https://jasstudies.com/?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=603 The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies en 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28495 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28495 Aslı UZ BAŞ Since counseling is a profession that involves interpersonal relationship between counselor and client, counselors need to have certain personal qualities. Personal qualities of effective counselors include psychological health, personal awareness, mindfulness, trustworthiness, competence, open-mindedness and interpersonal communication skills and so on. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate psychological well-being, resilience and communication skills of undergraduate students who attend guidance and counseling program and different programs. The participants consisted of 299 (204 girls and 95 boys) undergraduate students who attend third year and fourth year. In study Psychological Well-Being Scale, Resilience Scale and Communication Skills Scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by independent samples t-test analysis. Results revealed that there are significant differences between the average psychological well-being scores, resilience scores and communication skills scores of guidance and counseling students and those students who attend different programs. Guidance and counseling students scored significantly higher than those students who attend different programs on psychological well-being and resilience total scores. Similarly, guidance and counseling students scored significantly higher than the other students on communication skills total scores and sucscale scores. Findings were discussed in terms of counselor training literature. In the light of research findings, recommendations were presented to practitioners and researchers. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28709 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28709 Bahar GÜDEK, Seden KONUKSEVER The objective of this study is to reveal whether the descriptive verbal expression of the university students intended for the Western or Turkish music may or may not change according to the variables as having professional music education and their genders. Study group consists of 260 students attending the different divisions of the 19 May University. In this study, 18 sampling performances inclusive for the different periods and also the music genres designated as data collection tool. Those music genres (each of them) get this study group listened for 30 seconds and then they are required to choose one of the 10 descriptive adjectives determined in the list of Kate Hevner’s (1936) descriptive adjectives for music matches their descriptive verbal expression coming forefront due to those selected music genres. It is the fact that outcomes obtained indicate there is not any diffirentiation in descriptive verbal expression of the students intended for the Western and Turkish Music genres whether they have or they do not have professional music education and their genders. However, at the end it is determined that the students having music education have chose the same adjective in 13 music sampling at a higher percentage then the students do not have, on the contrary students do not have professional music education have chose the same adjective in 5 music sampling at a higher percentage then the students have. In another saying, in terms of having a more collective perceptions and emotions, using descriptive verbal expression with more similarity is observed as the students having music education carry out then the others when they listen to chosen musical titles from Western and Turkish ones. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=30158 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=30158 "Words also establish connections with other concepts and imaginations, which relay concerned concepts. It is possible to see this in many areas of concept, especially in multi-meanings.While, when they are used alone, the words carry different meanings, but they enhance their areas of concept with new meanings when they establish combinations. The words which denote the same concept area show some differences from one dialect to another in respect to the area of concept. In the dictionaries of Uyghur and Uzbek Turkish, which take place in the South east Turkish dialects, the word “alla”, which comes before a noun an interrogative pronouns, constitute words in new meanings and broaden the conceptual area. In Hazirki Zaman Uygur Tilini? izahliq lugiti (1990), which is the most comprehensive dictionary of New Uyghur Turkish, three headwords are given and made explanations related to the word “alla”. 1. Allah, the God, the creator; 2. lullaby; 3. a. interjection meaning surprise b. It constitutes indefinite interrogative question by being added to interrogative questions. In Özbekçe-Türkçe ve Türkçe-Özbekçe İzahlı Lugat (1997), there is one headword for the word alla. It only means lullaby. In Uzbek Turkish Olla(x) is in the form of divine power, the God (ÖTİL I: 533). However, in both Uyghur and Uzbek Turkish dictionaries, there are matters produced from the word alla. Allikim ‘some one’; allineçe, alliqaçan ‘long before’; alliqandaq ‘how’; alliqançe ‘a lot of’; alliqandaqtur ‘ anyhow’; alliqaysi etc.(İL I: 171); allavaqt ‘ late in the evening, untimely’; allakim ‘somebody’; allamaxal ‘geç’; allaneçük ‘unknown’; allaqandaq ‘an undistinguished’ etc.(ÖTL:17). In our study, we have examined the concept area of alla, which comes before a noun or pronoun in Uyghur and Uzbek Turkish and establishes concepts." 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28634 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28634 Gülşah GEREZ CANTİMER, Sare ŞENGÜL Integers are one of the concepts that form the basis of many subjects in the teaching of mathematics, which form the basis of many sets of numbers and which can find application areas in everday life. It’s envisaged that the research of the concept images of the students will contribute to the learning process of the integers. The fact that students understand from the concept of integer can be determined by their own perspectives, which can make it possible to correct the deficiencies of the learners by making more valid determinations. For this reason the aim of the study is to evaluate the concept images of the student’s eye for the integers. So the study was organised using case studies from qualitative research methods. The participants of the study are 27 students in the 7th grade who are studying at a public school in Sakarya in the academic year of 2015-2016. The data have obtained “The Concept of Integers Test” (CIT) that is prepared by researchers and has seven open-ended questions for determining students’ the concept images toward the integers. Students’ responses are examined with details and are analysed with descriptive analysis. According to the research’s findings; it is found that the majority of students have not enviable level in making sense of the concept of integers. Also, it is found that students have not enough level toward the integers images, because of the difficulties in the divison and the multiplication operations in terms of themselves. Therefore, it is observed that students have a lot of mistakes in doing operations with integers. This situation may cause occuring misconceptions of students and may cause the diffuculties in learning this concepts. Instead of memorized the definition of integers to students and doing operations mainly, it may be arranged learning environments that is caused the concept definitions to become closer to the concept images. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28719 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28719 Ayşe Derya ESKİMEN The aim of this research is to examine the value of the Turkish Language and Literature Teaching Program of 2018, and the place of values in the program and textbooks. Research is a qualitative study in the screening model. The data related to the survey was collected by means of a document review. In this context, the new Turkish Language and Literature Program and the 9th and 10th grade Turkish Language and Literature textbooks related to this program were examined. The texts in the textbooks were handled without any kind of discrimination. Determination of the values of the textbooks examined was carried out with the value examination form consisting of the values included in the curriculum of Turkish Language and Literature in 2018. These values are justice, friendship, honesty, self-control, patience, respect, love, responsibility, patriotism and charity. In the data obtained, it was determined that the most emphasized values in the books are love, responsibility and patriotism respectively. The least emphasized values are justice and patience. Other values which are not included in the value review form; but found in the texts are Atatürk, peace and tolerance. Conclusions and evaluations were made in the direction of the findings obtained in the study and suggestions were presented. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28763 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28763 Ayşegül TURAL Emile work which is important because of reflecting educational views of Rousseau is considered to be one of the main works in education environment. In this research, it is aimed to examine how frequently and in which way core values which are emphasized in the Social Studies Curriculum are included in Emile. Emile which is prepared by Akagündüz (2015) was utilized to collect data during study process. This research in which Emile is used as a data collection tool within the data collection process of study and data is collected via document review from work is a descriptive study. In data analysis related to study, document analysis technique which is one of the qualitative research methods is used. According to obtained results from research, all the values except the solidarity and aesthetic values within scope of Social Studies Curriculum are found in Emile. While mostly freedom, importance of family unity and love values are seen in work, it is understood that the values of saving and solidarity are repeated at least. From the obtained results by analysis of obtained data from study over educational perspective, it is seen that Rousseau’s Emile is an important source. The fact that the values within the scope of the Social Studies Program are mostly included in the Emile and that reveals the importance of work in terms of both given messages regarding education and values education. The fact that the values required for individual and social development and progress are frequently emphasized in work and it indicates that this work is an alternative auxiliary resource that can be utilized within the scope of education. In this respect, it is believed to importance of work towards results. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28640 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28640 Ebru EZBERCİ ÇEVİK, Bircan ÜNLÜ , Mehmet Altan KURNAZ The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between emotional intelligence and learning approaches of prospective classroom teachers. In accordance with this purpose “Is there a significant relationship between research conducted as part of the prospective classroom teachers’ emotional intelligence and learning approaches and genders?, Is there a significant relationship between research conducted as part of the prospective classroom teachers’ emotional intelligence and learning approaches and class level?, Is there a significant relationship between research conducted as part of the prospective classroom teachers’ emotional intelligence and learning approaches?, Is there a significant relationship between research conducted as part of the prospective classroom teachers’ emotional intelligence’s sub-dimensions and learning approaches?” were sought answers to the questions. A survey research methodology was employed in the current study. The working group consists a total of 416 prospective classroom teachers who were studying in different class level at a university in the Western Black Sea region in the fall semester 2015-2016 academic years. Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and Learning Approaches Scale were used for the data collection tool. SPSS 17 was used to analyze data. Important findings which was obtained from the study: (1) emotional intelligence scores has changed according to gender in a significant effect, (2) emotional intelligence scores has changed according to class level in a significant effect, (3) learning approach scores has changed according to gender in a significant effect, (4) learning approach scores has not changed according to class level in a significant effect, (5) significant positive relationship between the total mean score of emotional intelligence and optimism factor and the total mean score of learning approach was observed. Different researches can be done on the relationship between emotional intelligence learning approach based on the independent variables, such as learning program, liking of program. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28623 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28623 Seda BAYSAL, Sıddık DOĞRULUK , Yalçın MUTLUAY , Ayşe Rabia BAŞARAN UĞUR Various factors such as motivation, class atmosphere, teachers play a significant role in shaping students’ foreign language anxiety levels. It is probable that anxiety-free education will lead to a more effective and efficient learning process. On this subject, the present study has examined a great number of studies that examine students’ anxiety levels, yet no study has been conducted with vocational high school students. Thus, this research aims to determine vocational high school students’ anxiety levels concerning foreign language learning depending upon various demographic variables. This research used mixed method in which both qualitative and quantitative data are used. The research group consisted of 197 second year university students who are enrolled in different departments at one of Turkey’s state universities. As for the qualitative phase of the study, the research holds a total of 22 students who were selected by a typical case sampling. The research has employed “Personal Information Form”, “Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS)” for the quantitative phase, and semi-structured interview form for the qualitative phase of the study. The study’s research analysis utilized descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, Tukey significance test and independent samples t-test for quantitative data, while descriptive analysis for qualitative data. The current study found that vocational high school students’ foreign language anxiety levels differ significantly depending on their high school type and 1st year English grade point average, whereas no significant different has been noted in term of their gender and department. Upon analyzing students’ views on foreign language courses and their anxiety levels, they mostly have higher levels of anxiety during English courses. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28682 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28682 Turan KAÇAR, Feyzullah EZER In our country, the Ministry of National Education is implementing curriculums at all levels from primary education to secondary education. In the 2005-2006 academic year, curriculums have been implemented in pilot schools in certain countries of our country, adopting a constructivist learning approach. Following the feedback from these schools, the curriculums determined in the 2006-2007 academic year began to be implemented gradually in all schools. The 6th grade Social Studies Curriculum (SSC) is also one of these programs. The aim of this study is to determine the level of the learning outcomes which constitute an important pillar of the 6th grade SSC within the framework of the views of social studies teachers. This research was conducted in order to determine the opinions of the social studies teachers about the achievement level of the learning outcomes of the 6th grade social studies course in the screening model and conducted in the form of questionnaire from quantitative research methods. In this model, the opinions and suggestions of the teachers of social studies working in primary schools in Diyarbakır province are presented. The target population of the study consists of 230 social studies teachers working in primary schools in the Diyarbakır provincial center of the Diyarbakır Provincial Directorate of National Education in 2007-2008 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 155 social studies teachers working in primary schools in the province center of Diyarbakır in 2007-2008 academic year. Sampling was chosen by random sampling. As a means of collecting data in the survey, the learning outcomes determined by the Ministry of National Education in the 6th grade social studies course in 2006-2007 were arranged according to the quintile likert type rating key. The data collection tool consists of three parts; the first part contains of the personal information of the participants, the second part is the 42-item questionnaire about the level of learning outcomes of the 6th grade SSC and the last part is the questionnaire consist of opinions that can contribute to the research. Validity and reliability calculations of the data obtained from the 155 questionnaire forms evaluated with SPSS 11 statistical program were made and analyzed with frequency and percentage mean techniques. According to findings; When the level of all the learning outcomes in the 6th grade SSC is examined, the teachers of social studies have made 32 out of 42 learning outcomes at medium level and 10 at very good level. The low level of learning outcomes can’t be considered as a positive situation in the 6th grade SSC. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28693 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28693 Kamile ÇETİN When the relation between the art in general, the literature in private and the state is taken into consideration, the six-century period when the Ottoman State appeared in history is a period in which the Ottoman Literature ,the longest-termed period of Turkish Literature, developed. A lot of poet and author appeared within a ruled wide geography during the period of the lifterary tradition in question. Several centers are especially remarkable in terms of literary personalities in number and accordingly literary works. Within this context, Diyarbakır is a place that have come into prominence with its two hundred Diwan poets that grew in Ottoman period. When Diyarbakır and Ottoman Literature are mentioned, some poets or authors come to mind firstly. One of these names is Ali Emiri Efendi of Diyarbakır, who is known with his interest in collecting books, donated his complete collection of books and founded Millet Library, found and introduced Mahmud al-Kasgari’s Diwan Lughat al-Turk (Compendium of Languages of the Turks), a significant book in terms of Turkish language culture and history, to science world. Besides beforementioned features and a lot of books, Ali Emiri Efendi had a Diwan in which he collected his poems. In our paper, we will emphasize what type of a poet’s portrait Ali Emiri Efendi fictionalized before starting the compliment in the opening sections (nasibs) of some qasidas. So, within the context of qasida nasibs of Ali Emiri Efendi, who devoted his life to books and science, we will try to find clues about the inner world of an artist in Ottoman Literature in which the books were written within the rules much as some breakings appeared in the century when the poet lived. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28706 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28706 Osman ASLANOĞLU Parvin E'tesami who is the one of greatest woman of Iran Literature, because of her father’s being a litterateur, has met with litterateurs and literature at young age. Although being a contemporary poet she has imitated the classic Persian poets as style and form and she has followed their literary way. She has written comprehensible and euphonic poems by using a very clear language. She has used symbols with her clear lanugage and has given deep messages with her different point of view.In her poems, she has mentioned not only human values and subjects such as wisdom, morals and education, but also the problems generally encountered in social life and in that period in Iran. Therefore Parvin is a poet who has brought together both classic and contemporary features in her poems. Although she has died at her young age, she has left a precious classical ottoman poetry/divan in her back. She has had the name of contemporary Persian poem’s queen with her different and pretty style. With this study, it will be able to study focus on both personal and literary sides of poet. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28737 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28737 Zennube ŞAHİN YILMAZ Wolfgang Hildesheimer is the son of Jewish parents, is a well-known German writer not only in German literature but also in world literature. He has written many novels, stories and draman with his Jewish identity. He is in the confrontation with his past in his works. His restless life in Germany and the relationship between his past and his attitude to life shape his works. The language or forms of expression of his work are always in the foreground. Hildesheimer always uses narrative stylistic devices such as humor, satire and irony in his works. In this short story also 'The End of a World' falls on the satire. A sinking of a building on the artificial island symbolizes the demise of humanity and the value system in the short story. Hildesheimer criticizes here the illusory world of humanity. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28648 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28648 Özlem KALE Cinema has been influenced by literature since its first appearance. Many novels and stories from Turkish and world literature have been adapted to cinemas for various reasons. The aim of the article titled "The Interaction of Two Art Language and the Shadowless's" is to determine the partnership and differences in the languages of literature and cinema, which are two separate arts branch but always interacting with each other. In this context, it is necessary to determine whether or not it is possible for the author to express what he / she is saying words visually in all circumstances. In the light of these findings and information, by using the opinions of literary and cinematographers, a conclusion will be reached that the fictional expression languages of literary and visual products are different. After this determination, the similarities and differences will be determined about the fictional narrations of Hasan Ali Toptaş's Gölgesizler novel adapted to the cinema with the same name. It will be looked at whether the postmodernist techniques such as the upper fiction, intertextuality used in the novel, finds out a response in the film, if yes, how it responds. After the adaptations were made three categorizations as that the work is completely loyal to novel, that the work has been completely changed and that the work is directed by cinematographical viewpoint without any contradiction to the world of the author, it will be defended that the adaptations that made by directors who has original worlds, are more successful. It is discussed how it is possible to describe symbolic stories that are important literary values and need to carefully read and interpret by reader, with the cinema art that perceived thirty percent at the first glance. Through the Gölgesizler adaptation, the answer will be searched to question that "Why am I watching the adapted movie while there is an original novel?" 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28690 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28690 Özlem ULUCAN, Ahmet KAYINTU The tragic death of the stowing away refugees minimizes them to usual announcements and little is known about the survivor refugees whose mere possessions are their memories. Little Bee, the protagonist of Chris Cleave in Little Bee, is one of these survivors trying to conceptualize her position between her past in Nigeria and her present in England. As a little kid, Little Bee is obliged to leave her hometown seized by an oil company. The family members and the villagers are killed by the company employees except her sister. To save their life, two sisters escape but the employees chase them and kill Little Bee’s sister as well. In response, Little Bee stows away on a cargo ship to Britain and is sent to immigrant detention center upon arriving. As a refugee, her search for identity and memory of homeland leading the transcultural construction of identity invite direct relation of Little Bee and discourses of postcolonial theorists; Frantz Fanon, Edward Said and Homi K. Bhabha. This paper, therefore, aims to present a comparative reading of Little Bee and the discourses of abovementioned theorists and question the postcolonial position of Little Bee in the construction of identity. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28667 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28667 Fikret GÜVEN All around the world, various groups resort to acts of violence against civilians to foster fear and suspicion. Governments take advantage of the tragedy to convince citizens to generate public support for their purposes. As such, in the post - September world the media has become the biggest handicap to achieve peace and dialogue because it vigorously fuels the conflict between the West and Islam. Since the media is at the heart of this issue, it is critical to reflect on how the media may be inadvertently contributing to perpetuation of conflicts. This study analyzes the Western media’s coverage of Terrorism since September 11 attacks. The news coverage of recent terrorist events reveals a double - standard and a thematic pattern of terrorism coverage. Media portrays Muslims as working together in organized terrorist cells against a ‘‘Christian West’’ while local terrorism is casted as a minor threat that occurs in isolated incidents by troubled individuals. Thus, understanding how terrorism is presented in media can help to realize how a pattern of media coverage develops, increasing fear and supporting the ‘‘clash of civilizations,’’ which ultimately affects international relations and public policy. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28720 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28720 Betül AYTEPE SERİNSU Laser is being commonly used in health, graphic, advertising sectors and several other fields of industry nowadays. It is also eligible for experimental practices in arts. That, laser is applied in very sensitive operations like eye surgeries, brings it to mind that it can also be used while making very fragile art works. With the laser engraving method, successful effects are being obtained through several recent practices. In previous researches, the laser engraving method has been applied on ceramic bodies and as a result, successful effects have been obtained as ceramic is a material which is, suitable to engrave. In this research, digitally designed patterns have been engraved on bisque fired ceramic bodies by applying glaze, pigment colours, oxides, engobes and the results have been discussed following the glaze firing. The resulting effects show that, sinterization occurred on the surfaces that were exposed to high temperatures through laser beam and to a large extent the patterns have been successfully copied on the surfaces. This research contains the application of a digitally designed pattern on a glazed or unglazed ceramic surface and an experimental application process. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28684 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28684 Gökçen Şahmaran CAN The concept of violence is defined in dictionaries as the use of brute strength to those that are on the opposing position or opinion, vehemence, doing something against one’s will or making someone do something against their will by means of oppressing by power; whereas the phrase using violence is defined as enforcing, attacking, brute force, inflicting pain physically or psychologically, torturing, hitting and injuring. On the other hand, acts of violence are defined as acts or attempts that are created to intimidate and/or oppress people. The opinion that the feeling of being threatened and the reactive violence caused by this feeling are one of the most dangerous violence types is established in many theoretician’s statements. Another type of this feeling is mentioned as the destructiveness occurring as a result of frustration and tension which arises from oppression, that is it occurs in order to grab the power at the end of a period with a lack of a governing authority. Within the context of art when violence is discussed, the predicament in which those living under oppression go through a lack of governing authority have appeared in artistic works as well as social events as an extension of many social movements and psychological expressions. In this framework naturally artists have also been affected by the environment in which capitalism, as an economic sovereignty system, forced people into consumption and degraded humanity; such factors as oppression and violence that the modern society employs on individuals have been reflected on their artistic expression. The sense of art which is shaped by violence, destructiveness and resistance features characteristics that are formed against aesthetical laws, and are imposed upon the modern society. In this context, such artistic movements as “Happening” and “Fluxus” that concentrates more on societal concerns and especially violence than the aesthetical focus have emerged. An artistic movement like “Body-art” have emerged by turning the “body” into a political arena through the medium of displaying deviance and exhibitionism by the use of such actions as inflicting pain upon the body and artists injuring themselves in front of a crowd. Thus, artists strive to tell every negativity in life with an awareness of cultural diversity, in defiance of oppression, sexism, racism, attacks against sexual orientations, and especially violence by using their bodies. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28721 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28721 Reyhan DEMİR World Health Organization defines violence as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person or against a group or community, that either results in injury, death, psychological harm or maldevelopment(Linda L. And oth. 2002). Violence against children, child maltreatment and neglect are the sum of acts of commission or omission which are inflicted towards children by adults such as parents or caregivers, defined as unbefitting or harmful by the society and professionals, hindering or limiting the development of the child. As a result of these acts of commission or omission, the child may be subjected to physical, mental, sexual or social harm, and his or her health and security may be in danger (Taner and Gökler 2004). According to the research in the field, while many of the children experience violence on the streets, a vast majorty of children learns violence from television. Since this “learned fictionality” is at a level where the children could not make a distinction, it can cause serious traumas in the child who lives between the real and fiction. The child is human. It would be groundless to hope from a child to be an “ideal” individual or a human being, without presenting him or her good and accurate examples. But how right is it to mention about this “ideality” in a consumption-driven era where using communicative devices is encouraged rather than communicating with the parents? The child grows up with games. The space he or she fictionalized during the game is a reflection of how the child perceives reality. Many psychologists investigating children behavior concur that a child playing games and playing roles is doing some preliminary preparation for life. In this respect, children’s plays and the games children play are of great importance in the development of children. As the responses or penalties given to violent crimes the child committed mostly by fictionalizing the action as a game and playing accordingly become more irritating, the child, who sees himself or herself as innocent in his or her own game, may be pused towards depressive situations; or the expensive toys or technological devices which are bought by parents as rewards for raising so called “ideal” children, cause the children to grow up with visual inputs pertaining to adult experience or to become adult children, away from the innocence of children. This study aims at discussing the effects of visual inputs which contribute to the learned fictionalities on the violence tendency in children, and making some suggestions. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28641 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28641 Serdar Egemen NADASBAŞ, Birsen ÇİLEROĞLU Bach technological development effects or changes the structure of existing products, services and processes in different sectors of their time. In the global competency environment, manufacturers embrace the technologies and approaches which will drive them forward in the market they function and use them within the bounds of possibility. 3D printers, named as the last industrial revolution, are shown as the raising trend of recent years. 3D printers used in many sectors such as automotive, architecture, telecommunication, health, engineering and aviation, are accepted in fashion sector which comes to mind as the first in innovation and change. Starting from the first years of 21st century, 3D printers were used in experimental studies in fashion sector. At the present time, related to the progress in material technology, 3D printers are used in the production of daily life apparels. It is expected that the studies in the field will bring radical changes to the production and design perception of fashion sector. This study focuses on the determination and development of 3D printer usage in fashion sector, which is expected to play the lead role in shaping the production system in the future. With this respect by using descriptive research method information on development of 3D printer technologies, used materials and methods were examined and focused on the application examples in the fashion sector. On the other hand, with experimental development method by taking into account the opportunities on the usage and specialities of 3D printers, inspired modular and multi-functional apparels were designed and the information and visuals on the designs were presented. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28723 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28723 Ahmet Emin SEYHAN Today, Muslims have some problems in the conception of Sunnah. When it is called the Sunnah of Muhammad, we can think of being like him to “Shape and appearance” enough. However, it can be seen that not giving the importance required in obtaining a guide, in other words imitating and taking samples are mixed together, so that the Prophet’s sample cannot be used adequately. As a matter of fact, taking a sample is an action related to “essence and purpose” whereas imitation is an action related to “form and shape”. Taking an example leads to “serious and lasting behavior” in one’s behavior, whereas imitation brings a “superficial and formal” change in one’s behavior. However, it is possible to take the Prophet as an example, not to imitate him, but to follow him, to follow his trail, to understand the purpose behind his actions and to carry his Sunnah to life. In this respect, a non-essential Sunnah conception complicates the correct understanding of the purpose behind Muhammad’s words and practices. It affects the lives of Muslims in a negative way and delays the construction of a model Islamic society. For this reason, in order to substitute the correct Sunnah concept, first of all, the source of the problem needs to be focused on the reasons; these in-depth analysis and solution proposals need to be developed. This article draws attention to the different Sunnah approaches of Muslims, discusses what needs to be done for the construction of a true Sunnah, and it is aimed at giving examples from the Sunnah of the Prophet and introducing them to Muslims and other people. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28724 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28724 Ahmet ÖZDEMİR The muhaddiths, in the second century of hijrah, made huge compilation and classification works primarily to detect and record the Prophet’s sunnah as well as to transmit it to the next generations. However, from the first century onwards, more theological topics have been discussed in society, and these discussions have also been reflected on the works of that time. Examining Rabî’s work, titled al-Jâmi’ al-Sahîh which belongs to the second century according to Ibadîs, in terms of content it can be argued that Rabî’ aimes to form the principles of the Ibadiyyah sect by this work. Because when looking at the reports which are related to the scientific and intellectual issues discussed in the period, it is seen that Rabî’ usually gives priority to the reports, supporting the views of Ibâdîs. In Rabî's work, the reports related to the topics of great sins, the definition of faith, God's attributes, Ru’yat Allah (seeing God), intercession, imamah and fate are in harmony with the views of Ibadi sect. Even it is seen that the reports which support the views of the opponents such as ru’yat Allah and intercession are not included. This shows that while writing his work, Rabî’ did not remain neutral in the face of the scientific and intellectual problems and sought solutions to these problems with the reports he included in his work. Our work is limited to a hadith book. In our opinion, other hadith sources will have similar results when examined in terms of the scientific and intellectual discussions in the period. This shows us that any hadith corpus should not be studied independently of the scientific, intellectual and socio-cultural context of particularly its classification period. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28725 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28725 Muhammet Mustafa BAYRAKTAR It is known that there are many factors that influence students' academic achievement in general and their achievements in Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge course in particular. In order for the goals, aims and achievements in the Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge course to be realized, it is important to reveal these factors and determine the relations between them. In this respect, we tried to determine how parents' attitudes towards the teacher of the Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge course are related to their children's achievements in the course in our research. The population of the research consists of parents of the students enrolled in primary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Van in 2003-2004 academic year. The prepared questionnaire was applied to the sample consisting of parents of the 4th and 8th grade students in 11 schools. In our research, hypothesis testing was based on a minimum of .05 significance level for the difference between relationships. It is thought that our research will reveal how parental attitudes towards the teachers of the Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge course influence students' achievement in Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge courses and also contribute to the studies on Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge course achievements in Turkey. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28587 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28587 Ali Cenap YOLOĞLU Shopping malls become one of the essential parts of urban life. There are two main factors behind this development. These are reconstruction of leisure time and gaining wide currency of consumption culture among society. In addition to social and cultural motives, economic functions of shopping malls are one of the reasons for their being. Shopping malls have started to compete with city centers especially in terms of their retailing functions. However to know the potential consumer group well and to advance proper selling strategies according to their preferences are the first condition of performing this retailing function ideally. Research conducted until now show us how shopping mall customers differentiate in itself in terms of consumption behavior. The aim of this study is to deepen the level of knowledge in this field of study by providing new information about topic by means of adding new dependent variables. The study shows that variables of gender, age level, marital status and education level have determining effects on perception and usage of shopping malls by consumers. In other words, life style, as a combination of social, cultural and economic variables, shapes the consumer shopping behavior. The behavioral differences among people resulting from social, cultural and economic characteristics will not only affect their relations with shopping malls but also their reaction to or perception of near future developments such as artificial reality, augmented reality, industry 4.0. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28734 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28734 Mehmet ÖZMENLİ The information provided by Turks' epics of creation allows us to reveal important data about the Turks' perception of women and the marriage institution. On the other hand, the events that took place in the monarch families and described in historical references can also provide an insight on the subject. According to the findings of the folklorists, loyalty constitutes the foundation of the Turkish family structure. This is an important finding in terms of manifesting the Turks' point of view on the family institution. In our study, stories about women and family were examined in both epics and historical sources. When the literature is reviewed, it is seen that the subject of women and family has been studied by many scientists. In this study, it can be emphasized based on both the classic and the contemporary literature that monogamy is more prevalent among the Turks and as a corollary of this, Turks' approaching to the phenomena of women and family is more humane than most societies. It can be observed in the sources reviewed that the perception of women among Turks is not a perception of gender per se. In addition, woman is emphasized as an entity which is not humiliated but glorified. Horse is the saddle beast for both men and women. By the same token, unlike many societies, women can independently decide whom to marry. Even these simple examples give us the Turks' view of "human" or "human being". Although there are examples of polygamy in the Turks, it is seen to be more common among the ruling elite. The reason for this is explained that the rulers want to gain political power. It is mentioned in the literature that women also had their right to divorce when necessary. On the other hand, it can be claimed that the geography in which they lived also influenced the wanderer Turks' attitude towards women and family. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28700 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28700 Sevim ATİLA DEMİR, Gülay KESKİN Having a mentally handicapped child has many difficulties in terms of psycho-logical, economic and social aspects, that are encountered families and especially by mothers. In most cases, these difficulties cannot be seen with all the clarity. The objective of this study is to be able to make the difficulties experienced in growing such children obvious and to offer suggestions for mitigating these difficulties through the example of mothers with mentally handicapped children in Istanbul-Pendik province. The sample of the research consists of 7 mothers with mentally disabled children living in Istanbul-Pendik county. In-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview form. The data obtained are classified into five categories: economic problems, psychological problems, social problems, educational problems and problems arising in family rela-tions. In order to explain the data, the descriptive analysis method was carried out using the thematic framework. It has been found that families with mantally handicapped children and especially mothers, are exposed to more stress, have more time to care for their children, need more financial resources, and are more cautious and limited in their social relations. At the same time, the existing stresses also influence the interpersonal relations at a high level. At the end of the study, it was understood that the support of families of children with mental disabilities would not be enough to mitigate the difficulties being encountered, and that the regulation of the social functioning and social awareness was important at the same time when the reasons behind these difficulties were analyzed. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28671 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28671 İnci Fatma DOĞAN, İsmail BAKAN , Y.Sonay YILMAZ , Makbule OĞUZ Presenteism is the feeling that people have to go to work, even though they have discomfort due to emotions, such as heavy workload, fear of losing their jobs, feeling unworthy of themselves, not having the power to make decisions in a matter, and not being able to get support from their manager. Presenteeism is the problem of those who have to work in today’s competitive work environment. As a result of presenteeism that is a consequence of loyalty to work and various workplace and private life pressures, people experience burnout feelings, physical problems, health problems and low performance depending on them and various psychological problems. This situation causes the productivity of both the employee and the working institution to decrease. Presenteism, which drives employees to inefficiency, causes large costs in businesses. Therefore it is necessary to struggle with presenteism, which significantly affects employees' productivity. Stress is another factor that affects the productivity of employees in business life negatively and causes the decrease of the efficiency of the institution and causes the physical and psychological problems of the person. One of the reasons leading to stress is presenteism. Therefore, it may become possible to eliminate the problems that may arise from presenteism as a result of combatting presenteism and a positive contribution will be made to the performances defined as the degree to which people use their potentials and abilities within a certain period of time to achieve their goals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between sub-dimensions of presenteeism (work-focused presenteeism and psycho-focused presenteeism) and stress and performance. For this purpose, a questionnaire study was carried out in 3 private hospitals operating in the health sector in Adana and the results obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS program. In conclusion, as the work focused presenteeism perception of the participants increased, stress levels decreased and their performances increased. Besides, as the psycho-focused presenteism perception increased, the stress level increased and the performance decreased. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28614 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28614 Aydın ÇİVİLİDAĞ Industrial and Organizational Psychology is one of the sub science of Psychology and it researches human behavior at work life. Both studying the researchers at domain of Industrial and organizational psychology and at the other disciplines the researchers try to put forth objective information in keeping with scientific principles. The scholars would like to access objective knowledge with scientific researches but when the research is being done ethical issues either ignored or neglected by researchers. The scholars whatever discipline it is their studies who conform ethical principal of scientific research, this situation could be the direct effect on objectivity and correctness of research results. But in recent years it is often encountered ethical violation, fabrication, falsifation, duplicate publication and plagiarism in researches. The aim of this research is to determine whether getting ethical permission and ethical violation on researches field of industrial and organizational psychology. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are positive worker behaviors and job stress and mobbing or workplace bullying are negative worker behaviors.These are one of the main research topics of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. In this research of purpose is analysis ethical principals on researches field of industrial psychology that was done on positive and negative worker behaviors by researchers both in Turkey and the other countries. With this aim it was applied document analysis total to 232 manuscripts in three databases which are to ULAKBIM, Web of Science (WoS) and EBSCO Host databeses by researcher through library of Akdeniz University web site. The positive and negative worker behaviors were entered as keywords to data bases between 2010-2017 years by researcher and were selected 232 researches with proper sampling. Finally it was accessed the researches and it was tried determining whether applied ethical procedure by researchers of them. According to results; it was been determined to got ethical approval at 17 studies conversely it was determined not to be ethical approval at 55 studies all of them 72 studies in ULAKBIM database. On the other hand from 80 researches in WoS database it was determined got ethical approval at 37 studies but it was determined not to be ethical approval at 43 studies. And finally from 80 studies in EBSCO Host database, it was determined to got ethical approval at 38 studies conversely it was determined not to be ethical approval at 42 researches. It was tried to explain detail the other result of the researches in this research. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28744 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28744 Aydoğan AYDOĞDU, Canan TANRISEVER There were huge differences between rural areas and cities regarding living conditions and other opportunities after industrial revolution. In progress of time, a lot of modals and approaches were suggested so as to develop rural areas and eliminate those differences getting deep in favour of cities. Among those approaches, distinctive characteristics of locals came into prominence in regional and rural development. Recently, rural tourism activities have been one of prominent facts for eliminating regional differences because of being able to use distinctive sources. In addition this sustainability in tourism activities that have tough competition is another important fact for being dominant. Aim of this study is to analyze riding clusters that has been focused in Daday –district of Kastamonu- and central villages close to Daday. Qualitative methods have been applied and clusters consisting of touristic facilities given riding opportunities are analyzed. Results of the study present that touristic facilities given riding opportunities in Daday district of Kastamonu are a cluster example geographically. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28735 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28735 Bahattin KELEŞ Turkomans were comeing Anatolia to explore the land, until Malazgirt battle in 1071. After the war, Turkomans settlet down Anatolia parmanently. İn the begining, approximately 200.000 Turkomans arrived in Denizli and vicinity. The history of Denizli Region second half of ends begans XI.th. Century and begining of XV.th. Century. The Region has constantly changed hands several times between Byzantium and Selcuk states. The middle of XIILth. Century, The Region was Conquered permanently by Turks.However, The land was changed hands many times among Selcuks Mongols and Turkish principalities Denizli, at the second quarter of XIII.th. Century, had been given to Sahib Ata’s son’s as “ ikta “. The Region was attacked many times by Turkish principalitiesln 1291, Geyhatu Khan, the Mongol emperor, was rushed and handed the Region. lbn Batuta, famous traveler, visited Denizli in 1332 According to his writings the city had 7 mosque, the bazaars, vineyards and orchards and springs. Magnificent fabrics embroided with gold or silver thread were made by using high quality cotton grow in the area.» Mongols tried to control pressure and gave importance region. Denizli was a beautiful city populated by Turkomans. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28713 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28713 Veda BİLİCAN GÖKKAYA Aim: In this study, it was aimed to reveal information on the socio-democratic characteristics, family structures, types and frequency of sexual abuse, and the abuser’s identity of the sexually abused children who were sent to the Children’s Branch of Sivas Provincial Security Directorate from different individuals and institutions. Method: The file information of 39 sexually abused cases between the ages of 1 and 18 years who were sent to the Children’s Branch of Sivas Provincial Security Directorate from different individuals and institutions between January 2016 and January 2017 was taken as a basis, and the questionnaires created by conducting a preliminary study were filled in. SPSS 16.00 package program was used for the general findings. Findings: 71.8% of 39 sexually abused cases are female, and 28.2% are male, and their average age is 12.02± 2.96 years. The sampling rate of those who do not go to school is 5.1%. 38.5% of abuse is vaginal penetration, 33.3% is touching, fondling, kissing and rubbing, 20.5% is anal penetration, 2.6% is oral penetration, 2.6% is genital exhibitionism, and 2.6% is sexually explicit speech. 41% of the abusers are lovers, 20.5% are foreigners, 15.4% are neighbours, 7.7% are schoolmates, 7.7% are teachers, 5.1% are brothers, and 2.6% are step-fathers. Conclusion: Sexual abuse deeply affecting the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, that has existed in any society and any culture (in different shapes and dimensions) since the existence of humanity, is also a phenomenon that can be prevented. Therefore, it is necessary to make private and public areas suitable by reviewing legal arrangements through multidisciplinary studies, and quickly eliminate deficiencies/gaps in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and the protection of children. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28708 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28708 F.Ceyda Süer, Melda KEÇECİ Organizations are beginning to realize more and more the importance of attaching importance to their employees, supporting them and communicating more openly in order to gain competitive advantage. It is necessary to examine the voice behavior, which is a relatively new concept, in this period in which the importance of communication with employees is emphasized. The main purpose of this study is to show the relationship between Leader Member Exchange (LMX) and Voice Behavior of the employee’s. The researchers also aimed to find out if there were supervisory responsiveness’ differences as a moderating variable. For this purpose, an empirical research was carried out on a total of 115 employees working in different sectors in Turkey. Employees were asked to fill out the questionnaire about three variables. Voice behavior has two dimensions of voice behavior (promotive and prohibitive voice). These items were developed by Avery & Quiñones in 2002. Each dimension has four questions totally eight questions asked to measure Voice Behavior. Leader Member Exchange Scale (LMX) developed by Liden & Maslyn (1998) was used to measure LMX and the scale includes twelve questions. Supervisory Responsiveness Scale developed by Saunders et al (1992) and includes seven questions. The data was analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation, a linear regression analysis and a t-test. According to the Correlation and the Regression analysis the results show that the LMX and Voice Behavior have a significant and positive relationship but Supervisory Responsiveness does not moderate the relationship. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28672 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28672 Pınar COŞKUN, Hilal KAZU Today a lot of countries investigate to their education systems, there aren't any useful that had became aware of classical education systems result from some problems the communities need to people who thinking discussion and answering to issues instead of people who have inflexible thinks. This had stressed to need used to be technicals of "Active Learning". Active Learning is a kind of learn to students who will do active their all education's lifes. Active Learning is aplicated allow to children's ability and capability are used until end of it that since preschool of education associations. Active Learning is applicated at children who preschool season to make they possible who have as self-confidence, as criticize, as thinking, as discussing and giving answer to solutions. With this survey had been tried to establish by level of practice and known who teachers are working at any preschool education of active learning and teachers run into level of handicaps at application of active learning. Descriptive Scrutinize model had been used at this survey. The focus of this research is the preschool teachers of 70 primary schools in Elazig city centers. However for sampling whole process is taken into consideration. Preschool teachers of opinion had been applied who join the survey and had been developed a public survey for this. . Prepared public survey at result of doing investigate and scrutinize of literature had been practiced to teachers at preschool education of associations in Elazig. From public surveys obtain datas had been analysed with program SPSS for Windows 12.0. The results of the analysis made suggest that teachers are not aware of new teaching methods and techniques or are not familiar with new techniques. This suggests that we need teacher training programs based on active learning practices. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28580 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28580 İslam KAVAS In the world geography the countries which are known as Scandinavia, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark housed an only one of its kind type society in the middle age. Although people who are relative to this society are known as Northmen, Rus, or Danish, today, Viking have become the common name for them. They are known as Rus in the medieval Islamic world. Vikings make agriculture, husbandry, and hunting in their motherland. Later, they begin long-distance trade. However, the name Viking spread through the world, aspecially Europe, by plunder, pillage, and tear. European chronicles frequently tells about Viking plunder and murder. So that, this period is seen as a particular period and it is named with a particular name. One of the most important periods of the world is this period of 8th-11th century when Scandinavians, known as Vikings, plunder European countries and trade worlwide. ‘Viking Age,’ this period is called in Europe. In this period, Vikings, who have not been noticed earlier, are very efficient in world geography and especially European geography. Behind commerce and pluncer, they play a role in power balance of states. Moroever, they establishes a dynasty and kingdom known as Normans. This paper aims to analyze geography and socio-economical structure of Scandinavians, called Vikings, in that era. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28762 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28762 Eyüp Can EKİNCİ Elif Safak, the center of the cultural and scientific source of the West, focuses his novels on his work, pushes his work into anachronic and fictional vacancy. This is a result of Western-based interpretation of the Eastern society created from the other point of view. Many phenomena are striking, from the style problem we often encounter in works of art, to the ignorance of the spiritual and economic conditions of the society to be projected, and from the fictional consistency line to the anarchic elements in the sequence of historical events. Elif Şafak is also experiencing the problem of not being authentic in reflecting the society he is working on. Underlying this problem, which overlaps with the speech of Orientalism about the Orient, lies, in fact, a prejudiced approach. This is because there is no doubt that such a problem will be encountered in the context of authenticity if it is known well how to make the person who speaks out of their own values, Thus lies the orientalist tendencies under the fictional space and deviations of the author, who wrote his work with a Western motto. In this study we collected the contents under four headings, it was firstly to examine Elif Şafak's novels within the boundaries of historical novels and to see how skillfully they established it. The second point we have criticized at the point of the article is that sensitivity towards our Sufism and moral tradition is bound up in the first place. In the third chapter, the author's works are emphasized in terms of not being authentic while communicating his works. In the fourth chapter, especially in the context of Father and Pich's novel, the author misinterpreted the facts with the misconceptions of history. Our aim in this study Elif Şafak's Love, My master and I, Alexander, Father and Bastard novels, evaluate the we're talking about topics that made thousands of repression in Turkey and to gain awareness of the author's works with the popular author identity. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28759 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28759 Hakkı YAPICI The aim of this research is to state the self-efficacy of Social Studies teachers related to using of smart board and evaluate them in respect of several variables. The sample of research comprise 90 teachers (40 female, 50 male) working at 35 secondary schools in Erzurum, Kars and Gümüşhane in 2016-2017 academic years. ‘Personal Information From’ used in study for determining teachers gender and priority and ‘Self-Efficacy Scale for Using of Creative Smart Board’ used in study for determining teachers self-efficacy related to using of smart board. The data were gathered via a 5-point Likert type rating scale (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree) with 25 items, for the social sciences teachers views self-efficacy of social studies teachers related to using of smart board. Research data has been analyzed by means of SPSS 11.5 program. The content validity, comprehensibility, and reliability of the scale were provided. As a result of statiscal analysis, it has been found that Social Studies teachers have a self-efficacy with the level of “I accept” related to using of smart board. Based on the findings obtained by assessing the self-efficacy levels of Social Sciences teachers in terms of using the smart board by professional seniority, it is shown that teachers with seniority of 1-5 and 6-10 years approach contemporary teaching methods and techniques more positively, and they are more open to innovations and student-centeredness than teachers with higher professional seniority. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28707 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28707 Yusuf Yıldız The Ottoman-Habsburg relations began in the 15th century and intensified during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent after the conquest of Ungarn because the Ottoman Empire became the border neighbor of Austria. Ferdinand I., the Austrian Archduke, sent ambassadors to Istanbul many times. Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, one of these ambassadors, came to Istanbul as the permanent ambassador of I. Ferdinand at the beginning of 1555 and lived here until the signing of the peace treaty between Ottomans and Habsburgs in 1562. Busbecq did not only accomplish his diplomatic missions by conducting peace negotiations, but also played an active role in other areas. His curious personality, intellectuality and the large territories and multinational structure of the Ottoman State led him to conduct various research both in scientific and culturel field. He found near Ankara the Monument “Res Gestae Divi Augusti" including the deeds of Emperor Augustus. He rediscovered the language of the Crimean Goths, which was about to disappear. He found a copy of Materia Medica, the medical book of Dioskorides, an ancient doctor. For the first time, Busbecq introduced many flowers and medicinal herbs such as tulips, lilacs, sweet sedge and animal species to Europe. Busbecq studied the religion, language, culture and tradition of many peoples of the Ottoman Empire, especially of the Turks, and thus caused that Europe could know these peoples. The researches of Busbecq in various fields, especially in botany, medicine, zoology, numismatics, philology, archeology, classical epigraphy, contributed greatly to the development of these sciences. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28768 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28768 İhsan Nuri DEMİREL In present study knowledge levels of the Director of National Education and Vice Directors from Ağrı Provincial Directorate of National Education, Primary and Secondary School Principals and Vice Principals on the issue of Education Directorship (Educational Leadership) have been investigated. To detect Directorship knowledge levels of directors, a questionnaire consisting of information on directorship has been presented to them. The sampling of research is composed of 27 principals and 49 vice principals from Ağrı Provincial Directors of National Education. According to research findings: Directors have given answers to questions on Directorship (Educational Leadership) at varying rates by meeting the expectations in a “desired” manner. Findings reveal that directors are equipped with thorough knowledge on leadership behavior. 2024-08-29