of school, sex, occupational seniority, and the length of school administration. The type of duty differs according to the educational status and age. For example, the perception of organizational identity is higher for assistant managers, those who are under age 40, and for undergraduate graduates. It has been found that school managers' social responsibility and organizational identity perceptions are moderately positively related. As a result of the research, it can be suggested to increase the effect of school administrators on the empowerment of employees' organizational identity by supporting the participation of school administrators in social responsibility activities.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HUMOR STYLES OF THE ADMINISTRATORS AND THE HUMOR CLIMATE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

Ahmet ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between schools’ humor climates and administrators’ humor styles according to the views of both primary school administrators and teachers. The study was designed as a correlational research. The population of the study consists of 631 primary school administrators and 6850 teachers working in state primary schools in Muratpaşa, Kepez, Konyaltı, Döşemealtı, and Aksu districts of Antalya province in 2014-2015 educational years. The data gathered from a sample of 904 participants of which are 253 administrators and 651 teachers. Two scales were used for gathering data on schools’ humor climate and humor styles of the administrators. A five point Likert Scale was used in the questionnaires. Analyses which were conducted to calculate the data included bivariate correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient) and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Consequently, there are, generally, significant relationships between the humor styles of primary school administrators and the humor climates of those schools. In the study, it was found that positive humor climate has significant positive correlation with the positive humor styles, affilative humor and self-enhancing humor. On the contrary, negative humor climate has significant negative correlation with the positive humor styles, affilative humor and self-enhancing humor. However, negative humor climate has significant positive correlation with the aggressive humor and self-defeating humor. Positive humor climate has significant negative correlation with the aggressive humor; while it has no correlation with self-defeating humor. The results, also, revealed that the humor styles of the administrators are the significant predictors of the humor climates of the schools. Based on all these results, it can be said that positive humor climate types will be dominant in the schools where the administrators use constructive humor styles.

DETERMINATION OF EXPERIMENTS OF NON-AREA TEACHERS WORKING IN SPECIAL SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATION CENTERS

Sena Gülsüm ŞEN, Müzeyyen ELDENİZ ÇETİN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which non- area teachers working in special special education and rehabilitation centers live. Participants were interviewed about instructional intervention, use of materials, communication with managers and families, behavior management and social skills training. The participants of the study consisted of ten teachers, seven pre-school and three classroom teachers working in the field of special education. Research data were collected from qualitative research methods using semi-structured interview technique, and the obtained data were analyzed descriptively. Descriptive analysis is a type of qualitative data analysis that summarizes and interprets the data obtained by various data collection techniques according to pre-determined themes. In this type of analysis, the researcher provides a direct citation to reflect in a striking way the views of the i

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF “MATHEMATICS” FOR THE PROSPECTIVE PRESCHOOL TEACHERS?

Yasemin KABA, Sare ŞENGÜL — 2024-08-29

Mathematics which is described as the abstracted form of the life is defined as analyzing all the possible patterns. Mathematics which processes information, infers results from them and which is a key for problem solving is a useful tool for people to understand the world and our environment. For this reason, searching understanding by starting from pre-school period can be seen as the first steps of understanding mathematics. In this sense, the purpose of this research is to determine the meaning of mathematics according to prospective pre-school teachers. With this regard, it is aimed to present the concepts which are visualized by the pre-school prospective teachers when it is said mathematics and the type of relationship that they construct between them. Within the scope of this aim, the study was carried out together with 63 second year students from pre-school teaching department in an education faculty. The students were asked to create mind maps about mathematics and to produce metaphors about mathematics. A mind map is a visual representation of relationships between concepts and thoughts. As the concepts, graphics and figures which come to mind of an i

UNDERSTANDING OF ABSTRACT CONCEPTIONS IN THE UNIT OF CELL DIVISION AND HEREDITY THROUGH CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS

Hatice Gülmez GÜNGÖRMEZ, Abuzer AKGÜN , Ümit DURUK , Ceylan DOĞAN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of the present study was to examine eighth grade students’ meta-phorical perceptions in relation to certain conceptions in the specific context of cell division and heredity. The study reflects on the analysis of conceptual metaphors by phenomenological method. The working group of the study was comprised of 20 eight-grade students enrolled in a state school located in the province of Adıyaman. Students participated in the study were presented a form consisting of such questions “chromosome, gene, phenotype, crossing-over and mitosis is as……because….” and asked to fill in the blanks given in the questions. Data collected by the forms were given in descriptives and percentages. In conclusion, 51 metaphors related to 5 distinct conceptions were explored in the analysis. These metaphors were categorized into 4 categories labelled as “living being”, “characteristics/thought/abstract”, “instrument/object” and “course/action”. It was also observed that the most referred category was “characteristics/thought/abstract” generating totally 36 metaphors while the most referred metaphor was “barter” associated with the conception of crossing-over. Most of the students were unable to put in the correct order of DNA, chromosome and gene by size. Considering all these results, it might be suggested that the incompetency of understanding abstract, complex and theoretical phenomena should be challenged by constructive activities improving metaphorical thinking in science courses.

FACEBOOK ADDICTION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AND COMPARISON OF THEIR PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN TERMS OF THE DEMOGRAPHICAL VARIABLES

Derya ALİMANOĞLU YEMİŞÇİ , — 2024-08-29

In this research, it is aimed to examine the Facebook addiction level of high school students according to the demographical variables together with their personality characteristics. 133 female and 114 male high school students ,247 in total, were included in this study. “10-Item Personality Scale” was used to define the personal characteristics of high school students and “Facebook Addiction Scale” was implemented in order to determine their Facebook addiction level. Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman Correlation analysis were used on SPSS 22.0 for the statistical analysis of the data. At the end of the study, it is found out that extroversion, emotional imbalance, openness for experience, responsibility and amiability characteristics of the participants are at the mid-level whereas their Facebook addictions are at the low level. When taken into consideration under the light of demographical variables; it is determined that personal characteristics of the high school students demonstrate a meaningful statistical differentiation according to the gender and number of devices they use (p<0.05), but personal characteristics display no meaningful statistical differentiation in terms of age and sports activities variables (p>0.05). When the findings related with Facebook addiction are evaluated, it is observed that participants’ Facebook addiction levels show meaningful statistical differentiation in terms of gender vraiable (p<0.05), whilst not displaying any meaningful statistical differentiation according to the variables of age, sports activities and number of devices used (p>0.05). Additionally, it was observed that there was no statistical meaningful relation betweem the personal characteristics of high school students and Facebook addictions (p>0.05). Consequently, demographic variables have a partial impact on the personal characteristics and Facebook addiction of high school students, but on the other hand personal characteristics are not crucially deterministic for Facebook addiction.

DIASPORIC TRAUMA OR TRAUMATIC DIASPORA?:THE NAMESAKE BY JHUMPALAHIRI RECONSIDERED

Bülent Cercis TANRITANIR — 2024-08-29

Coptic or diaspora (Ancient Greek: ???????? - "diaspora") has been described as living as a minority elsewhere, breaking away from the mainland of a people, nation, or belief for a long time. The word expresses both the act of breaking apart and the people who are living apart as a minority. As the journey of man over the world continues, the concept of diaspora will continue to be discussed. The terms ‘diaspora’ and ‘trauma’ are commonly used almost interchangeably especially in the literary products of Amerasians. Life in diaspora is considered to be one of the main reasons for cultural trauma or vice versa. Cultural trauma is a kind of diasporic result and a natural resource of diaspora, so it is believed that there is a mutual cause-and-effect between the two. Jeffrey C. Alexander claims that “Cultural trauma occurs when members of a collectivity feel they have been objected a horrendous event that leaves indelible marks upon their group consciousness marking their memories forever and changing their future identity in fundamental and irrevocable ways” (VIII). This article reveals the intercultural conflicts, traumas, isolation, hopes and dilemmas and this mutual influence through semi-fictional characters in The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri, who find themselves between indigenous culture and home culture.

FOOD NAMES USED IN THRACIAN ACCENTS

Muharrem ÖZDEN — 2024-08-29

Studies on vocabulary give clues about people’s features, speak language, as much as that language’s features. It’s linguists' consensus that can be informed highly about nation’s lifestyle, cultural movements in society and nation’s relations with other nations by studying vocabulary of the language. For centuries, the development of the Turkish cuisine has been shaped through the geography that they have lived throughout history and the food made from the ingredients provided by this geography. The Turkish civilization, which developed in a very wide geographical area, naturally formed a large culinary culture in this way. Central Asian Turks who made a living with agriculture and ranching have formed a food culture that is often linked to animal products. In the Anatolian geography, Turks who encountered products they did not know previously created a very rich cuisine over time by using these new products, by firstly practicing some simple and then complex techniques of cooking. The foundation of today’s Turkish cuisine is the Ottoman Palace cuisine. Initially this cuisine was modest and nothing to do with a show but later it was enriched and

A HETEROTOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON THE NOVEL “ON A DAY LIKE THIS” OF PETER STAMM

Kadir ALBAYRAK — 2024-08-29

The space in which the characters are placed constitutes the basis of the literary work. Due to Switzerland’s geographical and political location, the space in Swiss literature has a different meaning. Switzerland as a land of the Alps, preserves its image of political neutrality and a warless country in the reality as well as in the literary works. In this sense, a spatial analysis of the works of swiss authors is necessary for determining the special situation of space in the Swiss literature. The space plays an important role in the works of Swiss author Peter Stamm. The author tells generally the life stories of the displaced figures in other countries in his works. Stamm’s novel “On a day like this” fits this generalization. Andreas from Switzerland, protagonist of the novel, works as a German teacher in Paris. His monotonous and lonely life away from his family is turned upside down on a health control on which he learns that he has a risk of having lung cancer. After his check, he decides to travel to Switzerland with a young girl named Delphine he met in Paris. After he spends some time there, he sets off to Paris. The novel ends on a beach called Le Grand Crohot on the Atlantic coast, where Andreas hopes to find Delphine. In this analysis of “On a day like this”, the places where Andreas lives and the different places in which he moves through during his travel will be analyzed in the context of the heterotopia concept of Foucault, which represents a different point of view of space. Besides,

THE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTS OF WOMEN MINSTRELS IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA

Serenat İSTANBULLU — 2024-08-29

Minstrels are a culture conveyors who spread and keep the lifestayles, traditions, cultural and artistical structure of Turkish people alive by reflecting them in their products and help them to be handed down to new generations. Women minstrels, the ignored representatives of this transposition for years, are folk artists who have been in this minstrel tradition but haven’t been able to come to the point they deserve place for various reasons, especially with gender inequality. Women minstrels who have found their place in this tradition to an extent from the 17th century onwards until 1970's which can be determined hadn’t been included in the written work, invited to importent cultural events and found a place solely on occasions where there are only women. The interest in women minstrels has been increasing in the recent years thanks to the influence of mass media and communication means. Musical occasions to which women minstrels are attending and their status on these accasions in terms of artistical, musicial, literal and social role are being studied in diffrent disciplines as subjects which worth to be studied. The environments that they get included in the musicological definition contains many contribution in the field. In this study, the occasions on which women minstrels living in Central Anatolia find an oppurtunity to perform, the assessment of these occasions in terms of keeping the minstrel tradition alive and the problems they face in the places where they perform have been evaluated. The data have been put forward throught interviews with woman minstrels, who have been fulfilling many aspects of this tradition, and men minstrels from Central Anatolia and these data have been supported through magazines, TV programmes, interviews and scientific studies as regard women minstrels.

THE USE OF ART AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL IN GIFTED EDUCATION AND REHABILITATION

Serdar DANIŞ — 2024-08-29

Education aims at preparing the individual for the future by creating a positive behavioural change at individual. Like educational field, art education is also a field with important objectives such as constructive, creative and critical thinking, arousal and development of skills, strong communication of the individual, consciousness-raising on self-assessment and self-knowledge. These objectives of art education are also necessary for the education and rehabilitation of gifted students who are in need of a differentiated education not provided in the normal school. Thus, art education has started to take an important place in education concept and practices. The necessity for understanding, thinking over and interpreting them has arisen as long as having the art, new understanding and values with its changing and developing structure. Accordingly, art education became crucial and played an important role in student education. In the present research, it is aimed to discuss the requirement of visual arts in the education processes of gifted persons showing different features than their peers, such as inquiring, having a tolerant, broad and free thoughts, abstract thinking, reasoning, patience, tidiness, sharp observation, assertiveness, critical decision and serviceability. In the present research performed in the form of literature review, it is seen that art education is an indispensable part of art education, that art helps the individuals in satisfying their spirit as well as revealing their creativity, provides them a value accumulation by absorbing ethical values and plays an important role in training participant persons in cultural and social de-velopment.

THE EDUCATION OF THE SELF WITH THE METHOD OF SELF-PURIFICATION IN THE QURAN

HAMZA AKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

There are two distinct characteristics of human creation. When one has a direction that leads to good and good behaviors, there is also a direction that leads to bad and negative behaviors. While it is a taqwa trying to reach people, taking every kind of good into the foreground, It is the self who orders the evil and tries to meet all the desires and desires of the human in the degree of harshness. People need to be trained so that the bad features and negative behaviors are minimized. In this direction, there is a need for the self both to be educated and to be cleaned and purified by the method of purification. In order to meet this need, the Qur'an has been educating people by putting a certain order and system in the training and training of the self and that they are working to guide them in this regard. Considering these aspects in the study, it was tried to reveal how the self was educated in the Qur'an by the method of purification. After the conceptual framework of the purification was drawn in this frame, it was expressed how the purification was realized in Qur'an and Sufi psychology. Later on, the self both the literature and the Qur'an expositions were expressed. Finally, a system of self-education in the Qur'an was revealed by the method of purification. This system has been developed in three dimensions. The first of these three dimensions is the purification with book and wisdom through the Prophets. Second, purification with the worship along with all aspects the third is the self purification through prayer is understood was performed.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE SUNNAH OF THE PROPHET: AN ETHICAL EXAMPLARY

Osman ORUÇHAN — 2024-08-29

Today, the environment is getting demolished in contrast with technological developments because of disrupted moral conceptions. In this regard, the real problem is not increase of scientific and technological developments, but it is immoral treatments of mankind on the environment. Hz. Muhammad is a perfect example in moral sense. In this article, it is aimed to determine Prophet Muhammad's relations with the environment. While we are preparing the article, we searched out the practices of the Prophet about that from classical hadiths sources. In this article, the subjects were classified according to the moral emphasis on the words and behaviors of the Prophet concerning human beings, animals, plants and inanimate beings. It appears that, he (PBUH) was foregrounded many moral virtues like rights, justice, responsibility, respect, love, altruism, compassion, sincerity, etc. during his life. According to him, animals have as much right to live nourishment and not to be persecuted as human beings. People should be responsible to them, and should love them and have mercy on them. He preferred and advocated a protective style approaching plants and inanimate objects. According to him, the whole world of being is created by God and all of them deserve love and respect. Some of the results reached in the article are in the teachings of the Prophet, all living creatures have the right to use the natural environment and must be respected to this right. There are many examples in which the prophet's words and practices about the environment can offer solutions to today's environmental problems with a moral dimension

COMPASSION AND RELIGIOSITY: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON UNIVERSTY STUDENTS

Hızır HACIKELEŞOĞLU, Saffet KARTOPU — 2024-08-29

In this research, it is expressed as the basic problem whether there is a change in the level of compassion according to the religiousness tendency of the students of the university. The sense of compassion in terms of those who define himself as religious is important as a phenomenon frequently stuck on religion. Therefore, it is important to understand and explain the reflection of the emotion of compassion on the i

APPLYING THE HUMAN FACTORS ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (HFACS) TO FATAL AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS OCCURED IN TURKISH AIRSPACE

Kadir DÖNMEZ — 2024-08-29

The most important factor in preventing aircraft accidents is to take lessons from the accidents that have already occurred. Analyzing aircraft accidents and incidents and finding out what caused the accident is the first step to avoid the next accident. In the analysis of an accident, if the cause is environmental or technical reasons, it will be easy to classify the reason for this accident. For example, engine failure, reduced visibility due to heavy fog, or turbulence can be categorized very easily. However, if the accident comes from a human-caused factor, it would be relatively difficult to classify it. Shappell and Wiegmann first developed a human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) by examining the accidents that took place in the US Navy for classification of accidents involving human factors. The human factors analysis and classification system is based on Reason's Swiss cheese model. Human factor analysis and classification system emphasizes that not only the cabin crew are the guilty of cause of the accident but also there are many factors behind the accidents that extend up to the managers. This model continues its validity today and is frequently used in the literature. In this study, these models will be explained in detail and then Human factors analysis and classification system will be applied to the most deadly accidents that have taken place in the Turkish air space. Analysıs results will be interpreted and in accordance with the analyzes, a solution proposal will be presented to prevent accidents.

THE EFFECT OF SELF-ESTEEM AND COPING STYLES ON SOCIAL ANXIETY LEVELS OF SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS’

Gülay GÜNAY, Oğuzhan ZENGİN , Ali Fuat ERSOY — 2024-08-29

Social work is a profession where human interaction is quite intense. Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia which damages human interaction in a significant level, has emerged as a problem which has the quality to hinder social work students' both educational lives and professional lives and should be solved. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of self-esteem and coping styles on social anxiety levels. Data were collected through questionnaire form which was prepared by researches. Online questionnaire form has been shared among the social platforms where the social work students were concentrated. A total of 334 social work students completed in voluntary basis the survey form that was shared on the social platform. In the study, demographic information form, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Copersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Brief COPE Inventory have been used as data collection tools. Statistically to determine independent variables effect on social anxiety, t-test, one-way variance analysis and multiple regression analysis have been used. According to the findings of the study, it has been found that there was a significant difference between gender and both social anxiety and social avoidance subscale scores of students. The relationship between only social avoidance scores of students and settlement has also been determined to be significant. At the same time, the results of the one-way variance analysis have displayed that there is a significant difference between perception of economic situation of students and social anxiety and social avoidance scores. There was no significant relationship between the time spent in university and social anxiety and social avoid scores. The prediction levels of independent variables on students’ anxiety and social avoidance scores have been checked separately. The findings indicated that behavioral disengagement, self-blame, humor and self-esteem was important predictors of social anxiety and social avoidance levels of students. In the same way, it has been found out that in addition to behavioral disengagement, self-blame and humor subscales-from handling styles, denial factor and self-respect are significant determinants of social avoidance levels of students.

AN EVALUATION ON THE ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS FOR PR EDUCATION AND IDENTIFYING FACTORS RELATING TO PROFESSION IMAGE: A SURVEY ON STUDENTS STUDYING AT PR DEPARTMENTS

Cihan BECAN, Gonca YILDIRIM — 2024-08-29

The education of public relations has started to play an important role as PR has been needed by both private and public sector. With that PR industry has been becoming widespread all around Turkey over the last two decades, it is required to discuss about the programme and content of PR education. In reference to previous years, the ever - increasing number of PR departments all across both of Istanbul and Turkey shows that it needs to be focused on basic PR education. The main of the study is to identify the attitudes of students, studying at public relations at associate and undergraduate level, about the education of PR in their own universities. While dealing the problematic of this research, the survey will be applied to 546 students studying at four universities having PR departments, on the scale of Istanbul, with the simple random sampling method through face-to-face questionnaire. This research will be studied between February 13th and March 20th, 2017. The fact that all universities in Istanbul cannot be reached is limitedness for this survey because of the fact that time and budget has been restricted. With regard to the result of the study, it is proved that ‘practical experience’ firstly comes as the basic factor among the attitude factors. Also, it is verified that there is positively relationship between attitudes of students towards PR education and types of university and programme they are studying. It also clearly shows that students largely benefit from traditional lectures, i

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT LEVELS OF EMPLOYEES AND THEIR PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE: A RESEARCH IN POLICE DEPARTMENT IN TOKAT PROVINCE

Engin KANBUR, Mustafa CANBEK , Kubilay ÖZYER — 2024-08-29

The individual have to be prepared psychologically for removing the negative behaviors that may arise in the business life, for acquiring new behaviors and for increasing the performance related to work. In this context, social support takes place in the psychological environment of the individual and is extremely important for his performance. Some studies show that there are significant changes in performance of an individual depending on whether or not the individual has a sufficient social support from the environment. Social support can be defined as the social and psychological support obtained from the environment (family, friend, special person) of the individual. Individual performance is defined as the degree to which employees reach their objectives as a result of the efforts they undertake to achieve the specified goals and the actions they demonstrate, the degree to what extent the individual achieves the specified goals and standards, and the effectiveness of the individual in performing his duties and responsibilities. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the levels of percived social support and perceived performance of employees in the police force. The sample of the research consists of 369 employees working in Police Department in Tokat Province. Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and Perceived Performance Scale were used in the research. In evaluating the data, factor, reliability, correlation and regression analysis were utilized. According to the findings, it was found that perceived social support levels of employees have a positive and significant effect on their perceived performances. Based on these findings, with its subdimensions (family, friend, special person) the positive and significant effect of social support on perceived performance of employees was determined.

BIRDHOUSES IN TOKAT'S HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

Erkan ATAK — 2024-08-29

Importance has always been attached to birds in every period of Turkish culture. During pre-Islamic periods, various meanings were attributed to birds in ritual sacrifices, the epics of creation and shamanic traditions. It is seen that bird descriptions were included in objects extracted from various castles. Along with the acceptance of Islam by Turkish people, the importance given to the birds continued incrementally, and this was also reflected in the sense of art. During Anatolian Seljuk and Beyliks period, various bird descriptions are seen on architectural works and small handicrafts. In the Ottoman period, birdhouses were added on various structures as a concrete indication of bird love. Birdhouses, which were very rarely seen in previous periods, became widespread in the Ottoman period and geography. The early examples of birdhouses emerged as simple hollows. During and after the 18th century, elegant examples began to be constructed with building-depicted facade designs. In particular, the birdhouses, the most remarkable examples of which are seen in Istanbul, the capital of the period, appear in different centers in Anatolia and the Balkans. Tokat is one of the cities where birdhouses are seen in Anatolia. In the city center, there are birdhouses in Ulu Camii (o.1678/79), Ali Paşa Camii (16.. yy), Ali Paşa Türbesi (16. yy), Ali Paşa Hamamı (16. yy), Sulu Han, Paşa Hanı (1752-53) and Zile Yeni Hamam (15-16. yy). Among the birdhouses in Tokat, the examples in Ulu Cami and Zile Yeni Hamam are remarkable with their sandstone-dressed building-depicted facades. Other examples in the city appear as a part of the

A RESEARCH ON ROLE OF MUSEUMS IN URBAN CONSERVATION: SAMPLE OF MARDİN MUSEUM

Evindar YEŞİLBAŞ — 2024-08-29

Looking at the historical development of museums, it can be observed that due to the data they obtain, they have an effective role in defining social life practices of the term and economic, political conditions and socio-cultural understanding. Museum with an educational institution's mission, at the same time it is an obligation work so as to make up an organic tie with the society to improve urban identity and memory, and awareness of protection. In the complex historical urban societies that are about to disappear it is becoming more and more noticeable that organic ties are necessary and obligatory. Urban museums are defined especially by International Committee of Collection of City Museums and Activities which is a sub-committee of ICOM as “a museum model that aims to improve and strenghten the city identity in a planned way which reflects the past, present and future of the city ”. As it can also be understood from the definition, especially city museums are dynamic institutions in terms of strenghtening the participation process of important actors (citizens) and in order to keep historical continuity going on. In this framework in our study, it will be made clear with cocrete data how Mardin Museum plays a role in projections related to future besides reflecting the past of the city. Studies done in the sense of protecting the historical urban identity with the reproduction-retransformation projects of incredients that make up of the urban planning and urban identity of Mardin Museum with an awareness to protect historical urcan area and urban identity will be discussed. In this study, first of all the history of Mardin Museum’s background will be given .In second part, some information about the studies that Mardin Museum has completed and its future projects will be mentioned. In the conclusion of study the assessment of the mentioned projects and studies will be with a critical method. Furthermore, several recommendations will be presented for the protection of urban spaces. In this study it is aimed to create a functional awareness of the role of museums in cities that have a historical identity. It is thought that by presenting the studies which Mardin Museum carried out in the urban conservation area, it will set an example for similar applications in Turkey in terms of keeping the historical incredients that make up of the city alive.

WOMEN IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISASTER AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Füsun ÇELEBİ, Hayriye ŞENGÜN — 2024-08-29

Economic development of a country depends on increase of production factors and income per capita. However, current developments can be went wrong as a result of natural disasters and can be caused serious economic and social losses. The disappearance of the resources which are created community by producing with together beside the loss of life can be trigger in economic and social crises. This situation can induce fall volume of production and slow down of economic growth due to the use of resources in different areas. All parts of the society are affected negatively by disasters, but the vulnerability of women and children to disasters are more prominent. Woman is one of the most important actors in the development of the economy of a country. Apart from i

BORDER AS A SOCIOLOGICAL PHENOMENON: THE CASE OF TURKEY-GEORGIA BORDER

Kerem ÖZBEY — 2024-08-29

The border functions as a sociological phenomenon in terms of the dimensions it has, the meanings it contains, the functions it carries, the constructions it creates, and the changes it causes. This study, which deals with the borders that symbolize the sovereignty of the modern states, treats the borders as an problematic object of sociology and reveals a sociological point of view towards the borders. This study focuses on Hopa, a border region, aiming to understand how residents of Turkey-Georgia border have a view of borders and what kind of experiences they have created through borders in everyday life. Because Hopa is the closest place to the geography in question, it is a border neighborhood in terms of Georgia, located at the crossroads of international trade routes, and is a place where it directly influences the social, economic, cultural and political changes and transformation processes taking place due to the border. In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 30 people, including 16 people living in Hopa and 14 immigrant workers migrating from Georgia to work in Hopa, within the framework of a qualitative research methodology. As a result of the field survey, it has emerged that the border is a key function in terms of social and cultural change. Based on the interviews the study identifies a significant overlap between the modern state’s understanding of the border and the approaches of the inhabitants of the border region towards borders. For those living in the border area, it is understood that the border is the motor of economic dynamism. In this context, these results show that the border is a sociological phenomenon.

SHRINKING AT THE THRESHOLD OF DEVELOPMENT: MIGRANT CITIES (THE SAMPLE OF BAYBURT’S AYDINTEPE)

Sinan YAZICI — 2024-08-29

Immigration continues to be an important agenda of our country. The process of immigration from rural to urban area has affected the cities and it has started to shrink them. This situation has led small cities in social, administrative and economic sense to lose their identities and become ineffective. The cities that get immigrants have become bigger. So it has naturally brought more expenses in social, economic, political and environmental perspective. This study benefited from qualitative research methods using deep interviev in addition to historical comparative methods on micro sample. The aim of this study to understand the reason of process that shrinks the cities. So the identity lose of small cities in our country, which has become more and more complicated, will be revealed.

GO TO BLUE OCEANS WITH WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES

Nermin KİŞİ — 2024-08-29

In today’s business world where competition is intense, sustained competitive advantage of businesses depends on their ability to think strategically and innovate. The Blue Oceans Strategy, which suggests that businesses operating in the dynamic environment in which they are constantly changing are making the competition meaningless by creating a new market instead of competing in the current market, is seen as an approach that is difficult to implement but creates added value. At the core of this strategy is a restructuring market boundary, focusing on the big picture, reaching beyond existing demand, making the right strategic alignment, overcoming organizational barriers and structuring the strategy. The Blue Ocean Strategy, seen as a new roadmap for winning tomorrow in business, considers differentiation and low cost simultaneously. The blue ocean means the untapped market space, demand creation and high profitable growth opportunities. Companies must open the blue ocean by thinking multifaceted instead of drowning in the red oceans where competition is intense, to not miss out on profit and growth opportunities. In this research, wearable technologies, defined as the combination of technology with clothes or accessories, will be evaluated within the context of the Blue Ocean Strategy. Examples of wearable technologies that can be used in different sectors such as health, education, sports, textiles, entertainment include smart watches, smart wristbands, smart clothes, smart glasses and implants. Entrepreneurs investing in this area can go to the undiscovered profitable sectors with the smart devices that they have developed with the anticipation of new technology. The results are expected to shed light on researchers in strategic management, innovation and marketing.

APPLICATION OF NEW POWER EQUATION IN ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL EVENTS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Uğur TATLISUMAK — 2024-08-29

Scarcity of analyst and comparative history studies is striking in today's scientific work. On the other hand, it seems that the history of information salesmanship has become increasingly prominent and widespread. It is certain that new frameworks and perspectives are needed to come out of this narrow framework, to develop our understanding of history, and to facilitate the solution of social problems. For this purpose, we put it on the table the feasibility of applying the "new power equation" which we tried to develop in the study of history and in the solution of social events. Of course, we do not invent the "power equation" for the first time. It is also possible to see the power equation formulated in various formulas from other sources. However, the epistemology and knowledge patronage that we have presented are ignored in these power equations. However, a power equation based on epistemology and knowledge patronage is a development formula and strategic mind that our country needs for centuries. This equation will not only develop a new perspective, but it will also reveal how much the Islamic societies still misunderstand modernity in the past and the present. In the power equations having been applied so far, the ignorance of epistemology and the patronage of knowledge have caused the implementation of wrong development methods and the adoption of wrong strategies. From another angle, are the wrong power equations, an idea having been thrown into our minds and a perception management for centuries by the colonial powers? In the history, with the change of power and definition of power, although the elements of the power equation have changed, the uptrend of knowledge and nations that valued it has never changed. This study aims to to shed light on the failures of Ottoman modernization with this equation and to give a kind of equalization projector function. Also with the help of this equation, the deficiencies and failures of Ottoman modernization in the face of Japanese and Russian modernization will be tried to be explained briefly in terms of knowledge patronage. It is worth mentioning that this formula is not entirely a claim in solving matter of development and an absolute understanding of the power systems. Along with all the missing, It is an improvable formula. The power equation will provide a systematic and analytical look at history and events.

THE EFFECT OF TOURISTIC DEMAND UPON CULTURAL HERITAGE VIA THE LOCAL PEOPLE’S PERSPECTIVE

Burcu Gülsevil BELBER, Gülhan SÖZBİLEN — 2024-08-29

Göreme National Park and Rocky Areas of Cappadocia which are located in UNESCO World Heritage List, being a touristic region attracting many visitors, cause to increase of pressure stemming from tourism and to affect cultural heritage elements. If local people think that the positive sides of touristic effects are more than the negative sides of touristic effects, the possibility of contribution to tourism would increase. Thereby in this study, the local people’s perspectives about the impact of demand for tourism in Cappadocia upon cultural heritage elements have been investigated. Data have been collected by performing face-to-face questionnaire technique. For determination of local people’s perspectives about “the impact of tourism demand upon cultural heritage”, the average of 18 expressions with Likert Scale have been taken. The local people’s perspectives have been determined to vary based on demographic factors (age, educational status, profession and residence) by ANOVA analysis. Also with frequency; it has been understood that the specific features of Nevşehir have been considered as fairy chimneys-natural landscape, ballooning, the pottery workshop activities and hiking in the valley; the local people’s perception intended to level of serving to visitors’ capacity of touristic region has been understood as “sufficient enough”; local people’s perception intended to level of touristic demand ratio to manufactured touristic product in this region has been understood as “demanded sufficient quantity”. When the local people's perceptions are examined about the effect of touristic demand to the elements of cultural heritage of Nevşehir, it can be said that they have the perception that the touristic demand has a negative effect on some aspects to the cultural heritage and a positive effect on some aspects. Therefore, it is thought that it would be beneficial to increase the activities that they think have a positive effect to the cultural heritage and to rearrange the activities that they think have a negative effect to the cultural heritage.

ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TERMS OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS: BATMAN UNIVERSITY VOCATIONAL COLLEGE RESEARCH

Ali Kemal CEYLAN — 2024-08-29

From the emergence of industrial society to the today’s modern economic system, entrepreneurship has fulfilled an extremely important role. In today's socio-economic structure, which is conceptualized as information society, the importance of entrepreneur has increased even more. Enhancing and improving entrepreneurship, which is quite important for a country and society, has been one of the primary social purposes in recent years. It is a very important issue to investigate entrepreneurship in a multidimensional approach because of the crucial functions it perform within the economic system. The aim of this study is to measure the entrepreneurial skills of university students with high potential. For this purpose, by using simple random sampling method, a survey was conducted with among 393 students selected from Batman University Vocational College. In the questionnaire, the entrepreneurship scale composed of 36 items was used for the university students, which was developed by Yilmaz and Sünbül (2009). There were also 21 questions about the demographic characteristics of the students in the questionnaire. SPSS 17 program was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the research. In the reliability analysis of Yılmaz’s and Sünbül’s entrepreneurship scale, Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was found to be 0.90, which is quite high. As a result of the survey, the results obtained from the research revealed that the entrepreneurial skills of the university students were also high. This result is in general compatible with the results of the existing research literature. As a result of the research, the entrepreneurship of the students was tested by comparing with the demographic variables. T-Test and ANOVA analysis, which are parametric tests, were applied to the obtained data. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that universities should improve the quality of entrepreneurship education and more focus should be given to enhance entrepreneurial skills of university students with high entrepreneurial potential.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERSONALITY ON THE EFFECT OF THE PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL CRONYISM ON EMPLOYEE SILENCE

Alper GÜRER, Nevin DENİZ — 2024-08-29

Maintaining competitive advantage has become more important in accordance with changing environmental conditions today. Under these conditions, it is seen as an indispensable resource to share employees' feelings, thoughts and creative ideas about the organization. Struggling for investigating and removing the effects that cause the employees to remain silent has become a neccessity. In this work developed in this context, the effect of perceived organizational cronyism of employees on employee silence and the moderating role of personality on this relationship has been examined. At the same time, the study is designed to be able to analyse organizational cronyism and employee silence in public and private sectors comparatively. When the research is conducted, by being selected public sector and private sector employees, it is tried to show that how organizational cronyism and employee silence differ between the two sectors. The data, which is obtained as a result of the survey conducted with 700 people working in the public and private sector, has been tested in direction of established hypotheses. Linear regression is used to test the direct effects between the variables in the model, and structural equation model is used to test the moderating effects. According to research findings, it was found that the perceived organizational cronyism sub-dimensions have positive and negative effects on the employee silence sub-dimensions. It has been observed that type A and type B personality play a partly regulatory role in the effect of perceived organizational cronyism on employee silence behavior. Another finding of the research is that organizational cronyism and employee silence level of private sector employees are higher that those of public sector employees.

MINERALS IN LESBOS (MYTLENE) ISLAND IN THE 16TH CENTURY ACCORDING TO OTTOMAN DOCUMENTS

Ayhan AFŞIN ÜNAL — 2024-08-29

The aim of this work is to reveal where and how the important mines of the period, including the islands in the Ottoman Empire's territories in the 16th century, were excavated and how the operating order of these mines operated, based on the Ottoman documents, in particular Lesbos island. Salt was a food material that was consumed directly by the population and animals living in the Ottoman Empire, with the use of it in the preservation of olive, some dairy products, vegetables and fruits, and it was all about the people. Due to its preservative and flavor properties, its usage area is very rich. In addition to protecting food, the salt obtained throughout human history was used to heal wounds, disinfect waters and add flavor to food. It has been observed throughout history that the salt used in the acquisition of certain chemical substances, as well as in humans and other living things, has a very high commercial potential. It was used in dark black color, a sticky material that was hard when cold, semi-liquid when heated and was used to seal joints of boats and protect the board against moisture. Other than bitumen, tar, which is a sticky liquid produced from pine trees and coal, was driven to the spines and submerged parts of the ships. These three important items were extracted from the mines on the island of Lesbos in the 16th century Ottoman administration.

FROM 1923 TO PRESENT A COMPARATIVE ANALYSISTOWARDS EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY THROUGH FORMATIONS OF MINISTER OF NATIONAL EDUCATION MINISTER OF HEALTH AND CHANCELLOR OF JUSTICE

Berrin BAYBURT — 2024-08-29

As a consequence of having social state understanding, one of the most crucial servicing provided by governments to their citizens is education. Education has a critical part in terms of raising human capital that society needs. Thus putting emphasis on education and investings in education have crucial importance for country’s development and country’s future. At the present day and in the future, the methode to become developed country in terms of science and technology realms is to invest in education. Revolutions in this realm that actualised right after winning the Turkish War of Indepence, has demonstrated that there is a awareness about education’s importance on development of the country even in the first years of Republic of Turkey. Educational servicings in Turkey are conducted by National Ecucation Ministery (Milli Eiğitim Bakanlığı, i.e. MEB). From 1923 the year The Republic of Turkey is declared to present, 74 Minister of National Education have carried out a duty (Actually some ministers were taken as a minister over again. Therefore in this study, figures of ministers are accepted as 62). Only two ministers who conducted Ministry of National Education are graduated from higher education board that training teacher. With the intent of comparison in article professional formations of ministers who take up positions of Ministery of Health and Ministery of Justice, have been considered, too. Approximately 87% of ministers who take up positions of Ministery of Justice are graduated from a higher education boards that provide legal education, in a smilar vein 80% of ministers who take up positions of Ministery of Health are graduated from higher education board that provides legal education. From this point of view, the question that “by year of 2016, What do the extent of teachers who are practitioners for educational servicings in Management of National Education which employs 35.83% of total public officers and the number of 16.379.852 students utilise their educational servicings?” is starting point for this Article.

TURKISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS WITHIN THE TRIANGLE OF MISSIONARY WORK, COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES, AND COMMUNISM IN INTERWAR PERIOD

Hakan GÜNGÖR — 2024-08-29

Turkish-American relations were built on a similar democratic ideology. While democracy brought the United States and Turkey closer in the early 1920s and thereafter, the attitude of Turkish government against Communism during the First Red Scare in the U.S. assured Americans that Turkey was a trustworthy ally because it shared common democratic values. Although the abolition of Sultanate and caliphate and declaration of a republican form of government determined the democratic direction of the Turkish nation, the Turkish government’s position against communism between 1920 and 1938, which US officials closely watched and reported to the White House, established long lasting friendly relations between the United States and Turkey. This bilateral relationship reached its peak during the Second World War and the Cold War. While historians' works about early US-Turkish relations largely revolves around missionary activities and to some extent economic and financial interactions, the US archival dossiers and documents reveal the importance of the Turkish government’s attitudes against communism in this friendly relationship. Therefore, this study looks at Turkish-American relations within the triangle of missionary work, commercial activities, and communism between 1920 and 1938.

AN INVENTORY STUDY ON THE CATEGORIZATION AND TYPES OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Taki Can Metin, Hakan KATIRCI , Arif YÜCE , Sibel SARIÇAM , Alper ÇABUK — 2024-08-29

There are many different sources of what recreational activities are and how they should be categorized. The study of Leitner and Leitner (2004) is the most comprehensive of these studies. However, many recreational activities known even in the study have not been mentioned. There are also some problems with the categorization of recreational activities in the study of Leitner and Leitner. There are many reasons why there is no comprehensive study of recreational activities. There is no comprehensive recreational activity inventory that could be a source for many studies due to the large number of recreational activities, the different activities according to the regions, the inaudibility of the activities, and the inconsistencies in the categorization of activities by researchers. This study was carried out with a motivation for recreational activity types and the categorization of these activities. The purpose of the study is to create an inventory list that can serve as a base for the work related to the recreation. In this context, recreational activity types have benefited from secondary data. Expert opinion has been applied to the categorization of recreational activities. As a result, different recreational activity categories were created and an inventory of recreational activity types was revealed. It is thought that this inventory will contribute to all the studies related to recreation. In addition, this study will be able to evaluate the activities that are unknown in terms of practitioners and planners as a recreation opportunity and in parallel with this, it will be possible to integrate new recreation opportunities in the existing plans as well as finding space in practice.

LOCALITY PERCEPTION OF WOMEN FOR SQUATTER AND APARTMENT: THE CASE OF ANKARA AKŞEMSETTIN NEIGHBORHOOD

Elif ERTEM — 2024-08-29

Akşemsettin neighborhood that is exposed to urban transformation and gecekondu-apartment experiences and perception of women living in this transformation area are examined in the study. Squatters (gecekondu) are transformed to apartment buildings through urban transformation project. Even though project in neighborhood has been finished, there are still limited areas where gecekondu and apartments can be found together. This study is conducted survey with different age house women-no regular income work- lived in gecekondu before the project and now living in apartments and conducted survey with women still living in gecekondu. The study conducted in May-July 2016 in Akşemsettin neighborhood, in the line of Ankara, Ege Neighborhood and it is conducted survey with 360 women. In the context of experience of women life in gecekondu and apartment, starting from how this transformation affects the practice and experience of womanhood, the study aims to investigate urban transformation, experience, and perception of women. How urban transformation prospect differentiation on spatiality of the house through the women’s practice and experience of their family, friendships, fellowships and their relationships with children and education of children. Gecekondu and apartments are not only physically different area; they give references to social relationships and social production area. From that point, the study taking from gecekondu and apartment neighborhood on the comparison of gecekondu and apartment through the analyses of survey via SPSS program investigate experience and perception of women and gecekondu and apartment neighborhood in district and so, the study tries to contribute the literature of urban transformation from the discourse of women.

PARADOX OF TOLERATION

Fikret YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

Toleration, which allows people to live together despite their differences, has paradoxes in itself. The concept of toleration is primarily a guide on how I should behave towards being not like me. It is clear that people are different; toleration preliminary accepts me and the other’s difference. Besides, the concept of toleration is an improved attitude towards intoleration. The emergence of the concept of tolerance is to get rid of the negative effects of toleration. However, it is noticed that toleration can not bring about the positive effects that it wants to reveal due to the intoleration which is the opposite of toleration within the process. The effects of the paradoxical structure can be seen here. In connection with any situation or situation, a person will tolerate a situation different from his or her own values or acceptance. In this case, the person will be able to make it worthless to himself or to move away from the life he / she accepts. As a result of tolerated subjects, there may not be a topic to be tolerated. Because, If the person, the group, the society, moving away from their own selves, they can accept what they have tolerated as their own truth. In addition to this, the question, “is there a limit to what I will tolerate” is on the agenda. Can intoleration be tolerated? Should I tolerate a crime committed against humanity, a nation, society, community? Toleration to intoleration will bring about disappearance of toleration. In this case it is unclear what will determine differance between toleration and intoleration. If I do not tolerate what is intolerant, the things that make me different from will come off spontaneously. Likewise, if I show toleration to intoleration, a structure will be formed against my loss and even toleration. In this case, I will have to set a limit on what I will tolerate. The paradoxical structure of the concept of tolerance still appears. Is it possible to determine this limit? Or how will the content of the border be determined? Is it always possible to keep the border the same? It is understood that it is very difficult to determine what this boundary is. First of all, it can be very difficult if the accepted limit applies to everyone. The culture, beliefs, philosophical views people belong to, the power relations they are in will be decisive about what the boundary should be. Furthermore, if a boundary is accepted and this boundary is not tight enough to prevent harm from social values, then the characteristics determine the quality of the society will be removed and there will be no situation where Intoleration will be shown. The values that sould be tolerated will become dominant values, in a sense, intoleration will be out of toleration. If this limit is rather limited and tight, the possibility of doing a tolerant behavior will be greatly reduced. Besides, is toleration an expression of superiority? The person who will show toleration has a more effective power than tolerated. Toleration appears to be a principle in determining the dominance / power relation in this sense. If toleration is determined according to dominance / power relation, the limit of it can be determined in relation to the interests of the stronger one. To see tolerated as weak, it may also bring to the agenda that it is defective, imperfect or faulty. Tolerance can then lead to intoleration. Ernesto Laclau (1935-2014) states that tolerantion is undecidability. Evaluating the concept of toleration in relation to intoleration, Laclau refers to the paradoxical nature of this concept. In this presentation, based on the paradoxical situations involved in toleration and the views of Ernosto Laclau and Habermas, an inquiry will be made on what the toleration is and is not.

THE CHANGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE BY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Hüsna DOĞAN — 2024-08-29

Organizational justice includes the perceived justice of all reciprocal changes that occur socially or economically within the organization and the involvement of those who work with managers, colleagues, and organizations. The notion of organizational justice has three separate dimensions. These dimensions consist of distributional justice, procedural justice and interactional justice. Distributional justice refers to the justice perception of the workers related to the distribution of rewards, punishments and promotions and it is accepted as the key setout of justice in organizations. Procedural justice may be expressed as the degree of justice of procedures and policies accepted in the determination and measurement of the factors such as wage, promotion, working conditions and performance evaluation.And interactional justice indicates the degree of justice in the behavior and attitudes of managers during the process of procuring acceptance of the workers for the procedures and the implementation of such. There is a general idea in the past researches about the existence of an association between the demographic characteristics of employees and the perceptions of organizational justice.The aim of this study is to determine whether the employees in the operating factories in Afyonkarahisar have changed according to the demographic characteristics of organizational justice. With this purpose in mind, a questionnaire was implemented on 254 people working in five star thermal hotels in Afyonkarahisar. Correlation, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test methods were utilized in empirical analyses. The findings of analysis suggested organizational justice perception was observed to be varying depending on the demographic variables such as age, gender, education level, the department one works for in the organization, the title of the job, duration of the work, experience etc.