https://jasstudies.com/?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=611 The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies en 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29066 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29066 Mehmet Ali ÇAKIR, Gökhan DÖŞ The aim of this research is to examine the validity and reliability of Distress Disclosure Index, which was originally developed by Kahn and Hessling and adapted into Turkish language for college students by Gürsoy and Gizir, on high school students. As long as the individual does not reveal their problems, it is difficult to do something for their solution. If an adolescent does not address the problem in his relationships, the likelihood of this problem is not solve. The problem will continue to disturb the adolescent. Individuals share their thoughts, feelings and beliefs with others in the society in which they live. This situation, which we define as opening subjective problems, can be shaped according to gender, age or the culture of the environment. Self-disclosure is a communication skill that opens its subjective troubles to another person. Disclosure subjective distress; it can be defined as the process of expressing one's own feelings, thoughts, life perspective, beliefs or needs to another person. The data was obtained from 152 (61 female, 91 male) students at a private school in the province of Isparta. The structure validity of the scale was examined by exploratory factor analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the scale was composed of two sub-factors described as self-opening and self-concealment. As a result of reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be .92, and test-test-retest reliability conducted 6 weeks later was determined to be .76. In light of the data obtained, it was determined that Distress Disclosure Index would yield applicable, valid and reliable results on high school students. In addition, significant differences were found between high school students’ distress disclosure levels and their grade level and grade averages. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28932 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28932 Mehmet ŞAHİN The purpose of this research is to determine the views of candidate teachers on the use of cues in the learning and teaching process. Descriptive scanning method was used in the study. The study group of the research is composed of 319 candidate teachers participating in pedagogical formation training at Çankırı Karatekin University. In order to collect the data of the study, two parts data collection tool was developed. In the analysis of the data, Mann Whitney-U Test and Kruskal Wallis-H test were used together with descriptive statistics. According to the results of the research, it is seen that the candidate teachers are aware importance of cues used in the teaching process, they are more importance the types of visual cues, they are effective on what to teach the cues and they participate in the functions of the cues to a great extent. Teacher candidates' opinions about the types of clue used in the teaching process do not show any significant difference according to the sex and the sections. Items for which the clues are effective show a meaningful difference according to the sex but do not make a meaningful difference compared to the section. The criteria to be considered when giving the clues and the views of the functions of the clues differ significantly from the gender and the section. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28859 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28859 Selda KILIÇ, Baştürk KAYA , Ali ATEŞ The aim of this study is to determine the cognitive structures of biology students on the concept of "Global warming”. Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Education, Biology Education, Department of Education is constituted by 29 students who are in the 4th grade. The study is entirely voluntary. The free word association test was used to collect the data and the obtained data were evaluated using the content analysis. According to the evaluation results, categories were formed, the frequencies and percentages of answer words in each category were calculated and tables were created. Data of the research were collected under a total of 5 categories. Within these categories, the category with the highest number of answer words and at the same time with the highest total frequency of answer words is "Possible effects of global warming". The second category is named as "Natural and artificial causes of global warming". Other categories are listed as "The category of defining Global warming", "Environmental effects of global warming" and "Living things that are affected by Global warming". The frequencies and percentages of these categories and their number of answer words are low. In addition, the words that contain misconceptions and are not included in any categories are given within the text. As a result, it is seen that word association test is an effective technique in detecting cognitive structures and detecting misconceptions. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29018 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29018 Ayşe KAZANCI TINMAZ, Nagihan TEPE The aim of this study is to investigate the views of mother research assistants about academic and social lives. The research was carried out according to the phenomenon pattern of qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 11 mother research assistants determined by criterion sampling. The data were collected by a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers and analyzed by descriptive analysis technique. Some of the findings are as follows: Participants stated that academic studies do not delay the age of marriage, however, that they had children at the time they considered themselves suitable for having children professionally. The participants stated that the real responsibility and burden are on their own, even if they get help from their spouses in terms of their home responsibilities. Mother research assistants stated that it was very difficult to find a caretaker. They did not see any positive discrimination because they were mothers in their working lives. Mother research assistants have some difficulties in academic and social lives. Some of them are; inability to study at home, slow progress of academic studies, not being able to participate in scientific activities such as congress, conference, sleep less and that do not have time for themselves and their family etc. Participants think that male research assistants carry out their academic studies more quickly and comfortable. It was stated that being a research assistant had a positive effect on the relationship with the child and his/her education in general. Participants choose their profession as their “ideals” and they have a positive attitude towards their profession. Participants have some difficulties due to maternity but they enjoy their profession. According to them, it is a respectable profession, but a stressful profession with a shortage of staff. According to the findings obtained in the research, some suggestions were made. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28940 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28940 Osman AKHAN, Ahmet DOLMACI , Sedat ALTINTAŞ Learning refers to solving a problem that individuals meet properly by utilising their experiences. Individuals acquire this skill from their living aims, their wish to solve problems, the obstacles they meet and their will to succeed. The attitudes of individuals towards learning provide them with various advantages in all their life in order to reach their aims, to solve their problems, and to comply with improvements. The attitudes of teacher candidates towards learning when they start their profession are really important for them to keep their professional development alive continuously. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyse the attitudes of teacher candidates towards learning in terms of various variables. The Attitude Scale towards Learning, developed by Kara (2010) and whose reliability and validity analysis was done, was used in the study by taking the necessary permissions and the survey model was adopted in the research. The study group of the research consisted of the senior teacher candidates studying at Akdeniz University in the 2017-2018 educational years. The acquired data was analysed thanks to the SPSS package program. The results of the research indicated that the attitudes of teacher candidates towards learning were high and positive, that their learning expectations were quite high, and that their anxiety levels towards learning were middle. In addition, according to the results of the research, it was determined that the attitudes of teacher candidates towards learning showed significant differences in the whole scale and its various dimensions in terms of the variables including gender, teaching department, parental educational background and living area before university. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28988 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28988 Merve MAZLUMOĞLU, Osman SAMANCI Lifelong learning is an important factor on the formation of qualified societies. In this sense, adult education provides the training the individuals need along with compulsory education and it encourage them to develop themselves. The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions of managers and teachers who work in public education centers in terms of adult education. The design of the study is case study which is one of the qualitative research designs. The study group includes 60 managers and 92 teachers working in public education centers. The managers and teachers in the study group were reached during the in-service trainings in Trabzon, Erzurum, İstanbul and Denizli and they participated in the study based on volunteerism. As a data collection tool, a questionnaire containing open-ended questions prepared by researchers was used. In the analysis of the data, descriptive analysis technique used in qualitative researches was utilized. The findings obtained through the study were examined under four themes: "General Thoughts about Adult Education", "Problems Experienced in Adult Education", "Expectations related to Adult Education" and "Recommendations for Adult Education". According to the data obtained from the study, it was determined that managers and teachers found adult education important, but they experienced problems due to different reasons during the adult education process. Managers and teachers also stated that trainees have some expectations from adult education courses. In the study, suggestions were made to improve the quality of adult education process in term of the educational environments, educators and trainees. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29052 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29052 Demet ARI, Muzaffer Sencer BULUT ÖZSEZER , Kamuran TARIM The aim of this research is to determine the effect of skill-based critical thinking education, carried out with fourth-grade students, on critical thinking skills of the students and to gather information about students' views on critical thinking. In line with the aim, answers to the following questions were sought: 1. Is there a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group students in critical thinking analysis sub-dimension? 2. Is there a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group students in critical thinking evaluation sub-dimension? 3. Is there a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group students in critical thinking inference sub-dimension? 4. Is there a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group students in critical thinking interpretation sub-dimension? 5. Is there a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group students in critical thinking interpretation sub-dimension? 6. Is there a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group students in critical thinking self-regulation sub-dimension? 7. What are the opinions of study group students about critical thinking teaching? The study was realized with fourth-grade students in a state school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the first semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. The study group was determined with purposive sampling method and there are 48 students in total, 25 students in the study group and 23 students in the control group. In this study, the convergent parallel pattern of the mixed method was used to gather information to determine the effect of skill-based critical thinking education, carried out with fourth-grade students, on critical thinking skills of the students and to gather information about students' views on critical thinking. In the collection of data, the data collection tools were collected in two groups as quantitative and qualitative data collection tools. In quantitative data collection tools, Critical Thinking Scale developed by Demir (2006) was used to measure students' critical thinking levels. There are 6 chapters in the scale aiming to measure the sub-dimensions of critical thinking. In the experimental group, the Cort 1 thinking program was used. A statistically significant difference was found in favor of the study group for Cort 1 thinking the program, in which quantitative findings of the study applied, on analysis, evaluation, inference, interpretation, explanation and self-regulation skills of the students. Based on the research results it can be said that, skill-based critical thinking skill programs can be incorporated in students' lives to help them gain the ability to think critically, and when critical thinking skills education program is applied it positively affects students' attitudes towards class and increases their expectations towards the continuation of the course. It is recommended to carry out this study with a longer application time, by making the examples in practice more suitable for students' readiness levels, and to implement them by making arrangements based on the students' daily lives, and also to conduct activities with students for group work, for the training of skill-based critical thinking that is all based on group work, before starting the implementations. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29005 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29005 Aslı GÖRGÜLÜ ARI, Kevser ARSLAN Students are required to be educated as individuals who can love and question the research, realize cause-effect relationships, establish logical connections among them, understand and solve the basic problems. One of the important points to be considered in this direction is Biology Education. In this study, it was aimed to determine the views of secondary school students on the biology subjects in the science course. General screening model was used in research methods. The study group consists of students studying at a public school in Istanbul. The sample of the study group was selected from the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade primary school students and a total of 40 students were formed. While the students' opinions about the biology subjects included in the science curriculum, 6 open-ended questions were used. At the data collection stage, written answers of the students were taken by semi-structured open-ended questions which were carried out in a single stage without any intervention. A total of 40 students were coded in the form of Ö1, Ö2, Ö3, Ö4, ........ Ö40. Content analysis, the data collection process is obtained at the end of a large number of meaningful parts of the information is determined, each section conceptually what is meaning, the code is made for the sections created and the codes are collected under certain categories and themes are created (Yıldırım & Şimşek, 2011). Tables are created for each question and answer. The answers are written under the code name and placed under different themes. Separate frequency values were generated within each code, and then the frequency percentage distributions evaluated in themes were calculated. In order to ensure the reliability of the research, the data were also examined by a field expert and the theme was examined whether there was consensus with codes. The reliability calculation for the themes was calculated by using the reliability formula of Miles and Huberman (1994)(reliability=consensus/consensus+disagreement). After the research, opinions and suggestions of the students about the biology subjects included in the science curriculum were determined, examined and recommendations were made according to the data. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29070 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29070 Nuran ÖZLÜK In 1919, a period when people resisted against the invasion of the country and struggled to find any bread to eat, Housewife's Easy Meals was published being one of the New Cookbooks written by S. Tevfik. In this book, there were many recipes from bonito stew with wine to heart saute, which contradicted with purchasing power and conditions of the period. The ingredients took place in the recipes might only be supplied by the ones who can be called war-rich, while the ordinary people were starving. The aim of this study is, to present a food percept, completely dissimilar to its period, to the attention and to present an opportunity for qualified people to compare the recipes of today with the ones a hundred years ago in today's popular conflicts about how to eat properly. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29056 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29056 Erol TOPAL Turkish written language divided into two groups as West and North-East after the 13th century, and it developed in this way until the 19th century. North-East Turkish also divided into two different groups as North and East Turkish after 15th century. Eastern Turkish is formed by Chagatai language. Modern Uyghur Turkish and Uzbek Turkish used today are the continuation of Chagatai. Uyghur Turks used Chagatai Turkish as the literary language until the 1930s. After this date, the ‘central dialect’ that included almost all the languages of the Uyghur Turks along with the dialects of Kashgar, Aksu, Kumrul, Turfan and Ili provinces which accepted the Urumqi (Ürimçi) dialect as the central one was turned into the literary language. Several works have been produced in many fields from the moment of the first appearance of Turkish to the present. One of the works of Turkish language is religious texts. Religious texts are very important in terms of adding new items to the vocabulary of the languages and thus enriching the vocabulary because such texts mean new concepts for a language. The most valuable of the religious texts is the Quran. The Quran has been translated into Turkish since the 11th century. Thanks to these translations, hundreds of religious terms have been added to Turkish. While Turkish equivalents of religious terms were attempted to be used in the first translations, it is seen that the Arabic or Persian equivalents of the terms have been preferred in the recent translations. The aim of this study is to determine how many of the religious terms in the Modern Uyghur translation of the Quran are in Modern Uyghur and how many in Arabic or Persian. The Modern Uyghur translation that is used in this study was made by Muhammed Salih in 1992 upon the request of Fahd bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, the king of Arabia. In Quran, many subjects have been dealt with in both abstract and concrete forms. Since the examination of all of these issues will take a very large part, the present study has been limited. In this study, only the noun forms of genie, demon and angel concepts which are mentioned in Modern Uyghur Turkish translation of the Quran by Muhammed Salih were examined. First, the places where the concepts of genie, devil and angel and the other names of these were mentioned in the Quran were located verse by verse. Then, the equivalents and meanings of these concepts in the Modern Uyghur Turkish translation of the Quran were written. In addition, the first verse where the term was mentioned is shown as an example. At the end, how much of the identified terms is in Modern Uyghur and how much in Arabic or Persian are indicated by numerical values. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29029 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29029 Serpil SOYDAN, İlker BATTAL Language is an institution that shows the identity of a nation and is a culture carrier. The vocabulary of this social institution is not composed of the words of that language. Idioms, stereotypes, proverbs, terms and various narrative patterns are also included in these utterances. The vocabulary of the language, which forms the construction of the language, is transferred from generation to generation with this culture bearing characteristic of language. The names of plants, which are examined in the field of basic vocabulary especially in vocabulary, are considered within the science of name, which is one of the branches of meaning of linguistics. In this study, the names of vegetables and fruits from plant names were tried to be evaluated. In order to identify the names of vegetables and fruits, Turkish Sender Dictionary was used. Turkish Sender Dictionary, which contains words from various dialects of Turkish, is a work of Turkish language, which give information to other languages from Turkish, and contains information units in the semantic field of language. The aim of this article is to determine the terms of vegetables and fruits in Turkish Sender Dictionary with numerical data and try to show which languages they have. A total of twenty seven vegetable species were identified in the Turkish Sender Dictionary In terms of numerical data as the highest number of vegetables in other languages; eggplant (13), leek and okra (9), zucchini and beet (8), bean and beet (7), cauli, lettuce, radish (6) has been used. Vegetables with the least number of other languages in terms of numerical data; Gherkin Kohlrabi, Ali Bey Herb, Cucumber, Berengi, Purslane (2), tomato, potato, garlic (3). Forty-one (41) fruit species were identified in Turkish Sender Glossary. In terms of numerical data, the highest number of fruits in other languages; Lemon (13), Bostan (12), Bey pear (11), Watermelon (10), Cherry (9), Chestnut, Melon, Mulberry, Pear (8), Date, Pomegranate, Peach, Apricot (7); the least number of passers-by, white-mulberry (1), gold-headed (1), Pineapple (1), Currant (1), Mespilus (1); Banana (2), Sergeant grape (2), Coconut (2), New spring (2). 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29059 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29059 Türkan YEŞİLYURT Türkân İldeniz’s poem called “Kaçak” is based on the poem “Kaptan” by Atillâ İlhan. While the first four parts of the poem is in the poet’s poetry book called Taşra Kızının Deliceleri, its fifth part is in the poet’s poetry book called Havva Çıkmazı. The poem “Kaçak” is analyzed in the context of “search archetype”. “Archetype” which means “main example” is a universal and general first model. We encounter with the “search archetype” in many literary genres such as fairytales, myths, epos, romances and modern novels. In some of the fairy tales in various countries, the same plot is encountered. The son of a sultan or a king take the road to find a girl or a precious object; encounters many obstacles; receives assistance from people or animals with supernatural powers; he finally returns with getting what he wants. In modern literature, this kind of journey is “inner journey” which the person is looking for his personality. In here, in the context of “Archetypal criticism” the opinions of Carl Gustav Jung and Clarissa Pinkola Estés are used. İldeniz tells a self-discovery process of a woman in the poem “Kaçak”. The woman wants to leave her house and go on a voyage with the Captain (Kaptan). At first, the reason for her to leave her house is the social pressure. Then she enters an adventure on searching for herself. In this process, she falls in love with the Captain; becomes a woman; from time to time she betrays the Captain and ends the “age of innocence”; fights with her dark sides; leaves him by offering him her heart. Eventually she finds her personality. And the Captain is nobody but a person who supports her on her journey on searching for herself. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29076 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29076 Özlem YILDIRIM Minstrels, who express their emotions and thoughts accompanied by their saz (a stringed instrument) and are the single most important representatives of the oral tradition, serve as interpreters of the people among whom they are a part of as well as reflecting their spiritual values through improvised tunes and playing a significant role both as the carriers of language and culture. One of these minstrels was Âşık Şenlik of Çıldır, who held an important place within the Eastern Anatolian minstrel tradition. As a lover of his people, his tunes, which were the hallmark of the century in which he lived, were deeply themed around the social, political, and societal events of that period, and thus became etched both in the consciousness of the nation and its people alike. Most of his tunes were didactic in nature, and in addition to being rich in knowledge and meaning, they must separately be addressed in terms of reflecting the language of the people and the region he belonged to nevertheless. No minstrel cannot be thought separate from their lands, region, and the local people. Their tunes, in which they sing in improvisation with the entire body, therefore, carry the all of the dialectal richness of that region. This study examines the consonant harmonies found in poetries of the minstrel Şenlik, being a Karapapak/Terekeme Turk, which only carry tremendous resonance from the past into the present, but also hold significance from dialectal features. Upon classifying the phonetic qualities of these harmonies determined in his poems in detail, the status of these matters especially in some derivational affixes and inflections is given through various examples determined in his poetry. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29007 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29007 Ahmet KESKİN From ancient times to recent, Blessings (prayers/good wishes) and curses (maledictions/bad wishes) are found a extensive and living area in Turkish culture, especially in rituals, various communication form of daily life and both oral and written Turkish literary traditions. From this perspective, these two types are some of the precious materials that reveal the richness of Turkish language, culture and literature. Blessings and curses are not only a form of communication used in the context of speech and communication in everyday life, but also have a very comprehensive and expansionist nature, which is also encountered in many other fields, especially in folk beliefs, rituals, oral and written literary traditions. This situation has made it difficult to examine the aspects of these two genres in Turkish cultural history from an integrated perspective. The necessity of taking into account the interdisciplinary approaches to the analysis of the different examples of these two types in the history of language, culture and literature has been one of the main factors that make it difficult to examine and evaluate these genres in various aspects. Therefore, it is seen that the subject has not been evaluated in a comprehensive and sufficient manner with interdisciplinary and integrative approaches. Due to all these, the term, definition and classification problems related to these two species have not been brightened yet. In this study, the terms, definitions and classification problems of the blessins and cursing are analysed with context-centered approach. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29038 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29038 Kadir ALBAYRAK Thomas Mann is one of the most important writers of German literature. In this study, Thomas Mann's work “Death in Venice” is examined on a spatial and corporal basis. In his work “Death in Venice”, Thomas Mann describes Gustav von Aschenbach's travel to Venice to break the vicious circle of producing a new work. Tadzio whom Aschenbach meets in Venice, makes a different impact on the artist's soul. Two concepts stand out in the work: Space and Body. Venice is an important place that prepares the end of the artist with its historical and geographical background. The body of Tadzio, described by Aschenbach as a divine reflection of form, keeps Aschenbach in the city. In spite of the Indian cholera spread in Venice, Aschenbach does not leave the city and eventually loses his life there. In this study, Mann's Work has been examined in the context of Heterotopia and Utopian Body work of Foucault. In the light of the theoretical basis of these studies, it has been concluded that the depictions and the epidemics have transformed Venice into a heterotopy. Cholera, which leads to the death of Aschenbach and many people, turns the city of Venice into a cemetery heterotopy. The body of Tadzio, depicted in the perfection of a sculpture, manifests itself as the Utopian Body. At the end of the work Aschenbach tries to utopianize his own body with different applications, but he cannot be successful in this regard. As a result, it is seen that both the space and the body have a significant influence on the art and the end of Aschenbach. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29057 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29057 Nilay ERDEM AYYILDIZ The aim of the study is to examine Elizabeth Gaskell’s Cranford (1853) to explore to what extent the novel develops a proto-feminist voice through the lives of the female characters. The novel is set in Cranford, inhabited by a group of women limiting themselves into the strict cultural norms of the Victorian period. It presents a patriarchal way of life in contrast to Amazon-like town lives of the women. The Cranfordian ladies are away from being a female community liberated them from patriarchy; conversely, they form just a feminine community that maintains a unity among themselves with patriarchal teachings in their conventional lives by limiting themselves and escaping from capitalist effects even though they end up with interfering with men and capitalism. They lead their lives in accordance with the patriarchal norms because of their marriages or their fathers. Therefore, the study reveals that it is the ladies themselves who oppress each other and make their own lives difficult with their tough social rules. Thus, it indicates that the female characters in the novel do not evoke proto-feminist voice; however, the novel calls the female reader for a feminist action with the ironic portrayal of the patriarchal oppression which the Victorian women put themselves under. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29063 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29063 Öznur USTA TUZCU Proverbs are considered to be a universal genre of tradition that reveals the life-world and cultural values of the people of a given society, as well as their attitudes towards their surroundings. Due to the characteristic of being succinct, individuals use proverbs to convey their attitudes, opinions, beliefs and such on social media. However, the proverbs may lose their traditional forms; they are twisted and changed in many ways: by replacing words, extending the traditional proverbs, eliciting or adding extra words to the original proverbs which means they have become the modified version of proverbs that are full of satire, irony, and humor and known as “anti-proverb” in the field of Paremiology. This article deals with the structural and semantic changes applied in traditional proverbs to convey the new opinions and moral regarding the power, function, and effects of social media. The primary data source of this article includes anti-proverbs used on the social networking sites, Twitter and Facebook, which provide plentiful material for this kind of search. Out of 1368 anti-proverbs, 53 anti-proverbs have been determined as related to social media and social networking sites based on their lexis content. 11 anti-proverbs which have been derived from 9 traditional proverbs have been illustrated in this study. The selected anti-proverbs are based on especially the relationship of people in Turkish society; the power of social networking sites; the addiction to these sites. This study has revealed that the new content conveyed by the anti-proverbs expresses the relationship between people has become more virtual; the power of social media in reaching a vast amount of users in a short period and effectively is vast; whatever is shared on social media remains there contrary to oral speech. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29041 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29041 Serdar TAKVA Being one of the most leading behavioral scientists, Fanon became the spokesman of the third world citizens oppressed by the colonists and pointed out the effects of colonialism after the so -called independence gained by the colonized. The Algerian scholar handled the psychological tendencies and the retaliations of the colonized and displayed the relations between the colonized and the settler who owes his existence to the colonial system. Though Fanon died at very young age, he produced some outstanding works two of which are Black Skin White Masks (1952) and The Wretched of the Earth (1961). In his works, the relations between the natives and occupier- described as a violent phenomenon and the control of a certain species of men by a new one, and attitudes peculiar both sides are presented during decolonization. In his book entitled The Wretched of the Earth, Fanon has the tendency to provide his readers with violence created by the colonizer and the difficulties of establishing a national consciousness. His latter work -Black Skin White Masks- aims to clarify black-white relations and questions psychological aspects of decolonization. Although national liberation was gained after the colonization period, Fanon’s works contend that the effects of oppressors still continue among the oppressed. Although colonization period seems to have ended, it is apparent that lots of nations from different parts of the world are still suffering. As the occupational mentality still dominates the natives, this paper will focus on how the colonized behave, feel and interact with oppressors during the period of decolonization. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29058 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29058 Mustafa Eren ARIN Turkish Poliphonic Music has a history of at least 150 years from now. Jannisery Mehter was nearly 100 percent replaced by the Western Band by mid 19'th Century a tendency called westernization process which was higlighted by the decleration of Tanzimat(regulations) in 1839 accomponied by some radical changes in social/political life in Ottoman Empire. Through the period of social/political changes that continued for last decades of Ottoman Empire which eventually lead to the establishment of Turkish Republic in 1923, the Poliphonic Music and its genres were quickly beacame the signs of artistic expression marking the change from Feodal Community to Burgoise Society replacing the old values with the new ones. Till than the artistic task of Polyphonic music composing here in Turkey mainly have been to create new forms of Modern music displaying cultural idioms. In this document, I will try to examine technically the scores of some Modern and Contemporary Turkish Composers which ı’ll chose from various periods of Turkısh Polyphonic Music. By doing this I will try to generalize some common methods frequently used by the Turkısh composers to display Makam features in their music and question their relevance to makam tradition as means of compositional representation. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29032 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29032 Çetin TÜKENMEZ, Alper AKDENİZ Chanting Esmâü’lHüsnâ (names of Allah) which consists of ninety-nine perfects names of the Holy Creator has giant importance in the Islamic religion. For that reason, it was advised to chant, memorialize, number and memorize those names. This article aims to reveal the contribution of Turkish Religious Music to the chanting of Esmâü’lHüsna which consists of the best names and adjectives of Allah and provide contribution to the oral chanting, practicing and memorializing of ninety-nine names of the Holy Creator through definite tempos and melodies. Therefore, the “Esmâü’lHüsnâ” composed by İlhanTok who was a hafiz (person who memorizes Quran) and a composer and attendant of practices and the gathering of invocation was chosen as the sampling piece of work and was attached at the end of the in order to share the attitudes experienced thanks to the tones in the gathering of practice and invocation held by the great masters in the past. He employed Traditional Mosque Music in his works. We regret to say that the number of the musical loving teachers who had great contributions to the sustentation of the custom of practicing music and carry out to the current time through a sequence is gradually decreasing day by day. Thus, a contribution will be provided through this study to both transfer of the tradition of practice to future generations and perform a duty of loyalty to the representatives of this tradition through revealing their works and benefit from the living representatives of the tradition of practicing music. In this study conducted for that purpose, primarily, the meaning of the terms and concepts of Esmâü’lHüsnâ and invocation and significance of chanting Esma’s (the names of Allah) in consideration of Quran and hadith and the place of invocation form of Turkish Religious Music in the relationships between Esma and invocation were also explained. Moreover, the contribution of the work called Esmâü’lHüsnâ to the sustentation of traditional attitude was also explained while defining the traditional attitude in the Mosque Music. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28998 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28998 Ebru YAVUZ YAYLA The freedom of the press, which is a form of freedom of expression, which is considered as indispensable to the fundamental rights of the individual and democracy, has been restricted due to the fact that it is secured in international treaties and constitutions and on the other hand it is not absolute and unlimited. One of the reasons for the limitation of press freedom in the European Convention on Human Rights and in the constitutional texts of our time is national security, which is a general and abstract concept. The concept of national security, which was used in the field of law for the first time with the 1961 Constitution, was transformed into a limitation measure for fundamental rights and freedoms by the 1971 amendments and the first form of the 1982 Constitution adopted the concept as a limitation in its nine articles. National security, a concept which is difficult to define in terms of legal aspect, is one of the reasons of the restriction of fundamental rights and freedoms in the constitutional texts of our age. However, this restriction is not explicitly mentioned in the constitutions in the early days. The first constitutional amendment on freedom of the press found its place in the Constitution of 1876 in Turkish Law System. There are no regulations for freedom of the press since the reasons for limiting fundamental rights and freedoms are not accepted until the 1961 Constitution. As a reason for limitation before the 1961 Constitution, national security has been included in the laws. Although it is not a constitutional restriction until the 1961 Constitution, Press Law No. 1864, the Press Law of 1909, the Law of Takrir-i Sükun dated 1925, the Turkish Penal Code of 1926, the Law on the Press in 1931 and the Press Law of 1950 have given freedom to national security as one of the reasons for restricting the press. In this study, based on the constitutions up to the 1982 Constitution, the national security limit used in limiting the freedom of press in the relevant legislation will be examined and thus, the present day light will be tried to be kept. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29000 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29000 Mahmut ALMAS In the scope of our study, after giving biref information about arbitral proceeding we have focused systematically on termination of arbitral proceeding via award. In the context of the research, Turkish International and Domestic Arbitration Rules (MTK, HMK) investigated based on UNCITRAL Model Law, on the other hand ISTAC Arbitration Rules has examined based on the ICC Arbitration Rules. During the study, we tried to explore similarites and differences among the national and the international rules and regulations about the arbitration. One of the main purpose of the study is to collect the items in the different rules and national laws which is related with termination of proceeding and perform comparative analysis of the such regulations. As we see during the study, as any other country in the World, we have national laws which are mostly in allignment with the UNCITRAL Model Law. Harmonizaiton among the national and international arbitraiton law which become an essential part of the international commerce is a püre fact which is not ignorable. On the other hand, after brief literature survey we can easily see that there is a lack of academic records on the termination of proceeding area in the arbitration law both in the nataional and international law. Especially in our country, this deficiency causes serious problems in the arbitral proceeding and the enforcement of the awards. In our study, we try to make a classficiation for the decisions as the award and the order. And we tried to indicate the problems that arises because of the lack of clasfication for the decisions by investigations of the tribunal decisions. Conesquently, we believe that it is necessary to make a classfication as award and order, clarify the differences between the different type of decisions is crucial for our naitonal law. For this reason, in our study we tried to make clear the differences between different type of decisions and we focused on the terminaiton fo proceeding via award systematically in this context. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29086 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29086 Musa ERKAYA Among the fabricated hadiths that are related to the Prophet, those related to the virtue of some cities hold an important place. One of these cities is Qazvin, one of the major cities of Iran. Some time ago we had noticed a narration about Qazvin in Ibn Mâja’s Sunan, and we published an article which we discussed in terms of isnad. In the meantime, we saw that there are many rumors about the virtues of Qazvin in the books in which the hadiths are made. We have seen that there are not only Qazvin-related narratives, but also some mentioning other cities as well as Qazvîn. These cities include Askalân, Alexandria, Jeddah, Rey, Abadhan, Mecca and Medina. In our study, only the narrations about Qazvîn will be examined. In addition to Qazvîn, other cities are also mentioned in another study. According to our findings, twenty-five of the thirty rumors of our study were considered fabricated because of the shortcomings of the authors. One of the rumors has been considered to be unsubstantiated and four narrations have been taken into the work of the mavdhu’ boks without any evaluation. These rumors are not included in any of the hadith books except for a few of them included in Suyuti's Câmiu’l-Ahâdiths. Another remarkable point is that almost all of the narrations take place in the book of er-Râfi’i’s book at-Tadwin fi Akhbâri Qazvin, which is an Qazvinian person. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29034 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29034 İbrahim YILDIZ In order to correctly understand the words and phrases in the Quran, one should make use of some auxiliary sciences besides Arabic linguistic rules. This need led to the emergence of many scientific branches regarding the Quran, one of these is the science of wucûh and nazâir. In Arabic language, the words are used in a context as the presumptions indicate, and the meanings would differ with regards to that context. Therefore, determining the meaning of certain words in the Quran used in different verses is important for understanding the Quran accurately. Thus, different meanings of a word in regard to its place in the Quran would be identified and this would preclude incorrect meanings. Afrâd is the wording which has no analog. These words are one in terms of indicating a meaning, as oppose to the fact that the wordings have meanings more than one. Afrâd, in the sense of Quranic sciences, is that a word is used throughout the Quran with the same meaning except in one verse. “Afrâdu Kalimâti’l-Qur’âni’l-Azîz” of Ibn Fâris is the only pamphlet written in the matter of afrâd as the branch of the science of wucûh and nazâir. We try to develop the science of efrâd by determining some other words which are not noted in this pamphlet but having the feature of afrâd 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28968 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28968 Semiha İSMAİLOĞLU, Hilal YILMAZ In order for future generations to grow up as a healthy individual, the most important period in which personality bases are introduced is the 0-72 month period defined as the preschool period. Nowadays, with the participation of parents in business life, children often start school with life at an early age. In this sense, the characteristics of the environment in which the children spend half a day or a full day in pre-school education institutions gain importance. The fact that the activities / activities included in the training program prepared in the framework of the education program in the classes are realized under optimum comfort conditions is important for the students to have both their health and efficiency and enjoyable time as well as the love of school life from the beginning. The educational environment adversely affects the development of children if they do not have the optimum comfort conditions to meet their needs. The main purpose of this research is to determine the current state of the classrooms of children who attend pre-primary education institutions. In addition, it is aimed to emphasize that the characteristics of the classes in pre-school education institutions are important for children to spend both their efficiency and pleasure and to love school life from the beginning. Within the scope of the study, firstly interviews were held with 19 children in the 5-year age group attending a pre-school education institution in Istanbul to learn their thoughts on their classrooms. In the second phase of the study, an in situ detection study was conducted to determine the current physical properties of the class in this school. As a result of the study, evaluations were made in the direction of data obtained from on-site detection and interviews. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28717 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28717 Sedat CERECİ The world's life has been carefully planned for the last 2 centuries. High technology developed and the life was set on technology. The possibilities provided by technology have made people's lives easier and make them happy. The world is surrounded by electromagnetic networks and countless messages were sent to people every day. Social media is the most attractive tool in the hyper-modern era and nearly half of the world uses social media. Social media provides people communication, sharing and entertainment opportunities. It is possible to find ego satisfaction in social media that is not found in real life. Social media provides a virtually high ego satisfaction. People sometimes use social media to communicate but they often turn to social media to spend time or enjoy. The problem is social media that is used much and causes spending much time and prevent to think and prevent to communicate eachother among people in modern age. Social media are the most common and the most popular and the most attractive instruments which convey numerous interesting messages and enjoyable visual sharings and take people to a fantastic world from the real world and real people in modern age. This study handles the character of social media and investigates why people use social media much and what is the interest of social media with comtemporary conditions and evaluates role of social media in modern life and emphasizes that social media are the main instruments of globalizm and modern sovereignty strategy. Modern age is the age of technological facilities and technology has sovereignty on people in the world. People plan their lives due to technology and they mostly left traditional culture and began to live in popular culture with technology in the last century. The world and culture naturally changed due to technological development and people prefered to work less and to consume much. People began to spend all their time with technolgy and mostly left humanistic relations or intellectual actions. Modern age made people tired and presented people more colorful and funny facilities and popular culture placed consumption instead of production, even intellectual creation. The modern age is not only an economical plan but a political strategy that contains to control and to conduct all people in the world. Traditional tools and approaches changed when traditional age ended and people began to consume much to communicate less. Numerous people use social media in modern age and most of people do not need to communicate face to face. Many people do not meet with their relatives or with their friends. Popular culture taught people individual life and modern age presented people individual technologies. Social media are one of the most popular instruments of modern age and many people solve the need for communication via social media. Popular culture has very attractive marketing methods via social media because of technology. Popular culture is the style of modern age and the trap of the globalist strategy. The aim of the globalist strategy is to have a sovereignty via markets and products. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29071 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29071 Dilşen İnce Erdoğan Iran and Turkey were key countries in the Middle East with nominal geographic location. Iran, is both a culturally and economically powerful country, is one of the main actors in the Middle East politics. It is not right to say that Turkish-Iranian relations have continued in a friendly way during history, but this situation began to change after the First World War. Britain and Soviet Russia which were imperialist counties during the First World War, attacked to Turkey and Iran. After the First World War, the terms of Nationalities and Independence were emphasis on both political and economic field in both countries which were disintegrated and occupated by the secret treaties at that time. National and ındependent states were established in Turkey by the leadership of Mustafa Kemal and by Rıza Shah in Iran. After National Struggale with emperialist, Turkey was signed agreements with Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia on October 13, 1921, with Afghanistan on March 1, 1921 and with Soviet Russia on March 16, 1921on the framework her foreign policy which was based on peace and friendship with neighbours. All these treaties were distrupted especially to Britain, was the main actor of this region, started to believe to decrease his sovereignity in this area. After Soviet Russia signed another treaty with Iran on February 26, 1921, the unrest of Britain increased even more. While the competition between Soviet Russia and Britain increased in the Caucasus, important problems come in to begin in the Turkısh-Iranian relations. Due to uprisings in this region, border issues had begun to rise between two countries. Despite of these negative actions, Turkey and Iran had taken some steps to develop relations since 1921, but it was not possible to create an atmosphere of trust between Turkey and Iran. In spite of these circumstances, all efforts since 1921 provided a sense of trust between the two countries in 1926. Therefore on April 22, the 1926 Security and Friendship Treaty was signed in Tehran between Turkey’s Tehran ambassador Memduh Şevket and Iranian Grand Vizier Mehmet Ali Furugi. This treaty is an important step in the development of Turkey-Iran relations. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29094 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29094 Meltem ÜNAL ERZEN In this article, gender inequality against women has been discussed from a political perspective. Insufficient representation of women in the political arena has been brought about by the fact that women are secondary almost in all parts of social life. Not being able to realize equal representation and participation, which is a requirement of true democracy, causes not only an inequality between men and women but also a fundamental problem of democracy. The non-representation of half the population in the decision-making process demonstrates that the decisions made are neither pluralistic nor democratic. Thus, women need to be represented equally or at least above critical thresholds in the political stage, in order to strengthen the democratic life and to put an end to gender inequality. Regardless of some improvements in the conditions of work, representation of women in politics, who make up half the population, is not enough for various reasons. Even though several studies have concluded that the problem of underrepresentation is due to many factors, the true cause can be said to be the patriarchal structure in the male-dominated societies. The most recent Global Gender Inequality Report, published annually by World Economic Forum (WEF), clearly demonstrates the graveness of inequality with a table showing the women's rights in areas like politics, economy and education. According to the report, even though 88 countries from 149 in which the study was conducted has shown progress in salaries and equality at political representation, the overall situation is still haunting in gender inequality. The report adds that it would take more than a century to solve gender inequality on a global scale, and a hundred years seems optimistic in some areas. A requirement to meet a 30% threshold in general and local elections for both genders has been implemented by the new Political Parties Act (2015) in Turkey. This so-called gender quota system has been effectuated either voluntarily or through the internal constitution of the political parties and organizations therefore becoming a recent legal requirement. However, when the application of this requirement is closely examined, it can be seen that the critical thresholds are not met and therefore representation of women are still too low. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29085 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29085 Esin YELGEN, Ercüment OKUTMUŞ With the latest developments in capital markets, the gradual rise in the tendencies of enterprises to public offering and reasons like business combinations and purchasing besides growth in franchising operations canalized stake holders to seeking correct calculation of firm value. Today determination of how much the actual value of the enterprise is has become one of the most important problems of the accounting-finance field from the perspectives of the buyer and the seller person or institution. On one hand while the person or the institution to do the purchasing transaction wishes to buy the enterprise at the potential lowest price, on the other hand the person or institution to close the sale wants this price to be the potential highest one. Accordingly, finding out the allowable optimal purchase/sale price becomes more of an issue for both parties. Due to such reasons, in recent years, many methods have been developed under the adopted approaches towards appraisal of business and value increase - accounting-based, market-based and income-based -. With an increase in the number of operand enterprises in capital market, income-based approach giving healthier results is preferred rather than classical approach in valuation. One of the most significant of the methods developed under income-based approaches is Economic Value Added – EVA method based on economic profitability of the enterprises in appraisal of business. However, when the literature is reviewed, public held enterprises are seen to be generally preferred for practices. On the other hand, no sufficient study has been found on how the value is calculated in non-public enterprises. Therefore, in the current study, it is aimed to determine the value of a non-public accommodation establishment. Within this scope, in the study an accommodation establishment operating in Alanya is taken as a sample and the disposal value of the enterprise is determined using economic value-added method. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29037 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29037 İsmail EGE Fairy chimneys are geological, geomorphological and climatic characteristics and are a form of erosion specific to arid and semi-arid morphoclimatic regions. The rock type, intercalation pattern, slope of the layer, crack system have important effect on the formation of the fairy chimney. Fairy chimneys develop on slopes where lithological units with different resistance are exposed (Polat and Güney, 2013: 19). It is a wrong perception to think that the fairy chimneys are formed only on volcanic lands. Fairy chimneys, which may occur on rocks such as sandstone, sandstone and conglomerate, are the result of erosional processes. Kula-Peribacaları, which is our field of study, was formed as a result of erosion of the Gediz River and its lateral branches of the Miocene, Pliocene and Quaternary young materials within the boundaries of Kula district of Manisa province. Due to its geological-geomorphological features, it has been transformed into a geopark. This area, which has a very high tourism potential and is open to geotourism, is a natural museum, a research laboratory. The main aim of this study is to determine the characteristics and characteristics of the Fairy chimneys developed in a different lithology. In this study, the amount of erosion will be calculated for this purpose. In this study, GIS technologies have been used together field studies. Thus, digitization was carried out to determine the erosional processes in the field, raster was produced from the obtained vector data and analyzed by raster. In order to determine the severity of erosion, RUSLE method was preferred in this study. Thus, the formation, properties, use and preservation of the fairy chimneys in the field were investigated. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29054 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29054 Şebnem CANSUN The Gallipoli Campaign, which turned out to be a failure for the Allies and a victory for the Ottoman Turks, is a significant part of World War One. The representation of the Gallipoli Campaign in film and its connection to politics and history has thus far not been academically examined from a comparative perspective. To fill the literature gap, I conducted a document analysis of four films about the Gallipoli Campaign, focusing on the experience of the Australians and the Turks. I chose two Australian and two Turkish films based on their accessibility and recognition. Two of those films, Gallipoli (1981) and The Water Diviner (2014), are Australian-made and show mostly the Australian experience. The two other films, Çanakkale 1915 (Gallipoli 1915, 2012) and Çanakkale Yolun Sonu (Gallipoli: End of the Road, 2013) are Turkish-made and emphasize the Turkish experience. All four films highlight the inhuman characteristics of war and the suffering of the soldiers and their families, hence the common pain. Not surprisingly, patriotism and heroism are the emotions that emerge in all the films in question because, for the Australians, the Gallipoli Campaign was part of the national identity-building process, whereas for the Turks it was about the survival of the nation and the defense of the motherland. The four films also have the common point of a somewhat anti-British approach, though the Australian-made films differ from the others by having more anti-war elements. The Water Diviner has a pro-Turkish political perspective whereas Gallipoli 1915 seems to cater to the current political arena in Turkey. A future work could include other films about the subject and make a complementary comparison. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28994 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28994 Ramazan SONAT Security is one of the most important conditions for a state to maintain its existence. Thanks to him social peace is established and people are ensured to trust the concept of the state. When the lack of it is felt, the concept of the state opens up to discussion and a system in which individuals and groups prioritize their own mechanisms of justice emerges. As an example of this, some groups who resigned from the existing security gap in eastern provinces during the armistice period carried out some actions that disrupted the public order. On the other hand, the Ottoman state, claimed the rights of the Entente states arising from the armistice agreement and tried to neutralize the groups in order to eliminate the occupation attempts. This study aims to investigate the causes of public order problems in the eastern provinces such as Diyarbakır, Mardin and Urfa during the period of armistice and the reaction of the Ottoman state apparatus against these problems. In this context, the documents in the Ottoman archives of the Prime Ministry were examined and it was wanted to be explained how Istanbul and local government units put forward a will to solve the issue. In addition, some special words in telegrams sent to Istanbul from local government units were frequently included in the study, and central-provincial relations were sought from a different perspective. Finally, during the armistice period, studies related to public order problems in various parts of Anatolia were subjected to some criticism and the difference of this study was tried to be explained. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28985 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=28985 Mehmet ÖZCANLI, Necmettin ELMASTAŞ , Hurşit YETMEN , Sedat BENEK Especially in arid and semi-arid regions, need to control underground water levels and therefore plan to irrigation systems, manage and develop appropriate strategies for sustainable agricultural production is becoming increasingly important. In order to propose more efficient irrigation techniques, need for accurate and optimal informations on the relationship between agricultural product and water use with groundwater sustainability. In this study the change of groundwater level of district Ahlat that locate in the Van lake basin has been revealed. Underground water that used for irrigation of agricultural lands in the district is taken by drilling. Each drilling is used for watering agricultural area between 100 decares and 300 decares. Measurements were made in 13 boreholes to produce geographical data that would adequately represent the area to reflect the underground water level of the research area. It was determined that underground water was extensively used for irrigating the products grown in agricultural areas of the district of Ahlat. Height difference between wells and dynamic water level changes have provided important clues fort he identification of wells fed from the same aquifer. The direction of the underground flow has appeared relation to the hydraulics slope. As a result when the maps showing the dynamic level of groundwater are examined , it is seen that underground flows flow from high sections to low sections in sub basins. As a natural consequence of this process, groundwater which is located in the higher parts moving t oto lower parts, has caused the water level to drop in the upper wells. The result of the second land study (after the irrigation season ,20 september 2017) are also consistent with these informations. The water level of the wells in the areas where elevation is less unchanged or even inreases, indicating that the groungwater flow is compensated by the hydraulic gradient compensating fort he water loss in spite of the water consumption. The level measurements of the groundwater in the aquifer which selected wells, the hydraulic gradient direction and level changes were connected were evaluated according to were made the result of the two land studies. According to which underground flow ind the sub basins were determined to be from West to the east of the study area and generally other parts from the North to the South . 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29045 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29045 Douglas Getuma ONCHARI, Mustafa Necat COŞKUN The purpose of research paper was to find out how international trade openness affects the rate of unemployment and poverty in Kenya for the periods of 1990-2017. Most trade economists believe that an increase in trade openness leads to economic growth of a country. This in turn leads to an increase in employment opportunities and reduction of poverty levels. However this has not been the case in Kenya. Over the last few decades there has been an increase in foreign trade activities in Kenya but yet the rate of unemployment and poverty has remained relatively high. This research therefore tried to examine the extent to which international trade openness and foreign direct investment has contributed to Kenyans’ poverty and unemployment. The results from the analysis showed that international trade openness and FDI do not have any long term effect on unemployment but they have they do have a long term causation on poverty. The study suggests how the government can influence trade openness and FDI in order to have maximum benefit in terms of poverty reduction and creation of job opportunities in Kenya. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29090 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29090 Hilal ARSLAN In the Upper Mesopotamian region, which was called al-Jazeera in history, the Artuqids who established three different principalities managed this geography in three centuries of prosperity. Artuqids, one of the principalities founded in Anatolia after the war of Malazgirt, have established an atmosphere of trust in the region with their constructive state policies. Both Muslims and non-Muslims, who were under their rule, managed the people with justice. Their economies, like every medieval state, were largely based on agriculture and trade. As a result of this, they tried to improve agriculture and trade with their policies. The presence on the Silk Road in the Middle Ages where the road trade was intensively contributed greatly to their economies. They made investments in order to benefit from the international trade flow and transformed their cities into commercial centers. With the markets and markets they have established, they have increased their economic power which has succeeded in attracting foreign merchants to their countries. In addition, they managed to keep the economic life alive by giving assurances to both domestic and foreign traders. They carried out effective policies for the continuity of agricultural life, which is another basis of their economies. The Artuqid beys, who ruled over fertile soils, evaluated this situation well. They have made the necessary assistance for their farmers to increase the production and even removed some taxes. In this period, the production of cereals, fruits and vegetables was made intensively in the cities of Artuqids. Water channels and cisterns have been built and used to meet the water needs of the farmers. The Artuqids have a strong economy with their productive Mesopotamia plain and the economic policies they follow. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29039 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29039 Senem ALTAN Peter F. Drucker is known as the father of modern management all over the world. Drucker has made important contributions to the society and management science through a large number of books and articles. In uncertainty and chaos environment which we live in, the importance of change and innovation is increasing day by day. In this study, Drucker's perspective of change and innovation is discussed. According to Drucker, change and innovation arise by analysis, systematic improvement and hard work; and they have teachable, reproducible and learnable characteristics. Aimed systematic innovations begin with the opportunity analysis. Innovations and changes, in which the customer demands, needs and expectations are important, should be simple, focused and small; and targeting “change leadership” is one of the most important principles of them. Also, according to Drucker, change and innovation are both conceptual and perceptual. Successful innovators evaluate the sources of opportunity for innovation, and contribute to innovation from both perspectives. 2024-08-29 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29100 https://jasstudies.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=29100 Gülüse AKSOY The peculiarity of Heidegger’s development of the issue about the “formal structure of the question of entity” and its clarity derives essentially from his awareness of the need to get rid of prejudices that took shape throughout the history of philosophy on the basis of approaches to the interpretation of being, which originated from the question posed by Parmenidis about the assumptions (doxa) and truth (alethia). Heidegger’s elaboration on the question and asking a question in essence is also in some way an answer to the question about being posed by Parmenides. For the purpose of self-justification of philosophy, there becomes crucial an issue of whether thinking, regardless of empirical experience, can ensure the achievement of an objective, generally valid truth. The thesis of Parmenides, which derives being from the necessary truth of the thought of being, becomes such a justification and acts as one of the fundamental ideas that bind together thinking and being. The essence of this thesis is that thought clearly presented by a man is more than just a subjective experience, it contains some objectivity and therefore being and thinking are one and the same. The idea that influenced the teachings of Plato and the Neo-Platonists on being and truth, and through them on the whole European tradition, was transformed by Heidegger in terms of strengthening the position of the person asking a question or that of the object of asking with the aim of achieving and providing in advance the correct manner of approaching the existing. In view of the foregoing, the article concentrates on studying the issue of asking as one of the components in the elaboration by Heidegger of the structure of the question on being. 2024-08-29